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68 8.5. Other facilities El Baluarte Conference Centre and Auditorium. Pamplona, Navarra. Europa Conference Centre Vitoria-Gasteiz. Conference centres and auditoriums provide venues for highquality cultural events, conferences and performances. The Kursaal Conference Centre and Auditorium in Donostia-San Sebastian, Bilbaoʼs Palacio Euskalduna, built on the site of the former Bilbao shipyard, Palacio Europa in Vitoria-Gasteiz – soon to include an auditorium – and El Baluarte, Pamplona-Iruñaʼs new conference centre and auditorium, all provide the perfect setting for mass audience events. The Anoeta Velodrome in Donostia, the Buesa Arena in Vitoria-Gasteiz and the Bizkaia Arena at the BEC in Barakaldo also serve as venues on occasion for large-scale concerts Theatres include the Arriaga in Bilbao, the Victoria Eugenia in Donostia and the Principal in Vitoria-Gasteiz, as well as a number of smaller theatres and multi-purpose venues in different cities (Barakaldo, etc.). Arteleku, located in Martutene, is now a consolidated public centre aimed at promoting experimentation, reflection and dissemination of contemporary art. Bilboarte in Bilbao and Montehermoso and Krea in Gasteiz serve the same purposes. There are also a number of centres dedicated to the performing arts (Bilbo Eszena, etc.). The former Tobacco factory in Donostia (30,000 square metres) will house a large-scale cultural undertaking, the International Contemporary Culture Centre, dedicated to image and cultural innovation. Many towns and cities have public facilities set aside for cultural and sport-related activities. These include cultural centres, libraries and fronton ball courts (which can also be converted for other uses). Particularly noteworthy, for example, is the network of civic centres located in the various neighbourhoods of Vitoria-Gasteiz. This is where a large part of the sports, social and cultural activities take place. The other capital cities also have a similar system of cultural centres which offer a variety of cultural programmes and events year round. Euskalduna Conference Centre and Auditorium, built over the former Euskalduna shipyard. Bilbao.
8.6. The media The mass media in Euskadi comprises an array of social and cultural entities –profit-making or otherwise– dedicated to the transmission of ideas, information, aesthetics, sounds and images, all of which have a great cultural, social and political impact. Mass media help us to connect with an increasingly global society. Mass culture is what provides a large part of the population with its cultural and intellectual background. The three major types of mass media today – the written press, radio, television, and to a growing extent the Internet –provide us with increasing accessibility to current information. However, the ability of nations and societies to inform the public is not equally distributed. Economic, social and political pressures influence the types of information and programmes communicated to large groups of people via private or publicly-owned media organisations, corporate press offices or lobby groups. The three fundamental duties of public communication services are to inform, shape opinion and entertain. The latter of the three – mere entertainment – has managed to displace the first two in todayʼs systems. In order to operate a radio or television station a government license must be obtained from the state media agency, except for non-commercial community radio stations (no advertisements) with very low power transmitters. Media requires financial investments not readily available to all. Generally speaking, the leading media organisations either belong to financial or economic groups or are publicly owned. Public television networks, at both the state and autonomous community levels, are usually financed by a combination of public funding and commercial revenues. The switchover from analog to digital broadcasting will be fully implemented by the year 2010. The termination of analog broadcasting will bring about a radical change in the media panorama in Euskadi as well. The peninsular Basque Country (Euskadi and Navarre) has its own mass media structure, particularly the written press. However, Madrid-based radio and television stations inevitably exercise a controlling influence, given the extensive programming offered by both public and private Spanish television and radio broadcasters. 