The Basque Country (pdf, 4,3Mb) - Kultura Saila - Euskadi.net

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Sabino de Arana y Goiri during one of
his stints in jail.
Indalecio Prieto.
Dolores Ibarruri “La Pasionaria”.
Cosme Damián Churruca, admiral and expert cartographer, was
born in Mutriku (1761) and died in the Battle of Trafalgar against
the British Navy.
The life stories of Tomás (1788-1835) and Manuel Antonio (1773-
1846) de Zumalacárregui brothers, Tomás (1788-1835) and Manuel
Antonio (1773-1846) are diametrically opposed. Born in Ormaiztegi,
Tomás was a general in the Carlist army during the first Carlist War.
He was know for his guerrilla tactics, and was mortally wounded, in
the siege of Bilbao following his victory over Espartero in Durango.
Manuel, on the other hand, was a liberal, and participated in the Cortes
in Cádiz (1812), where the first Spanish constitution was drawn up
(known as “la Pepa”). In 1842 he was named Minister of Justice.
Francisco Javier Mina (Idocin, 1789-Mexico, 1817) nephew of
Espoz y Mina, was the head of a guerrilla force fighting against the
French, and later fought in Mexico in the War of Independence,
where he was sentenced to death.
Antoine dʼAbbadie (1810-1897) was a wealthy philologist and
explorer of Ethiopia. He later turned his interest to Euskara,
organising a series of Juegos Florales poetry competitions. On
his familyʼs property in Lapurdi he built the unique castle of
“Abbadie”, used today by the French Academy of Science, of
which he was once president.
Manuel Iradier, born in Vitoria-Gasteiz (1854-1911), he was an
explorer in Guinea, and wrote a number of books about his travels.
Sabino Arana (Bilbao, 1865-1903). Besides being a scholar of
Euskara (Etimologías Vascas, Pliegos euskerófilos), in 1892 he
published Bizkaya por su independencia. In 1895 founded the
Basque Nationalist Party based on the idea that “Euskadi is the
homeland of the Basque people”. He was a decisive figure in
Basque history in the last century.
María de Maeztu Withney (Vitoria-Gasteiz, 1882-Buenos Aires, 1948)
dedicated her life toward achieving equal education for women. In 1915 she
founded the “Residencia Internacional de Señoritas” in Madrid.
Indalecio Prieto (1883-1962), was a journalist, politician and
Socialist party representative beginning the first decade of the
twentieth century. He served as deputy and minister for the
Spanish Government on several occasions, representing the
reformist sector of socialism, after clashing earlier with the
founder of socialism in Bizkaia; Facundo Perezagua. He led the
Spanish Socialist party during the period of exile.
Manu Robles-Arangiz (Begoña, 1884-Lapurdi, 1982) was one of
the founders of Basque workers solidarity organisation, Solidaridad
de Obreros Vascos, which would later become the union ELA.
Manuel de Irujo (Lizarra, 1892-Pamplona, 1981) was Nationalist
deputy and minister for the Spanish Republican government
(1936-37). He was also a member of the Republican government
in exile. With the restoration of democracy he served as senator
and deputy for Navarre. He authored Instituciones jurídicas vascas
and La comunidad ibérica de naciones.
Dolores Ibarruri «la Pasionaria» (Gallarta, 1895-Madrid, 1989)
was leader to the working class and secretary general of the
Spanish Communist Party (until 1960) and of the Communist
International. As deputy in 1936 and 1977, she became a mythical
hero for the working class. With her cry “No pasarán” (they shall
not pass), she was the symbol of Madridʼs resistance against
Francoʼs troops during the Spanish Civil War.
Jesús Maria Leizaola (Donostia, 1896-1989) was deputy to
the Cortes during the Second Republic, member of the Basque
Government, and head of the Council of Defence during the
war from 1936-37. He served as lehendakari in exile upon the
death of Aguirre (1960), returning in 1980 as an elected member
of parliament. He was also a scholar, writer, and member of
Euskaltzaindia.
José Antonio Aguirre y Lecube at the founding
ceremony of the first Basque Government (1936).