Nearshore Habitat Use by Juvenile Chinook Salmon in Lentic ...

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developed from results of this report as well as two earlier reports (Tabor and Piaskowski 2002, Tabor et al. 2004b). TABLE 1.-- Summary table of juvenile Chinook salmon habitat use during three time periods in Lake Washington. Summary designations are based on 2001 (Tabor and Piaskowski 2001), 2002 results (Tabor et al. 2004b) and 2003-2004 results presented in this report. (++ indicates a strong preference + indicates a slight to moderate preference; = indicates no selection (positive or negative); - indicates a slight to moderate negative selection; - - indicates a strong negative selection; indicates that no data is available; and () indicates that only preliminary data is available. Sand/gr. indicates sand and gravel. February - March April - mid-May mid-May - June Habitat variable Day Night Day Night Day Night Water column depth (m) 0.2-1.3 0.1-0.5 0.2-0.9 ()0.5-7+ ()0.2-7+ Location in water column entire bottom middle/top bottom middle/top () bottom Behavior schooled, solitary, schooled, solitary, schooled, feeding resting feeding resting feeding Distance from shore (m) 1-12 1-12 1-12 1-12 variable variable Substrate sand/gr. sand/gr. sand/gr. Slope < 20% < 20% < 20% < 20% Bulkheads - - - - Rip rap - - - - - Small woody debris + = + = Large woody debris + - = - Overhanging vegetation ++ - - + - - () = () = Overhead structures + - - () - - () - () - Emergent vegetation + + = = () = () = Aquatic marcophytes () + () () () () () Tributaries (low gradient, small ++ ++ + + + + streams, and close to natal stream) Tributary mouth ++ ++ ++ ++ + + v
Table of Contents Page SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................... ii List of Tables ................................................................................................................... vii List of Figures.................................................................................................................viii INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 1 STUDY SITE..................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1. INDEX SITES.......................................................................................... 5 CHAPTER 2. RESIDENCE TIME AND MOVEMENTS......................................... 15 CHAPTER 3. RESTORATION SITES ....................................................................... 22 CHAPTER 4. DEPTH SELECTION........................................................................... 33 CHAPTER 5. FEEDING AT TRIBUTARY MOUTHS ............................................ 38 CHAPTER 6. USE OF NONNATAL TRIBUTARIES .............................................. 54 CHAPTER 7. WOODY DEBRIS AND OVERHANGING VEGETATION EXPERIMENT ............................................................................................................... 67 CHAPTER 8. LAKE QUINAULT SURVEYS ........................................................... 72 CHAPTER 9. SURFACE OBSERVATIONS OF MIGRATING JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON IN LAKE WASHINGTON..................................................... 81 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .............................................................................................. 88 REFERENCES................................................................................................................ 89 vi
Page 1 and 2: U.S. Fish and IU.S. Wildlife FishSe
Page 3 and 4: SUMMARY In 2003 and 2004, we contin
Page 5: An overhanging vegetation/small woo
Page 9 and 10: List of Figures Figure Page FIGURE
Page 11 and 12: FIGURE 37.—Water column depth (m)
Page 13 and 14: The major tributary to Lake Washing
Page 15 and 16: Fry emerge from their redds from Ja
Page 17 and 18: FIGURE 2.—Location of index sites
Page 19 and 20: most dates (Figure 4). Unlike 2002,
Page 21 and 22: Chinook/m 2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 Wes
Page 23 and 24: 0.3 Mercer Island Chinook/m 2 0.2 0
Page 25 and 26: particularly valuable. Shoreline im
Page 27 and 28: FIGURE 8.—Map of south Lake Washi
Page 29 and 30: FIGURE 10—Map of south Lake Washi
Page 31 and 32: # of marked Chinook 40 30 20 10 0 A
Page 33 and 34: CHAPTER 3. RESTORATION SITES Introd
Page 35 and 36: Beer Sheva Park.—At Beer Sheva Pa
Page 37 and 38: Results Seward Park, 2003.—In 200
Page 39 and 40: 4 3.5 Chinook/100 m 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0
Page 41 and 42: Martha Washington Park, 2003.—In
Page 43 and 44: 120 Chinook/100 m 100 80 60 40 20 s
Page 45 and 46: snorkeling and scuba diving were co
Page 47 and 48: Water column depth (m) . 0.80 0.60
Page 49 and 50: CHAPTER 5. FEEDING AT TRIBUTARY MOU
Page 51 and 52: FIGURE 28.—Location of four south
Page 53 and 54: FIGURE 29.—Photos of sites used t
Page 55 and 56: sampling. At night, Chinook salmon
Page 57 and 58:
TABLE 5.—Diet overlap indices (C)
Page 59 and 60:
TABLE 7.—Diet overlap indices (C)
Page 61 and 62:
TABLE 10.—Diet composition of juv
Page 63 and 64:
The lack of a large difference betw
Page 65 and 66:
CHAPTER 6. USE OF NONNATAL TRIBUTAR
Page 67 and 68:
shallow to snorkel were surveyed th
Page 69 and 70:
Number of Chinook ff 700 600 500 40
Page 71 and 72:
column depth used by Chinook salmon
Page 73 and 74:
Chinook / m . 5 4 3 2 1 2003 - upst
Page 75 and 76:
TABLE 13.—Diet overlap index (C)
Page 77 and 78:
(P. Castle, WDFW, unpublished data)
Page 79 and 80:
FIGURE 41.—Placement of Scotch br
Page 81 and 82:
FIGURE 43.—Photo of a group of ju
Page 83 and 84:
CHAPTER 8. LAKE QUINAULT SURVEYS In
Page 85 and 86:
FIGURE 45.—Photos of large woody
Page 87 and 88:
Similar to April surveys, the nears
Page 89 and 90:
Chinook / 100m . 500 400 300 200 10
Page 91 and 92:
Tabor and Wurtsbaugh (1991) conclud
Page 93 and 94:
FIGURE 48.—Location of south Lake
Page 95 and 96:
FIGURE 49.—Conducting visual obse
Page 97 and 98:
FIGURE 52.—Photo of a group of ju
Page 99 and 100:
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We wish to thank He
Page 101 and 102:
workshop, Shoreline, Washington, No
Page 103 and 104:
Paron, D.G., and E. Nelson. 2001. S
Page 105 and 106:
Werner, E.E., and D.J. Hall. 1988.
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