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28 Over the coming years, a large part of Basque Government investment will go toward promoting innovation as a stimulus to economic growth. Seed-bed for enterprise launched by the public development agency SPRI in the former ceramics factory of Laudio (Alava-Araba). The different types of tax are: • Direct taxes. Taxes on personal income. These taxes are progressive (persons earning more income bear a greater tax burden) and are levied on: -Salary: Income Tax -Business profits: Corporation Tax -Wealth: property, stocks -Inheritances and donations • Indirect taxes. Taxes imposed on consumer products, sales and foreign trade. VAT and Special Taxes are co-ordinated for all European Union countries. No matter what the amount of taxes collected – regardless of the state of the Basque economy and assuming the risk of negative periods such as the 1980s – Euskadi must deliver a share or quota (Cupo) to cover general expenses which are the exclusive competence of the central government (international relations, defence, customs, general transportation, etc.) and which have not been devolved to Euskadi. Since 1981 Euskadiʼs share is calculated at 6.24% of the annual General State Budget. After deducting the quota, the remaining income is split 70/30 between the Basque Government and the Provincial Councils. In turn, the Provincial Councils earmark 50% of the amount received to finance the local councils. The Basque Government budget in 2007 was 8.740 million euros. Basque Government Budget – 2007 TOTAL 8,740 million euros EXPENDITURE INCOME 58% 31% Navarre has a similar scheme known as the Convenio, based on a fixed amount. Local councils Education Health care Industry Housing and Environment Public Works Employment Justice Interior Culture Agriculture Taxes 11% Other Miscellaneous * 7% * European Funds – 3% - Own Income – 1% - Public Debt – 3% Local or town councils are the competent bodies entrusted with overseeing matters related to each municipality. The primary duty of the local council – comprising a Mayor and ouncillors – is to ensure the delivery of local services (sanitation, transportation, fire department, etc.). To pay for these services local governments impose levies and taxes and receive funds from other more general institutions. The Association of Basque Municipalities is called EUDEL. 93%
4.3. Citizen representation in Euskadi. Political parties 29 Political parties are a vital means of citizen participation in politics. In charge of political representation, they defend certain ideologies, follow a programme in an attempt to gain political power and bring their proposals to the attention of the government. 4.3.1. Functions of political parties • Gather opinions and interests for their political programme. • Choose the most suitable people to assume positions of power. • Defend or oppose the policies of the government, depending on whether it is in power or in the opposition. • Ensure financial means to continue their functions. The internal operations and organisation of political parties must be democratic. 4.3.2. Participation and electoral processes There are two basic types of voting systems commonly found in democratic societies. • Elections for government representatives are held every four years. In Euskadi the different types of elections are held on different dates: legislative elections (senators and deputies to the Spanish Congress); autonomous community (members of the Basque Parliament), municipal and provincial elections (two different ballot slips, one for municipal councillors and the other for junteros); and European elections (deputies of the European Parliament). • Referendums are held on specific issues, generally dealing with government policies or uncommon political situations. For example, referendums were put to the entire electorate of Spain to accept or reject the Political Reform Act, the Constitution, the Statute of Autonomy, NATO and the European Treaty. Basque democratic tradition is seen in the way of universal suffrage and citizen participation in politics. Assembly House in Gernika, Bizkaia, and a meeting of the Juntas Generales in Gipuzkoa. In addition the right to assembly, expression and protest are recognised and practised means of participation. Political ceremony in celebration of Aberri Eguna (day of Basque patriotism) in Bilbao (2005).
Page 1 and 2: culture sport inmigration society T
Page 3 and 4: culture society sport inmigration p
Page 5 and 6: 7. THE ARTS IN EUSKAL HERRIA 7.1. V
Page 7: Terms used Euskal Herria, also know
Page 10 and 11: 8 Traditional Basque farmhouse. 1.
Page 12 and 13: 10 Santimamiñe cave, Bizkaia. Roma
Page 14 and 15: 12 The second Carlist War was fough
Page 16 and 17: 14 After more than 40 years since t
Page 18 and 19: 16 3.1.1. Factors for social change
Page 20 and 21: 18 In 2001, out of the two million
Page 22 and 23: 20 3.3. Social participation There
Page 24 and 25: 22 3.3.4. Non-governmental organisa
Page 26 and 27: 24 The makila (rulerʼs staff) is t
Page 28 and 29: 26 The traditional biltzar system,
Page 32 and 33: 30 Basque Parliament. Vitoria-Gaste
Page 34 and 35: 32 Today, however, Iparralde is und
Page 36 and 37: 34 The 1970s economic crisis saw th
Page 38 and 39: 36 5.2.2. Trends in welfare and inc
Page 40 and 41: 38 5.3. The economies of Navarre an
Page 43 and 44: Part two Culture Basque culture tod
Page 45 and 46: Each Basque territory holds its own
Page 47 and 48: 6.2.3 Historical difficulties Histo
Page 49 and 50: 7. THE ARTS For the purposes of thi
Page 51 and 52: 7.1.3. Architecture 49 Architecture
Page 53 and 54: The nineteenth and twentieth centur
Page 55 and 56: 7.2 Basque literature Basque litera
Page 57 and 58: In addition to the above writers ar
Page 59 and 60: 7.3. Performing arts 7.3.1. Theatre
Page 61 and 62: Contemporary popular music The emer
Page 63 and 64: 7.4. Digital culture and multimedia
Page 65 and 66: Museo de Navarra. The Museum of Nav
Page 67 and 68: 8.2.1. Music and media libraries 65
Page 69 and 70: There are two private universities
Page 71 and 72: 8.6. The media The mass media in Eu
Page 73 and 74: In addition to music, some radio st
Page 75 and 76: 8.7.2. Historical figures This sect
Page 77 and 78: Jose Antonio Aguirre y Lecube (Bilb
Page 79 and 80: 8.9. Traditional and popular cultur
Page 81 and 82:
Gastronomy The quality of Basque cu
Page 83 and 84:
There are a lot of places to visit
Page 85 and 86:
• Post-Compulsory Secundary Educa
Page 87 and 88:
9.2. Other resources in the Basque
Page 89 and 90:
9.4. Addresses of government instit
Page 91 and 92:
Sources and bibliography Official r
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