ICT in Agriculture and Disaster Management - Bangladesh ...

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List of Tables UTUTable 1. Regions, venues, dates and Breakout Groups in Regional WorkshopsUT .....................5 TUTable 2. Number of Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) Subscribers in BangladeshT ............................................................................................................................................9U TUTable 3. Flood vulnerable areas by river basinUT......................................................................23 TUTable 4. Some important statistics of the Coastal Zone of BangladeshUT..................................27 UTTable 5. Extent of soil salinity during about last four decades (1973-2009) in coastal areasT ..29U TUTable 6. Projected changes in surface air temperature and precipitation in South Asia RegionUT..............................................................................................................................33 TUTable 7. The fluctuations of values of the parameters considered with respect to their values under base year situationUT................................................................................................35 TUTable 8. Climate Change Scenarios for Bangladesh NAPAUT...................................................35 TUTable 9. Major Findings of Need AssessmentUT .......................................................................37 TUTable 10. Outcomes of Four Regional and National WorkshopsUT ...........................................52 TTable 11. Research priorities in the field of ICT for agriculture and disaster managementT...59U List of Figures TUFigure 1. Sub-sectoral Contributions to Agricultural GDPUT ......................................................1 TUFigure 2. Share of Stakeholders participation in Regional WorkshopsUT....................................5 TUFigure 3. Growth of Internet users in Bangladesh.UT...................................................................8 TUFigure 4. Mobile Phone Subscribers by Various OperatorsUT .....................................................9 TUFigure 5. Maps showing Flood prone areas and extent of historical flood of 1998UT................23 TUFigure 6. Maps showing Drought prone areas in different crop growing seasons.UT...............26 TUFigure 7. Soil salinity maps of 1973, 2000 and 2009UT...............................................................28 TUFigure 8. Cyclone prone zone of BangladeshUT ........................................................................29 TUFigure 9. The Disaster Management CycleUT.............................................................................47 viii
TICT in Agriculture and Disaster Management Executive Summary The economy of Bangladesh is based on agriculture, industry and services. The agriculture sector contributes a major share in the GDP, which is about 20.0% and employs about 48.07% of the working force. According to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Bangladesh will be one of the worst victims of climate change. Sea level will be increased due to rise in temperature and the frequency of cyclone-storms will also be increased. As a result, food security will be in jeopardy and different types of natural calamities will put lives at risk. On top of these, high population density in will make the problem more serious. The people of Bangladesh have been adapting to the risks of floods, droughts and cyclones for centuries. Heavy reliance of rural people on agriculture and natural resources increases their vulnerability to climate change. Therefore, supporting rural and urban communities to strengthen their resilience and to adaptation to climate change will remain a high priority in coming decades. Disaster management, climate change and other related issues in agriculture are crosscutting in nature. All the sub-sectors of agriculture are vulnerable to natural hazards, shocks and stresses. Although, all the sub-sectors might not be impacted equally, but it is likely that some would be more susceptible. Basically, Information Communication Technology (ICT) is a tool that can be used for many different purposes and fields. ICT plays a vital crosscutting enabler role in addressing many problems. This tool can be used in solving problems, increasing efficiency and providing effective service delivery in agriculture and disaster management. The proposed National ICT Policy-2008 of Bangladesh states that ICT is one of the most important tools to achieve economic prosperity of a country through improving the management and efficiency in every sphere of life. Although, computer was introduced in Bangladesh more that 50 years ago, application of ICT in agriculture initiated only in 1979 when the FAO/UNDP Agricultural Development Advisor Project was undertaken by the Ministry of Agriculture. Under this project the information on landforms, soils, inundation regime and climate were computerized during 1980-86. As follow up of this, several ICT initiatives were undertaken, especially at BARC and SRDI and the outputs of these were used for agricultural research, development and extension. Services are being provided to the Ministry of Agriculture and other Ministries, various NARS institutes, and extension agencies, Universities, International Organizations, and GOs and NGOs by catering to their needs. Media is emerging as an important instrument to disseminate the knowledge, success story and technology. Both electronic and print media are organizing regular programs on agriculture and much awareness has developed among the policy makers and growers. Extension service may be strengthened with the help of ICT at the grassroots level. Public private collaboration may be established for quick dissemination of agricultural technology. Bangladesh has made reasonable progress in meeting the Millennium Development Goal 8’s indicators 8.14, 8.15 and 8.16. ICT services like telephone services have increased remarkably in the country with the wider use of cellular phones. However, the growth of land phones ix
Page 2 and 3: Sectoral Study in connection with t
Page 4 and 5: FAO FAP FCD FD FFWC GCM GDP GIS GMS
Page 6 and 7: CONTENTS TUAbbreviations and Acrony
Page 10 and 11: was steady. Internet services are m
Page 12 and 13: 1. Introduction Bangladesh is one t
Page 14 and 15: community radio etc. The government
Page 16 and 17: dealers, etc), Others included part
Page 18 and 19: those who are against consider it a
Page 20 and 21: Mobile Communications There are six
Page 22 and 23: Those who are involved with agricul
Page 24 and 25: A concerted action plan to enhance
Page 26 and 27: development programme largely depen
Page 28 and 29: future needs of the nation. The pro
Page 30 and 31: implementing the project activities
Page 32 and 33: ii. Key national , district, Upazil
Page 34 and 35: According to the extent of damage i
Page 36 and 37: water deficit are particularly seve
Page 38 and 39: FAO Available reports show that the
Page 40 and 41: Table 5. Extent of soil salinity du
Page 42 and 43: though climatologists have put much
Page 44 and 45: Regional Increasingly reliable regi
Page 46 and 47: under base year situation (Table 7)
Page 48 and 49: 7. ICT Applications Bangladesh Curr
Page 50 and 51: e-Information Center based ‘Batig
Page 52 and 53: facilitated the emergence of a rang
Page 54 and 55: extent, depth, and timing of inunda
Page 56 and 57: GIS at SRDI Soil Resources Developm
Page 58 and 59:
establish acceptable thresholds of
Page 60 and 61:
The Flood Forecasting and Warning C
Page 62 and 63:
v. Internet connectivity and email
Page 64 and 65:
Problems/Issues Poultry Poultry Res
Page 66 and 67:
Problems/Issues in soil moisture du
Page 68 and 69:
Problems/Issues Jute: Appearance of
Page 70 and 71:
9. Priorities in ICT for Agricultur
Page 72 and 73:
Problems/Issues Research Title/ Key
Page 74 and 75:
11. References Abedin S.M.Z. (2009)
Page 76 and 77:
FIPA (International Federation of A
Page 78 and 79:
Reuters (2010). Disaster-prone Bang
Page 80 and 81:
Annex-1 Terms of Reference (ToR) of
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