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Cross-Border Risks in the Baltic Sea Region: Lessons to ... - Helsinki.fi

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Contents<br />

Eurobaltic<br />

Foreword<br />

1. Introduction 7<br />

2. Def<strong>in</strong>ition of <strong>Cross</strong>-<strong>Border</strong> <strong>Risks</strong> 8<br />

2.1. International Assistance <strong>in</strong> Case of <strong>Cross</strong>-<strong>Border</strong> <strong>Risks</strong> 9<br />

2.1.1. European Community Mechanism 9<br />

2.1.2. Oil Spills 10<br />

3. <strong>Cross</strong>-<strong>Border</strong> <strong>Risks</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Baltic</strong> <strong>Sea</strong> <strong>Region</strong> 13<br />

3.1. Natural Disasters 14<br />

3.2. Technological Disasters 14<br />

3.3. Oil Spills 15<br />

4. Some Examples of Emergency Situations <strong>in</strong> Case of <strong>Cross</strong>-<strong>Border</strong><br />

<strong>Risks</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Baltic</strong> <strong>Sea</strong> <strong>Region</strong> 15<br />

4.1. Denmark 15<br />

4.1.1. Oil Pollution from <strong>the</strong> "<strong>Baltic</strong> Carrier" <strong>in</strong><br />

Groensund 2001 and "Fu Shan Hai" <strong>in</strong> 2003 16<br />

4.2. Es<strong>to</strong>nia 16<br />

4.2.1. <strong>Lessons</strong> Learned from an Oil Spill and<br />

Accidents at Seveso II Enterprises 16<br />

4.3. F<strong>in</strong>land 17<br />

4.4. Germany 17<br />

4.5. Latvia 18<br />

4.5.1. Experiences from Pollution Accidents 18<br />

4.6. Lithuania 19<br />

4.6.1. The Nemunas Oil Spills Exercise (NOSE) 20<br />

4.7. Norway 20<br />

4.8. Poland 20<br />

4.9. The Russian Federation 21<br />

4.10. Sweden 22<br />

4.10.1. "Prestige-Accident" <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> S<strong>to</strong>ckholm Archipelago 22<br />

5. Conclusions: <strong>Lessons</strong> <strong>to</strong> be Learned 22<br />

6. Recommendations 24<br />

7. References 25

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