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22 3.3.4. Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) are the outcome of citizensʼ unselfish interest in promoting social causes. NGOs are generally highly professional. They either undertake to better the living conditions for marginalised or disadvantaged people (the elderly, people suffering from disease and disabilities, the homeless, etc.) or promote different areas of culture. Noteworthy is the spectacular increase in the number of NGOs concerned with development, known as NGODs. The aim of these organisations is to improve the living conditions of people in underdeveloped countries or to address the needs of marginalised groups living within the country. The best known organisations of this type are: Hirugarren Mundua ta Bakea (Peace and the Third World), Mugarik Gabe, Médicos del Mundo, Intermón-Oxfam, Setem, Cruz Roja, Unesco Etxea and Fundación Haurralde... NGOs active in immigration issues and political asylum include Cear-Euskadi (organisation that promotes solidarity and integration of refugees from countries in conflict), SOS Racismo, Cáritas and Harresiak Apurtuz (breaking down borders), the umbrella group for NGOs working with immigrants. Colombian community visits Ziortza (Zenarruza) in Bolibar, Bizkaia. The Basque Country stands out for its solidarity. One of the aid caravans bringing materials to a Saharan refugee camp.
3.4. The Basque diaspora Euskal Etxeak (Basque clubs) are organisations or centres where Basque immigrants around the world and their descendents gather to share aspects of Basque culture. Most of the members of these organisations feel both Basque and a citizen of their adopted country. The majority are descendents of Basque immigrants who left their homeland in the nineteenth century in search of a better life, although many of them emigrated in the aftermath of the Spanish Civil War as political exiles. There are 161 Euskal Etxeak in 21 countries, 106 of which are located in Latin America (Argentina has the most with 76, followed by 10 in Uruguay and six in Venezuela), 36 in North America,10 in Spain, five in the rest of Europe, and three in Australia. 3.5. Surveys 23 According to surveys, the Basque Autonomous Community is a very plural society with a strong sense of identity. 55% of the population feels they are Basque only or more Basque than Spanish (as opposed to the mere 10-12% who see themselves as Spanish only or more Spanish than Basque); the remaining 28% consider themselves equally Basque and Spanish. The people in Navarre share the feeling of being from Navarre with a wider political identity, whether Spanish or Basque. In other words, there are people in Navarre who feel either Basque, Spanish or exclusively Navarrese. 25% of the general population and 30% of young people feel both Basque and Navarrese. The surveys from Iparralde paint a completely different picture: 40% feel significantly identified with Basque culture (16% feel they are Basque only, while 24% see themselves as French-Basque). 52% feel predominantly French. Basque identity is more common among young people (48% as opposed to 46%). Basque identity in Iparralde is more cultural than national. A very common practice for studying the changes that take place in society is the use of surveys, whereby a significant number of people are asked specific questions on a particular topic. In Euskadi EUSTAT is the government agency in charge of statistics, surveys and public opinion polls. There are also several other organisations that conduct different types of surveys (Sociómetro vasco, Euskobarómetro, etc), in addition to several so-called observatories (Immigration Observatory, Youth Observatory, and the more recent Culture Observatory – www.kultura.ejgv.euskadi.net). The Lehendakari welcomes a group of dancers from the Basque community in Boise, Idaho, USA, at the 3rd World Congress of Basque Communities (2003). Basque Museum in Baiona, Lapurdi. 3.6. Identity An awareness of cultural and political Basque identity was developed throughout the nineteenth century in peninsular Euskal Herria. The Basque people were already seeing themselves as a different nation from the rest of Spain, at least in the cultural sense. But it was not until the twentieth century that the cultural differences spilled over to the political arena, first in the way of nationalism, but later – and to the present day – as a feeling of national community shared by the majority.
Page 1 and 2: culture sport inmigration society T
Page 3 and 4: culture society sport inmigration p
Page 5 and 6: 7. THE ARTS IN EUSKAL HERRIA 7.1. V
Page 7: Terms used Euskal Herria, also know
Page 10 and 11: 8 Traditional Basque farmhouse. 1.
Page 12 and 13: 10 Santimamiñe cave, Bizkaia. Roma
Page 14 and 15: 12 The second Carlist War was fough
Page 16 and 17: 14 After more than 40 years since t
Page 18 and 19: 16 3.1.1. Factors for social change
Page 20 and 21: 18 In 2001, out of the two million
Page 22 and 23: 20 3.3. Social participation There
Page 26 and 27: 24 The makila (rulerʼs staff) is t
Page 28 and 29: 26 The traditional biltzar system,
Page 30 and 31: 28 Over the coming years, a large p
Page 32 and 33: 30 Basque Parliament. Vitoria-Gaste
Page 34 and 35: 32 Today, however, Iparralde is und
Page 36 and 37: 34 The 1970s economic crisis saw th
Page 38 and 39: 36 5.2.2. Trends in welfare and inc
Page 40 and 41: 38 5.3. The economies of Navarre an
Page 43 and 44: Part two Culture Basque culture tod
Page 45 and 46: Each Basque territory holds its own
Page 47 and 48: 6.2.3 Historical difficulties Histo
Page 49 and 50: 7. THE ARTS For the purposes of thi
Page 51 and 52: 7.1.3. Architecture 49 Architecture
Page 53 and 54: The nineteenth and twentieth centur
Page 55 and 56: 7.2 Basque literature Basque litera
Page 57 and 58: In addition to the above writers ar
Page 59 and 60: 7.3. Performing arts 7.3.1. Theatre
Page 61 and 62: Contemporary popular music The emer
Page 63 and 64: 7.4. Digital culture and multimedia
Page 65 and 66: Museo de Navarra. The Museum of Nav
Page 67 and 68: 8.2.1. Music and media libraries 65
Page 69 and 70: There are two private universities
Page 71 and 72: 8.6. The media The mass media in Eu
Page 73 and 74: In addition to music, some radio st
Page 75 and 76:
8.7.2. Historical figures This sect
Page 77 and 78:
Jose Antonio Aguirre y Lecube (Bilb
Page 79 and 80:
8.9. Traditional and popular cultur
Page 81 and 82:
Gastronomy The quality of Basque cu
Page 83 and 84:
There are a lot of places to visit
Page 85 and 86:
• Post-Compulsory Secundary Educa
Page 87 and 88:
9.2. Other resources in the Basque
Page 89 and 90:
9.4. Addresses of government instit
Page 91 and 92:
Sources and bibliography Official r
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