Apple Orchard 1980 Fall v1n2 reduced

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PAGE 4 THE APPLE ORCHARD FALL 1980 INTERNATIONAL APPLE CORE Officers Ken Silverman President (415) 878-9171 Michael Weinstock Vice-President (516) 360-0988 Dave Gordon Treasurer (213) 384-0579 Joe Budge Secretary (919) 229-6037 Regional Directors I ' 178 - AN APPLE OUCHA~D. Jon R. Lawrence (north) (313) 534-2433 Harlan G. Felt (north) (312) 447-6267 Jerry Vitt (south) (214) 369-7660 Scott Knaster (south) (303) 355-2379 Bernie Urban (east) (301) 229-3458 Tony Cerreta (east) (914) 636-3417 Joe Alinsky (west) (213) 703-1894 Fred Wilkinson (west) (415) 585-2240 Vol. 1, No. 2 Entire Contents Copyright© 1980 by International Apple Corps P.O . Box 976, Daly City, CA 95017 Fall 1980 Val J. Golding ................................... Editor Ken Silverman ........... ... . ........... Assistant Editor Patricia Boner ........................ Editorial Assistant Kathryn Hallgrimson .... . .. ... .. . ..... Editorial Assistant Larry Danielson ...................... Shipping Manager Vic Warren Design ....... ... ............. Cover Design Buck Evans .................... Apple Orchard Postcard Grawin Publications . ....... . ........... . ... Production ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVES Grawin Publications 1020 Lloyd Building Seattle, WA 98101 (206) 223-0861 SUBSCRIPTIONS Apple Orchard Subscriptions P.O . Box 2227 Seattle, WA 98111 $10/year - Published Quarterly International Directors Neil Bennett 55 Clarance St. Sydney, Australia 2000 Au by Mandell 409 Queen St. W. Toronto, Ont. Canada M5V 2A5 Wolfgang Dederichs Auf Drenhausen 2 4320 Hattingen, West Germany Committee Chairman Apple Fair Bob Ramsdell (617) 742-6100 Apple Orchard Val J. Golding (206) 932-6588 Constitution & Bylaws Ken Silverman (415) 878-9171 Education SIG Ted Perry (916) 961-7776 Ham Radio SIG James E. Hassler, (307) 632-4934 WB7TRQ Handicapped SIG Bernie Urban (301) 229-3458 l.A.C. Software Neil Lipson (215) 356-6183 Legal SIG Butch Clayton (803) 884-5370 Medical SIG Dr. Larry L Stoneburner (714) 953-9151 Newsletter Exchange David Alpert (312) 295-6078 Newsletter Library Maj. Terry N. Taylor New Club Assistance Randy Fields (415) 775-7965 Standards Mark Robbins (303) 750-5813 Telecommunciations Craig Vaughn IN THIS ISSUE President's Corner IAC Sponsoring Members PRINT FRE(ed) Select One Hi-Res Graphics: Resolving the Resolution Myth Mysterious Orange Vertical Line Understanding Hi-Res Graphics Color 21 IAC Member Club Roster Contact Section A Look Inside the Apple Ill ASCII, EBCDIC And The Apple DOS Append Fix F.C.C. And The Apple Pascal Operand Formats Auto-Run Apple Applewriter Mod DOS Toolkit Ken Silverman 3 3 Val J. Golding 5 Val J. Golding 6 Bob Bishop 7 Pete Rowe 11 Loy Spurlock 12 Darrell Aldrich 21 23 Barry Yarkoni 29 John Crossley 31 31 32 Jo Kellner 38 42 43 45 Inside Initialization Joseph H. Budge 49 Locksmythe and The Dedicated Programmer Linking Machine Language Common Access Source Files Don't Overload Your Apple Advertiser's Index What Is A User Group To All Programmers Scot Kamins 54 61 61 Ken Silverman 67 71 Dan Buchler 71 Neil D. Lipson 71
FALL 1980 THE APPLE ORCHARD PAGE 5 One of the advantages of being an editor is that one can sit down at a typewriter and start banging away at the keys on almost any subject under the sun and be assured, within reasonable limits, that it will see print. Is it possible that within a three year period we can shed a nostalgic tear for the "good old days" We were fortunate to have been at the reins during the formative periods of two major forces, each of which in their own unique ways have become most influential in the world of Apple computing. Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange was among the pioneer Apple user groups that have subsequently matured to produce sophisticated software and a leading national magazine for its membership, an accomplishment still under way today. International Apple Core, publishers of this magazine, the Apple Orchard, sprang from an idea to a nearly full blown operation in a matter of just a few months. Both organizations are slowly but surely overcoming the problems of growing pains. Both organizations are devoted to serving the needs of their respective memberships, but here the resemblance ends, and the goals of each, it will be seen, are