Geant4 Simulations for the Radon Electric Dipole Moment Search at

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Absolute Efficiency (%) 15 10 5 µMetal Thickness 0.10 cm 0.25 cm 0.50 cm 0.75 cm 1.00 cm 0 100 1000 10000 γ-ray Energy (keV) Figure 4.3: Geant4 generated absolute efficiency curves for a ring of eight GRIFFIN detectors in the highest efficiency mode (forward configuration) including the full RnEDM setup (EDM cell, oven and magnet) with various thicknesses of µMetal. Timing information was extracted from γ-ray energy-time matrices. Figure 4.4(b) illustrates a three-dimensional view of a small energy and time slice for one detector in the simulation presented in Figure 4.4(a). The dimension of the γ-ray energy-time matrices were 4096 by 4096, where the γ-ray energies were binned into 1 keV bins resulting in a maximum energy of about 4.1 MeV. The resolution of the time bins was flexible and thus optimized for the length of each simulation. Generally the times were binned into 10 ms, resulting in just over 40 seconds of simulation time. 4.2 Frequency Signal The frequency signal can be clearly seen in the three-dimensional Figure 4.4(b). To generate a spectrum of this signal, energy gates were placed around the γ-ray 64
11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1e+06 Counts (e+05) 1e+05 Linear Logarithmic Counts 10000 1000 100 10 1 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 γ-ray Energy (keV) (a) (b) Figure 4.4: a) γ-ray energy spectrum and b) γ-ray energy-time matrix from the β decay of 1.2 billion 223 Rn nuclei from an initial 8×10 10 nuclei located inside the EDM cell surround by a ring of eight GRIFFINdetectors. The EDM cell, oven, magnet and 1 mm of µMetal shielding were included in the simulation. The initial polarization was 100% and both the spin-relaxation (T 1 ) and the spin-decoherence (T 2 ) times were simulated to be 30 seconds, resulting in a combined depolarization time of 15 seconds. 65
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GEANT4 SIMULATIONS FOR THE RADON EL
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Dictated but not read. i
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Contents Acknowledgements ii 1 Intr
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4 Results 60 4.1 γ-Ray Spectroscop
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List of Figures 1.1 An illustration
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Chapter 1 Introduction Thesearchfor
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ˆP ր ˆT ց Figure 1.1: An illust
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1.1.1 CP Violation Following the ob
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Figure 1.2: Experimental upper limi
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Figure 1.3: Illustration of the dou
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Chapter 2 RnEDM Experiment at TRIUM
Page 23 and 24: Figure 2.1: A schematic of the ISAC
Page 25 and 26: a measurement cell. The RnEDM exper
Page 27 and 28: NMR techniques, and supplementing s
Page 29 and 30: Occupied Orbitals Fine Structure Hy
Page 31 and 32: energy levels are separated accordi
Page 33 and 34: (σ + ) along the axis of the B fie
Page 35 and 36: atom and absorbed by another. Radia
Page 37 and 38: anaverageof120kHzphotopeakcountrate
Page 39 and 40: Figure 2.7: One GRIFFIN/TIGRESS HPG
Page 41 and 42: (a) One GRIFFIN detector in the HPG
Page 43 and 44: 3.1 Introduction 3.1.1 Previous Wor
Page 45 and 46: energies, branching ratios, emissio
Page 47 and 48: used around the measurement cell in
Page 49 and 50: 3.2.5 Simulated Data Thecodewaswrit
Page 51 and 52: lower its total energy. Internal co
Page 53 and 54: 10000 1000 2 χ red = 1.21 t 1/2 =
Page 55 and 56: as [47] I(E) = G 2π 3 7 c 6 | M i
Page 57 and 58: was to use an average X-ray energy
Page 59 and 60: 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 P = 100% P = 75% P
Page 61 and 62: where (a b c d | e f) are Clebsch-G
Page 63 and 64: 2 2 1.5 J i = 5/2, J f = 5/2 J i =
Page 65 and 66: of radius 10 cm, allowing the GRIFF
Page 67 and 68: (a) Screenshot showing the detector
Page 69 and 70: 3.6.2 Output Data and Sort Codes Th
Page 71 and 72: (user-defined option), secondly toa
Page 73: 30 Absolute Efficiency (%) 25 20 15
Page 77 and 78: 4.2.1 Multipolarity Effects The sha
Page 79 and 80: Figure 4.7: The time projections an
Page 81 and 82: distribution, this average intensit
Page 83 and 84: Table 4.1: The fit results for the
Page 85 and 86: 12 10 linear regression: y = 0.2243
Page 87 and 88: 15 Linear Counts (e+04) 10 5 0 1e+0
Page 89 and 90: Chapter 5 Conclusions and Future Di
Page 91 and 92: simulated given sufficient parent a
Page 93 and 94: Appendix A Figure A.1: Simulated de
Page 95 and 96: Figure A.3: Simulated decay scheme
Page 97 and 98: Figure A.5: Simulated decay scheme
Page 99 and 100: 6 out = (1/(1+∆ˆ2))*(f(k,jf,L1,L
Page 101 and 102: 44 return; 45 end 46 if abs(m) > j
Page 103 and 104: 1 % LegendreP.m 2 function P = Lege
Page 105 and 106: 39 xx(i+1,j+1) = r(i+1,1)*sin((i*re
Page 107 and 108: 11 %warning('m1 + m2 + m3 must equa
Page 109 and 110: 23 end 24 % ////////// 25 j1 = J1;
Page 111 and 112: 33 if L1 == L2 && ∆ == 0 34 title
Page 113 and 114: Bibliography [1] J. M. Pendlebury a
Page 115 and 116: [25] P. G. Bricault, M. Dombsky, Je
Page 117: [47] RichardA.Dunlap. An introducti
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