Rangeland condition and feed resources in Metema District, North ...

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and less desirable, respectively. In the communal grazing areas, basal cover, litter cover and grass species composition are significantly (P
• Transhumance production system is increasingly leading to poor rangeland management and social conflicts over feed resources between the highlanders and lowlanders. Balance has to be established between the two systems. • Settlers and investors or any new comers to the region should be educated ahead of time about the ecological and economic importance of the natural resources base and should be regulated in terms of utilization. There should be regular campaigns of tree planting. • Absence of adequate baseline information about the rangeland resources, unsynchronized seasonal availability of feed resources and cropland encroachment to the rangeland are some of the main constraints of the district. Studies on rangeland management systems and improved livestock production should be initiated. • The deteriorating condition of the rangelands in Metema should be reversed through rangeland rehabilitation, proper management and clearly demarcated land use system of the natural grazing lands. • Provision of integrated extension service is required on range management, feed resources development and management and training on feed collection, storage, and proper feeding systems. • Balancing grazer and browser livestock species is essential in order to keep ecological balance as well as to increase livestock productivity. • Introduction of dual purpose food–feed crops such as sorghum species should be considered. • The influence of different sub-habitats of woody plants (under canopy, between canopies) on herbaceous species composition and diversity, biomass production and their influence on livestock productivity should be studied. 59
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www.ipms-ethiopia.org www.eap.gov.e
Page 3 and 4:
Authors’ affiliations Tesfaye Des
Page 5 and 6:
4.7 Availability of natural pasture
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Table 20. Common and dominant grass
Page 9 and 10:
Abbreviations ADF ADL AEZ ANOVA ANR
Page 11 and 12:
Abstract The study was conducted in
Page 13 and 14:
1 Introduction Ethiopia, with its d
Page 15 and 16:
2 Background 2.1 Livestock resource
Page 17 and 18:
availability of rainfall. Alemayehu
Page 19 and 20: fauna composition or a transition f
Page 21 and 22: change. A change in plant compositi
Page 23 and 24: The four classes of range condition
Page 25 and 26: 2.8 Biomass estimation methods Biom
Page 27 and 28: are the Gumuz people. Until recentl
Page 29 and 30: Enclosures used as benchmark was se
Page 31 and 32: the distribution was assessed as fo
Page 33 and 34: samples for herbaceous species and
Page 35 and 36: The overall educational status of t
Page 37 and 38: Table 6. Mean ± SE land holding an
Page 39 and 40: Table 8. Livestock herd structures
Page 41 and 42: espectively, while 93.6, 4.3 2.1% r
Page 43 and 44: 4.7.2 Crop residues production and
Page 45 and 46: Table 13. Percentages of respondent
Page 47 and 48: than in P. spheslatum and C. ciliar
Page 49 and 50: of the respondents (69.3%) water th
Page 51 and 52: Table 20. Common and dominant grass
Page 53 and 54: owsing height of the animals. Accor
Page 55 and 56: Grazing types Herbaceous species Ca
Page 57 and 58: Table 25. Herbaceous species compos
Page 59 and 60: low density a decade ago, but curre
Page 61 and 62: 2004). Based on the results of this
Page 63 and 64: at the landscape scale; short tempo
Page 65 and 66: Soil compaction also directly restr
Page 67 and 68: Dry matter biomass 18000 16000 1400
Page 69: i.e. 312,300 ha, about 71% is natur
Page 73 and 74: Beruk Yemane and Tafesse Mesifin, 2
Page 75 and 76: van der Westhuizen, HC van Rensburg
Page 77 and 78: Appendix Table 2. Criteria for the
Page 79 and 80: Appendix Table 4. Herbaceous specie
Page 81 and 82: Appendix Table 5. Correlation matri
Page 87 and 88: Source: IPMS (2005). Appendix Figur
Page 89 and 90: Appendix Figure 5. Partial view of
Page 91 and 92: Appendix Figure 9. Communal grazing
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