widely divergent. A.P.P.L.E. is a single user group composed of over 4000 individual members; 1.A.C. is a group whose membership consists of over 150 different user GROUPS, scattered around the world. Its goals too, in the final analysis, are to serve the needs of individual Apple users, but through the medium of Apple user GROUPS. l.A.C. is structured to be responsive to individuals through their clubs, and through regional representation. Many of the l.A.C. services are either free or on a cost plus basis. Free software is provided to member clubs, which they in turn may distribute to their PRINT FRE ( ed) by Val J. Golding members on their own terms. Frequent mailings of application notes, furnished to IAC by Apple Computer, Inc. and others who manufacture/distribute Apple related products are made to member clubs. Again, the further dissemination of this information to their membership is at the discretion of the individual member clubs. Through the pages of the Apple Orchard, the 1.A.C. hopes to encourage readers and new Apple owners to join a local user group. To this end, you will find a list of names and addresses of current member groups elsewhere in this issue. Many of these local groups publish their own newsletters and offer other benefits such as group purchases of products and the opportunity to discuss technical and programming problems· on a face to face basis. Thanks to the efforts of the pioneer user groups, Original Apple Corps, San Francisco Apple Core, Apple Pugetsound and others, much of what we today recognize as "common knowledge" was not always the case. Many of the members of early groups literally spent hours of research, seeking out and publishing data that was not available in the early and skimpy documentation published by Apple Computer and others. The original Apple reference manual (before the " red book") was a mimeographed pamphlet of some 30 odd pages, a far cry from todays 200 page manual. The pages of the Apple Orchard are a blend of three main categories, new material contributed by individuals and/ or club members, · material that has previously been printed in one of the low circulation club newsletters that is deserving of a much wider distribution, and material supplied by Apple Computer, Inc. in the areas of utility and reference material and promotional items. It should be emphasized also that the l.A.C., and in turn, the Apple Orchard, is under no obligation to Apple Computer or any other manufacturer, and in fact receives no direct financial support, other than that falling under the heading of sponsoring members. The entire premise upon which l.A.C. funds its various operations is through revenues created by sales of Apple Orchard magazines and advertising. Therefore, the 1.A.C. must rely heavily on its member clubs to furnish us with suitable material, both original and reprint, that can be included in forthcoming issues of the Apple Orchard. Upon request, a modest page rate for published articles will be paid, but we also urge authors to consider their material as contributions. What has happened between the "good old days" and the here and now In 1977 the Apple II arrived on the scene among the lmsai, Sol, Southwest Technical and other micros, but with a difference. It heralded the beginning of an era where one could simply walk into a computer store, much as one goes to a television or appliance store, look over a few models, make a decision, take it home, plug it in and start using it. We believe its original purpose was a game machine, such as todays Atari and others. In fact, Steve Wozniak's original handwritten notes for Integer Basic called it "Game Basic" . But Woz and Steve Jobs never counted on the Apple ll's achieving the tremendous success and popularity that ir· has. When Apple obtained Applesoft I from Microsoft, Inc., people first became aware of the tremendous potential of the Apple 11 as a games/ household/ business computer, and it took off, to be followed eventually by the Apple Ill, a moderately priced, sophisticated business computer, and which will shortly be followed by an Apple IV (although it will not be known by that name), a machine that in many respects may invite comparison with a 370. Would we, if we had our (continued on page 6)
Page 1 and 2: IN THIS ISSUE. APPLElll . IS HERE!
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