The Swedish National Innovation System 1970-2003 - Vinnova

More documents

Recommendations

Info

competence for such production have improved considerably in many of the newly industrialising countries in Asia and Eastern Europe. As a consequence, there is a strong and rising global tendency to outsource high-technology production to these countries, while most of the product development activities and company headquarters remain in Europe or North America. The large multinational industrial groups, with a strong competence and production base in Sweden, have expanded their production abroad, while slowly beginning to decrease it in Sweden, figure 4.6. Service sector value added Another explanation for the relatively poor Swedish economic competitiveness during 1970–2003 concerns the comparatively weak development of service sector value added. In terms of services and service sector development, the performance of the Swedish economy is apparently considerably poorer than for manufacturing development and production, figure 4.7. An important aspect of this, by international standards, rather low level of service value added and productivity is the poor development of value added in business sector services. This concerns both knowledgeintensive services and other services in Sweden, with the exception of transportation and storage. Another aspect of the relatively poor service sector development concerns the relatively low productivity rates in the public sector, which is bigger than in most countries. These factors have contributed to a reduction in Sweden’s national productivity and value added in services. It should be noted though that public sector productivity rates are difficult to calculate properly, which makes all international comparisons of public sector productivity rates problematic, 10 figure 4.8. 4.1 Index of real GDP per capita 1970–2001 (PPP USD) 4.2 Relative weight of high- and medium high-technology manufacturing employment in different countries 2001 14 THE SWEDISH NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM 1970–2003
4.3 Real percentage growth in manufacturing value added 1971–2001 4.4 Relative weight of knowledge-intensive service employment in different countries 2001 4.5 Swedish manufacturing trade in different industries 2001 4.6 Number of employees in Sweden and abroad in the 20 largest Swedish industrial groups 2001 THE SWEDISH NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM 1970–2003 15
Page 1 and 2: V I N NOVA A NA LYSIS VA 2 0 0 4 :1
Page 3 and 4: The present study is part of a larg
Page 5 and 6: 1 Introduction The purpose of this
Page 7 and 8: I. CONCLUDING ANALYSIS THE SWEDISH
Page 9 and 10: Innovation system competitiveness T
Page 11 and 12: 3 Innovation Policy Challenges The
Page 13 and 14: II. INNOVATION SYSTEM COMPETITIVENE
Page 15: of labour between the large industr
Page 19 and 20: 5 Job Creation The Swedish national
Page 21 and 22: 5.2 Employment for men and women in
Page 23 and 24: 6 Innovation Competitiveness The co
Page 25 and 26: 6.1 Multi-factor productivity growt
Page 27 and 28: III. TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE PERFORM
Page 29 and 30: 7.1 Number of patents in the USA (U
Page 31 and 32: 8.1 Scientific publications in inte
Page 33 and 34: 9 Business Innovation Activities Th
Page 35 and 36: 9.1 Business R&D investments in rel
Page 37 and 38: special compilations of R&D data fr
Page 39 and 40: 11 Interaction Patterns Since World
Page 41 and 42: Compared to most other industries,
Page 43 and 44: 11.5 Co-operation arrangements on i
Page 45 and 46: 12 R&D Structures The Swedish natio
Page 47 and 48: 13 Human Resources The Swedish nati
Page 49 and 50: 13.1 Percentage of active populatio
Page 51 and 52: VI. FINANCING AND INCENTIVE STRUCTU
Page 53 and 54: Switzerland and Turkey show similar
Page 55 and 56: 15 Seed-financing and Venture Capit
Page 57 and 58: 16 Incentive Structures During the
Page 59 and 60: 16.1 Gross government deficits in r
Page 61 and 62: Notes 1 OECD, Economic Surveys, Swe
Page 63 and 64: Bibliography Andersson, T., Globali
Page 65: Williamson, O., The Economic Instit

The Swedish National Innovation System 1970-2003 - Vinnova

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?