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Technical Glossary
115
EPC
Engineer Procure Construct
A project delivery where one supplier assumes
total responsibility for product and project
engineering, equipment and construction
procurement, and on-site construction.
Extrusion
A continuous process in which animal feed
components are cooked under pressure in a
combination of frictional and steam heat in order
to expand the resulting product and convert
it into feed granulate. This process is very
common in the production of pet food, fish feed,
and cereals.
Fiberline
The machines and process systems involved in
converting wood chips into pulp. Process steps
can include cooking, washing, screening, knot
separation, refining, and, if required, bleaching.
Fluid bed drying
Thermal process causing free-flowing products
such as plastics, chemicals, etc., or sludges
to float due to gas or air infeed and to dry by
intensive material and heat transfer between the
fluidizing gas and the product.
Green liquor
Aqueous solution of the smelt resulting from
the burning of thickening waste liquor in the
recovery boiler. Mainly consists of sodium
carbonate and sodium sulphide.
Kraftliner
Top layer and/or intermediate layer of corrugated
or solid board.
Lime kiln
A long, slowly rotating kiln used to reburn lime
mud (calcium carbonate) to form calcium oxide,
which can be reused in recausticizing.
Linerboard
Top layer of corrugated board.
LMD-Filter
The LMD-Filter is a lime mud precoat filter
designed to achieve optimum dry solids with
excellent washing efficiency for lime mud. The
filter ensures efficient lime kiln operation at low
heat consumption. LMD stands for Lime Mud
Drying.
Market pulp
Pulp produced from wood and sold on the open
market, as opposed to that which is produced
for internal consumption by an integrated paper
mill or affiliated mill.
MDF
Medium Density Fiberboard
Board made of mechanical pulp from the refiner
process.
Mechanical pulp
A generic term describing pulp produced
by a mechanical (as opposed to a chemical)
process. Also known as ‘high-yield’ pulp as the
processes utilize a higher proportion of the raw
material (wood) than the chemical processes.
Mechanical pulp is produced using either
grinders or refiners. It is principally used in the
production of newsprint, magazine papers,
printing papers, specialty papers, tissue,
towelling, paperboard, and wallboard.
NBSK
Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft
The industry’s benchmark grade of pulp for
pricing and inventory data. Produced primarily
in Canada and the Nordic countries. Some
NBSK is also produced in the Northwestern
USA and Russia.
Nonwovens
Flat textile structure consisting of single fibers
bound together by such processes as thermal
bonding, solidification by water jet, chemical
bonding, or ultrasonic solidification. Nonwovens
contrast with paper in that they lack the
hydrogen bonds that give paper its strength.
OCC
Old Corrugated Containers
Used corrugated board and/or packaging paper.
Pickling
Process for chemical treatment of oxidized steel,
applied to obtain a clean metallic surface. Here,
the steel is dipped into a hot bath of diluted
sulphuric or hydrochloric acid.
Recausticizing
A process by which green liquor from sulphate
pulping is converted to white liquor, thus
allowing the cooking chemicals to be reused.
In recausticizing, sodium carbonate of green
liquor is converted to sodium hydroxide by using
calcium oxide. Lime mud, which is formed in
recausticizing reactions, is reburned in the lime
kiln.
Recovery boiler
An important process step in the production
of kraft pulp. A special boiler, where the black
liquor from the cooking process is burned, after
concentrating it in an evaporation process. The
residual carbon is burned and the inorganic
sodium salts are melted and recovered.
Refiner
Machine used to grind pulp between two discs.
Refiners can operate at low consistency or at
higher consistencies. At low consistencies, the
material is fed to the refiner using a pump. At
higher consistency levels, conveying devices are
used. Other refiner types are used for breaking
down wood chips into fibers.
TMP
Thermo-Mechanical Pulping
A refining process in which wood chips are
refined in a pressurized refiner. The process
can involve from one to three refining stages
in the mainline; however, two stages are most
common. The higher temperatures help soften
the chips, which results in higher pulp strength
compared to atmospherically refined pulps
(RMP). TMP relies on mechanical energy rather
than chemicals to convert wood into pulp. TMP
pulps are most commonly used in newsprint
and magazine papers.
White liquor
A strongly alkaline solution used in the cooking
(digesting) process. Mainly consists of sodium
hydroxide and sodium sulphide.
Yankee
See ’Creping dryer’.
ANDRITZ Global Top Products 2007