ConflictBarometer_2012

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SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 2011. Altogether, 62 percent of all conflicts included the use of violence and twenty percent were highly violent. In 2011, 57 percent of all conflicts included the use of violent means, and approx. fourteen percent were highly violent. As in the previous year, the most frequent conflict items in Sub-Saharan Africa were resources with 27 cases, often combined with national power (30 cases) or subnational predominance (23 cases). Two cases of successful coup d’états were observed in Sub- saharan Africa [1 Mali (coup plotters), Guinea-Bissau (coup plotters)]. In three out of eight wars, Islamist militants were direct actors. The affected countries were Mali and Nigeria in West Africa and Somalia in East Africa. In at least twelve countries of the African continent, Islamist groups were directly involved in violent conflicts. Observations over the last several years showed an increase in cooperation between different Islamist groups all over the continent. Reportedly, scores of fighters from neighbouring countries joined the Islamist groups in Mali in their fight against the government. Most active groups in Mali, namely Ansar al-Din and Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa were closely linked to al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM). AQIM also allegedly cooperated with Boko Haram in Nigeria and al-Shabaab in Somalia. In Central Africa, several violent conflicts were related to a lack of state structures, e.g. CAR (rebel groups), DR Congo (CNDP/M23) and DR Congo (FDLR). In the DR Congo, the former CNDP rebels accused the government in Kinshasa of neglecting the Kivu provinces and not adhering to the 2009 peace agreement. Consequently, a new, well-equipped rebel group formed and quickly took over parts of Nord Kivu province, ultimately forcing the government to submit to negotiations. The conflict gained an international dimension due to M23 being allegedly supported by Rwanda and, to a lesser extent, by Uganda. A similar pattern could be observed in the Central African Republic. Different rebel groups formed the new coalition Séléka and swiftly occupied more than half of the country, with the government agreeing to talks by the end of the year. Several conflicts were fought out between different ethnic groups, among these the wars Nigeria (Farmers - Pastoralists) and South Sudan (inter-ethnic violence). 30
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Conflicts in sub-Saharan Africa in <strong>2012</strong> Angola (FLEC/ Cabinda)* Angola (UNITA) Angola – DR Congo* Botswana (Basarwa)* Burundi (FNL) Conflict parties 2 Conflict items Start Change 3 Intensity 4 FLEC vs. government UNITA, CASA vs. government Angola vs. DR Congo Basarwa vs. government FNL led by Agathon Rwasa, FRD- Abanyagihugu, FNL-Ubugabo burihabwa, FPM-Abatabazi vs. government secession, resources national power territory, resources system / ideology, resources national power 1975 1975 2009 1997 2005 4 5 6 1 3 1 1 3 Burundi (Hutu – Tutsi)* Burundi (opposition groups)* Burundi – Rwanda (border)* Cameroon (militants / Bakassi)* Central African Republic (rebel groups) Chad (opposition groups)* Chad (rebel groups) Comores (Anjouan, Mohéli)* Hutu vs. Tutsi UPRONA, FRODEBU, CNDD, MSD, ADC-Ikibiri vs. government Burundi vs. Rwanda BSDF vs. government APRD, CPJP, CPSK, FDPC, UFDR vs. government UNDR, UDR, et al. vs. government FPR vs. government regional government of Moheli, regional government of Anjouan vs. regional government of Grand Comore vs. national power system / ideology, national power territory secession national power national power national power, resources national power 1962 2006 1960 2006 2005 1990 2005 1997 6 5 5 1 3 1 2 4 1 4 1 CÔte d’Ivoire (opposition)* DR Congo (CNDP/M23) DR Congo (Enyele)* DR Congo (FDLR) DR Congo (FRF)* DR Congo (inter-militant violence) supporters of Gbagbo vs. government CNDP/M23 vs. government Enyele vs. government FDLR vs. government FRF vs. government FDLR, Nyatura vs. Mayi-Mayi Cheka, Raia Mutomboki, FDC vs. APCLS vs. Mayi-Mayi Shetani vs. M23 national power subnational predominance, resources subnational predominance subnational predominance, resources subnational predominance, resources subnational predominance, resources 1999 2004 2010 1997 1998 2011 4 3 6 6 3 5 1 4 1 4 Name of conflict 1 31 DR Congo (Ituri militias) DR Congo (Mayi-Mayi) DR Congo (opposition)* DR Congo – Rwanda* Equatorial Guinea - Gabon (Mbanié, Cocotier, Conga islands)* Eritrea – Djibouti (border)* Ethiopia (ARDUF) Ethiopia (OLF/ Oromiya) Ethiopia (ONLF/ Ogaden)* Ethiopia (opposition)* FRPI, FPJC, Cogai vs. government Mayi-Mayi groups vs. government UPDS et al. vs. government DR Congo vs. Rwanda Equatorial Guinea vs. Gabon Eritrea vs. Djibouti ARDUF vs. government OLF vs. government ONLF vs. government CUD, Medrek, Ginbot 7, ENDP, UDJ, WPDP, EUFF, ARDUF vs. government subnational predominance, resources subnational predominance, resources national power