8.6.1. Media groups and operators The leading media groups in the Basque media structure are the Basque public television and radio network Euskal Irrati Telebista (EITB), and Vocento. Euskal Irrati Telebista (EITB), operated by the Basque Government, is a public service radio (5 stations) and television (with two channels that broadcast to Euskadi – ETB 1 and ETB 2 – and another two channels broadcast abroad – Canal Vasco and ETB Sat). It commands a 25% share of the total radio and television audience in Euskadi. The groupʼs missions are regulated by law, and controlled by the Basque Parliament and a contract programme drawn up with the Basque Government, whereby the groupʼs obligations are assessed every four years in exchange for public funding covering around 70% of total operations. The missions refer to cultural programming, in-house production, Euskara, the number of newscasts, the promotion of Basque culture, etc. Vocento – formerly called Grupo Correo – is a long-standing, conservative media group. It is actually the leading media group in Spain. In addition to El Correo in Bizkaia and Araba, and El Diario Vasco in Gipuzkoa, the group publishes over a dozen newspapers in Spain, including the ABC, a widely read newspaper in Madrid, Taller de Editories, and a third of the Argentinian regional press company, Cimeco. The group is also a major stockholder in television, radio, and audiovisual production. It also has a variety of Internet portals. In peninsular Euskal Herria there are also other regional or local newspapers, as well as radio and television stations. 8.6.2. Audience In Euskadi the figures for dissemination of written press (190 copies for every one thousand inhabitants if we include the specialised press) and readership (50% of the population reads the press) are typical for a European country. They are twice as high as the Spanish average and higher than in France. Radio audience in Euskadi is among the highest in Spain (57.7% of the population listens to the radio) according to the combined March-October 2006 figures compiled by the audience measurement firm CIES. People tend to have specific preferences for media produced in the Basque Country as opposed to products from Madrid-based media corporations. This preference is particularly evident when it comes to the written press, which is fundamentally published at the regional level. Nearly 9 out of 10 newspapers sold have their head offices in Euskadi. The newspapers Egin and Egunkaria (both published in Euskara) were closed by court order in 1998 and 2003 respectively. Studio at EITB public radio. 69 Fresh off the press.
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culture sport inmigration society T
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culture society sport inmigration p
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7. THE ARTS IN EUSKAL HERRIA 7.1. V
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Terms used Euskal Herria, also know
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8 Traditional Basque farmhouse. 1.
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10 Santimamiñe cave, Bizkaia. Roma
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12 The second Carlist War was fough
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14 After more than 40 years since t
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16 3.1.1. Factors for social change
Page 20 and 21: 18 In 2001, out of the two million
Page 22 and 23: 20 3.3. Social participation There
Page 24 and 25: 22 3.3.4. Non-governmental organisa
Page 26 and 27: 24 The makila (rulerʼs staff) is t
Page 28 and 29: 26 The traditional biltzar system,
Page 30 and 31: 28 Over the coming years, a large p
Page 32 and 33: 30 Basque Parliament. Vitoria-Gaste
Page 34 and 35: 32 Today, however, Iparralde is und
Page 36 and 37: 34 The 1970s economic crisis saw th
Page 38 and 39: 36 5.2.2. Trends in welfare and inc
Page 40 and 41: 38 5.3. The economies of Navarre an
Page 43 and 44: Part two Culture Basque culture tod
Page 45 and 46: Each Basque territory holds its own
Page 47 and 48: 6.2.3 Historical difficulties Histo
Page 49 and 50: 7. THE ARTS For the purposes of thi
Page 51 and 52: 7.1.3. Architecture 49 Architecture
Page 53 and 54: The nineteenth and twentieth centur
Page 55 and 56: 7.2 Basque literature Basque litera
Page 57 and 58: In addition to the above writers ar
Page 59 and 60: 7.3. Performing arts 7.3.1. Theatre
Page 61 and 62: Contemporary popular music The emer
Page 63 and 64: 7.4. Digital culture and multimedia
Page 65 and 66: Museo de Navarra. The Museum of Nav
Page 67 and 68: 8.2.1. Music and media libraries 65
Page 69: There are two private universities
Page 73 and 74: In addition to music, some radio st
Page 75 and 76: 8.7.2. Historical figures This sect
Page 77 and 78: Jose Antonio Aguirre y Lecube (Bilb
Page 79 and 80: 8.9. Traditional and popular cultur
Page 81 and 82: Gastronomy The quality of Basque cu
Page 83 and 84: There are a lot of places to visit
Page 85 and 86: • Post-Compulsory Secundary Educa
Page 87 and 88: 9.2. Other resources in the Basque
Page 89 and 90: 9.4. Addresses of government instit
Page 91 and 92: Sources and bibliography Official r
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