Geant4 Simulations for the Radon Electric Dipole Moment Search at

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Meson Facility, is built around a 500 MeV protoncyclotron which provides simultaneously extracted beams with various intensities. Beams of rare isotopes are produced at the Isotope Separator and ACcelerator (ISAC) facility at TRIUMF. The ISAC facility uses an Isotope Separation On-Line (ISOL) technique to produce the Rare- Isotope Beams (RIBs). The ISOL system consists of a primary production beam of 500 MeV protons with an intensity up to 100 µA, a primary production target/ion source, a high-resolution mass separator and beam transport system. The production of a RIB at ISAC begins with the target and ion-source modules, which are housed two floors below the experimental hall and encased in layers of steel and concrete shielding. A schematic of the ISAC facility is shown in Figure 2.1. The beam of 500 MeV protons bombards thick layered-foil targets and produce a variety of exotic nuclides through spallation reactions. Heating the production target causes the reaction products diffuse through the target material. Once outside the target, a coupled ion source removes one or more electrons from the atoms, creating ions which can be directed and accelerated electromagnetically. In principle, any bound nuclide with proton (Z) and neutron (N) numbers less than or equal to those of the target material can be produced. However, the division of proton and neutrons in the spallation products are statistically distributed, favouring the production of isotopes with N/Z ratios similar to that of the target material, with decreasing production yields for more exotic isotopes with either larger proton or large neutron excess. In addition, specific ion sources are most efficient at ionizing particular elements. The efficiencyofthecombinationoftargetandionsourceislargelydependent onelemental chemistry. For example, alkai metal elements are readily ionized through a surface ion source, whereas the noble gas Rn isotopes of interest for the RnEDM experiment will require either a FEBIAD (forced electron beaminduced arcdischarge) oranECR 12
Figure 2.1: A schematic of the ISAC-I Hall at TRIUMF illustrating the locations of: the accelerated proton beam, the target ion-source modules, high-resolution mass separator, beam transport system and the RnEDM apparatus. (electron cyclotron resonance) ion source. The ionized products are sent to a high-resolution mass separator, which selects nuclei of a specific charge-to-mass ratio according to the classical expression, √ r = 1 2m∆V , (2.1) B q where r is the radius of the circular orbit, B is the applied magnetic field, m is the mass of the ionized product (proportional to its mass number A), q is the charge and ∆V is the voltage difference between the ion source and the mass separator. The voltage difference between the ion source and the mass separator at ISAC is between 30 and 60 kV, therefore a singly-charged ion beam has an energy between 30 and 13
Page 1 and 2: GEANT4 SIMULATIONS FOR THE RADON EL
Page 3 and 4: Dictated but not read. i
Page 5 and 6: Contents Acknowledgements ii 1 Intr
Page 7 and 8: 4 Results 60 4.1 γ-Ray Spectroscop
Page 9 and 10: List of Figures 1.1 An illustration
Page 11 and 12: Chapter 1 Introduction Thesearchfor
Page 13 and 14: ˆP ր ˆT ց Figure 1.1: An illust
Page 15 and 16: 1.1.1 CP Violation Following the ob
Page 17 and 18: Figure 1.2: Experimental upper limi
Page 19 and 20: Figure 1.3: Illustration of the dou
Page 21: Chapter 2 RnEDM Experiment at TRIUM
Page 25 and 26: a measurement cell. The RnEDM exper
Page 27 and 28: NMR techniques, and supplementing s
Page 29 and 30: Occupied Orbitals Fine Structure Hy
Page 31 and 32: energy levels are separated accordi
Page 33 and 34: (σ + ) along the axis of the B fie
Page 35 and 36: atom and absorbed by another. Radia
Page 37 and 38: anaverageof120kHzphotopeakcountrate
Page 39 and 40: Figure 2.7: One GRIFFIN/TIGRESS HPG
Page 41 and 42: (a) One GRIFFIN detector in the HPG
Page 43 and 44: 3.1 Introduction 3.1.1 Previous Wor
Page 45 and 46: energies, branching ratios, emissio
Page 47 and 48: used around the measurement cell in
Page 49 and 50: 3.2.5 Simulated Data Thecodewaswrit
Page 51 and 52: lower its total energy. Internal co
Page 53 and 54: 10000 1000 2 χ red = 1.21 t 1/2 =
Page 55 and 56: as [47] I(E) = G 2π 3 7 c 6 | M i
Page 57 and 58: was to use an average X-ray energy
Page 59 and 60: 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 P = 100% P = 75% P
Page 61 and 62: where (a b c d | e f) are Clebsch-G
Page 63 and 64: 2 2 1.5 J i = 5/2, J f = 5/2 J i =
Page 65 and 66: of radius 10 cm, allowing the GRIFF
Page 67 and 68: (a) Screenshot showing the detector
Page 69 and 70: 3.6.2 Output Data and Sort Codes Th
Page 71 and 72: (user-defined option), secondly toa
Page 73 and 74:
30 Absolute Efficiency (%) 25 20 15
Page 75 and 76:
11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1e+06 Cou
Page 77 and 78:
4.2.1 Multipolarity Effects The sha
Page 79 and 80:
Figure 4.7: The time projections an
Page 81 and 82:
distribution, this average intensit
Page 83 and 84:
Table 4.1: The fit results for the
Page 85 and 86:
12 10 linear regression: y = 0.2243
Page 87 and 88:
15 Linear Counts (e+04) 10 5 0 1e+0
Page 89 and 90:
Chapter 5 Conclusions and Future Di
Page 91 and 92:
simulated given sufficient parent a
Page 93 and 94:
Appendix A Figure A.1: Simulated de
Page 95 and 96:
Figure A.3: Simulated decay scheme
Page 97 and 98:
Figure A.5: Simulated decay scheme
Page 99 and 100:
6 out = (1/(1+∆ˆ2))*(f(k,jf,L1,L
Page 101 and 102:
44 return; 45 end 46 if abs(m) > j
Page 103 and 104:
1 % LegendreP.m 2 function P = Lege
Page 105 and 106:
39 xx(i+1,j+1) = r(i+1,1)*sin((i*re
Page 107 and 108:
11 %warning('m1 + m2 + m3 must equa
Page 109 and 110:
23 end 24 % ////////// 25 j1 = J1;
Page 111 and 112:
33 if L1 == L2 && ∆ == 0 34 title
Page 113 and 114:
Bibliography [1] J. M. Pendlebury a
Page 115 and 116:
[25] P. G. Bricault, M. Dombsky, Je
Page 117:
[47] RichardA.Dunlap. An introducti
show all

Geant4 Simulations for the Radon Electric Dipole Moment Search at

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?