The Swedish National Innovation System 1970-2003 - Vinnova

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three categories have increased in importance for future Swedish economic growth and welfare, while the large industrial groups have gradually been losing the connections to Sweden as their home base for production. Centres of excellence for research and innovation A fifth important challenge for Swedish innovation policy is how to improve the interaction efficiency in R&D and innovation within the Swedish national innovation system. The challenge is how to generate research and innovation environments that simultaneously continue to attract investments by technologically leading firms and improve the rate of innovation-based start-ups and growth in SMEs and large firms in Sweden. Start-ups and SME growth are weaknesses of the Swedish national innovation system and the globalisation trends have increased the risk that technologically leading firms will focus future R&D investments on countries other than Sweden. Centres of excellence for research and innovation are environments with a simultaneous international competitiveness in science, technology, innovation and knowledge-intensive production. They are characterised by high efficiency in Triple Helix interactions. Such environments are delimited in terms of sector and technology focus, as well as in terms of geography, because of the need for critical mass in terms of competence and because of the need for geographical proximity for efficient interactive learning in innovation processes. In addition, their competitiveness is highly based on the intensity and quality of their co-operation and interactions with leading international and national centres of excellence that could improve their performance. Therefore, internationally connected centres of excellence and national networks of centres of excellence within different sectors should be an important focus for national and regional innovation policy strategies. 10 THE SWEDISH NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM 1970–2003
II. INNOVATION SYSTEM COMPETITIVENESS THE SWEDISH NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM 1970–2003 11
Page 1 and 2: V I N NOVA A NA LYSIS VA 2 0 0 4 :1
Page 3 and 4: The present study is part of a larg
Page 5 and 6: 1 Introduction The purpose of this
Page 7 and 8: I. CONCLUDING ANALYSIS THE SWEDISH
Page 9 and 10: Innovation system competitiveness T
Page 11: 3 Innovation Policy Challenges The
Page 15 and 16: of labour between the large industr
Page 17 and 18: 4.3 Real percentage growth in manuf
Page 19 and 20: 5 Job Creation The Swedish national
Page 21 and 22: 5.2 Employment for men and women in
Page 23 and 24: 6 Innovation Competitiveness The co
Page 25 and 26: 6.1 Multi-factor productivity growt
Page 27 and 28: III. TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE PERFORM
Page 29 and 30: 7.1 Number of patents in the USA (U
Page 31 and 32: 8.1 Scientific publications in inte
Page 33 and 34: 9 Business Innovation Activities Th
Page 35 and 36: 9.1 Business R&D investments in rel
Page 37 and 38: special compilations of R&D data fr
Page 39 and 40: 11 Interaction Patterns Since World
Page 41 and 42: Compared to most other industries,
Page 43 and 44: 11.5 Co-operation arrangements on i
Page 45 and 46: 12 R&D Structures The Swedish natio
Page 47 and 48: 13 Human Resources The Swedish nati
Page 49 and 50: 13.1 Percentage of active populatio
Page 51 and 52: VI. FINANCING AND INCENTIVE STRUCTU
Page 53 and 54: Switzerland and Turkey show similar
Page 55 and 56: 15 Seed-financing and Venture Capit
Page 57 and 58: 16 Incentive Structures During the
Page 59 and 60: 16.1 Gross government deficits in r
Page 61 and 62: Notes 1 OECD, Economic Surveys, Swe
Page 63 and 64:
Bibliography Andersson, T., Globali
Page 65:
Williamson, O., The Economic Instit
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The Swedish National Innovation System 1970-2003 - Vinnova

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