resources, other territory, resources territory autonomy secession secession, resources territory, other 1999 1997 1997 2002 1970 1994 1995 1973 1984 2005 5 3 6 3 5 3 4 3 3 1 1 3 3 3 3 Ethiopia – Eritrea* Gabon (opposition) Guinea (opposition)* Guinea – Bissau (coup plotters) Guinea – Bissau (opposition)* Kenya (inter-ethnic violence) Ethiopia vs. Eritrea UN, PDS, UPG, UFC vs. government UFDG et al. vs. government coup plotters vs. government opposition vs. government Borana vs. Gabra vs. Pokot vs. Turkana vs. Meru vs. Merille vs. Degodia vs. Garre vs. Orma vs. Pokomo, Samburu, territory, other national power national power national power national power subnational predominance, resources 1998 2009 2006 2009 1998 1991 5 2 3 3 3 2 4 Kenya (MRC) MRC vs. government secession 2008 5 3
Page 1 and 2: 2012 disputes non-violent crises vi
Page 5 and 6: Global Conflict Panorama
Page 7 and 8: Global Conflict Panorama political
Page 9 and 10: Global Conflict Panorama Out of 28
Page 11 and 12: Measures of Conflict Resolution
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Page 15: Measures of Conflict Resolution Cur
Page 18 and 19: EUROPE : No violent conflict : viol
Page 20 and 21: EUROPE Conflicts in europe in 2012
Page 22 and 23: EUROPE Armenia (opposition) Intensi
Page 24 and 25: EUROPE Bosnia and Herzegovina milit
Page 26 and 27: EUROPE mainly represented by the ne
Page 28 and 29: EUROPE Vedeno district, further ope
Page 30 and 31: EUROPE ment and the central governm
Page 32 and 33: SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA : No violent con
Page 36 and 37: SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Conflicts in sub
Page 38 and 39: SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Angola Intensity
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Page 44 and 45: SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA national confere
Page 46 and 47: SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA over the town, h
Page 48 and 49: SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 119. On February
Page 50 and 51: SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA of the Federal G
Page 52 and 53: SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Sudan (Darfur) I
Page 54 and 55: SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Blue Nile)]. Sou
Page 57 and 58: The Americas
Page 59 and 60: THE AMERICAS In the Americas, the t
Page 61 and 62: THE AMERICAS Conflicts in the Ameri
Page 63 and 64: THE AMERICAS Argentina - United Kin
Page 65 and 66: THE AMERICAS olent protests for edu
Page 67 and 68: THE AMERICAS and the Salvadorian pr
Page 69 and 70: THE AMERICAS Jamaica Intensity: Con
Page 71 and 72: THE AMERICAS volutionary Party (PRI
Page 73 and 74: THE AMERICAS Paraguay Intensity: Co
Page 75 and 76: Asia and Oceania
Page 77 and 78: Asia and oceania With a total of 12
Page 79 and 80: Asia and oceania Conflicts in Asia
Page 81 and 82: Asia and oceania Conflicts in Asia
Page 83 and 84: Asia and oceania Bangladesh Intensi
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Asia and oceania gion, and the gove
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Asia and oceania police station, Ba
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Asia and oceania Indonesia Intensit
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Asia and oceania and Fair Elections
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Asia and oceania Nepal Intensity: C
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Asia and oceania suicide car bomb,
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Asia and oceania to suspend judges
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Asia and oceania October 15 in Mani
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The Middle East and Maghreb
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the middle east and maghreb The tot
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The Middle East and Maghreb Conflic
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the middle east and maghreb Afghani
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the middle east and maghreb ban cla
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the middle east and maghreb industr
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the middle east and maghreb tinians
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the middle east and maghreb politic
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the middle east and maghreb the Dem
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the middle east and maghreb SyriA -
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the middle east and maghreb Yemen (
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Methodology Conflict Actors Politic
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Methodology Database CONIS The data
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: No violent conflict : violent cri
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ConflictBarometer_2012

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