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Table 1— Generic composites of various lamp and ballast combinations. Initial Initial task End of Life EOL task System phototopic modified Rated life Lumen task modi- modified System watts lumens lumens (hours) maintenance fied lumens lm/W 400 W standard 22 CRI HPS lamp & ballast 465 50000 34500 24000 70% 24150 52 400 W color improved 65 CRI HPS lamp & ballast 465 37500 37500 15000 75% 28125 60 360 W standard 22CRI HPS energy saving lamp & ballast 420 47500 32760 24000 70% 22930 55 400 W standard 65 CRI metal halide lamp & ballast 455 39000 53040 20000 60% 31820 70 360 W standard 65 CRI metal halide energy saving lamp & ballast 415 37000 50320 20000 55% 27676 67 320 W pulse start metal halide lamp & ballast with ignitor 350 32000 43520 20000 75% 32640 93 350 W pulse start metal halide lamp and ballast with ignitor 385 37000 50320 20000 75% 37740 98 400 W pulse start metal halide lamp & ballast with ignitor 440 41000 55760 20000 75% 41820 95 350 W pulse start metal halide lamp and electronic ballast 365 37000 50320 25000+ 85% 42772 117 400 W pulse start metal halide lamp and electronic ballast 415 41000 55760 25000+ 85% 47396 114 Eight 42 W triple-loop 841 fluorescent lamps and 1.00 BF electronic ballasts 392 25600 37380 10000 85% 31775 81 Eight 32 W triple-loop 841 fluorescent lamps and 0.90 BF electronic ballasts 268 17200 25230 10000 85% 21450 80 Six 40 W biaxial 841 fluorescent lamps and 0.96 BF electronic ballasts 220 18144 26490 20000 89% 23050 105 Four 55 W biaxial 841 fluorescent lamps & two 0.95 BF electronic ballasts 234 18150 26890 12000 87% 23390 100 Nine F32T8 841 fluorescent lamps & 1.18 BF electronic ballasts 339 31350 45740 24000 93% 42540 125 Eight F32T8 850 fluorescent lamps & 1.18 BF electronic ballasts 305 27850 44560 20000 93% 41440 136 Six F32T8 850 3100 lumen fluorescent lamps & 1.18 BF electronic ballasts 225 21950 35120 24000 93% 32660 145 Four 54 W 841 T5 HO fluorescent lamps & two 1.0 BF electronic ballasts 230 20000 29120 16000 95% 27740 121 Two 150 W 41K inductively coupled electrodeless lamps and ballasts 314 24000 34940 100000 64% 22362 71 • It is difficult to obtain MH lumen maintenance data because of large variations. Numbers are rounded off. You can plug in specific values and calculate with lamps and ballasts of your choice. There is a wide range of MH ballasts — CWA, modified CWA, reactor, high reactance autotransformer and regulated lag, electronic, etc. • HID lamp life is based on 10 hours/start and 50 percent mortality. At 120 hours/start, HID lamp life is longer— many pulse start lamps are rated for up to 30,000 hours. At 120–hour cycles, Hubbell claims standard 400 W MH lamps will last 40,000 hours and have 90 percent lumen maintenance when operated by their Howard/Hubbell Electro-Reg 2.0 ballasts. • Fluorescent lamp life is based on 3 hours/start. At 12–hour cycles, fluorescent lamp life is extended 20–30 percent. At constant operation lamp life is extended 40–50 percent (extended-life F32T8 lamps average 36,000 hours at constant burn). • The amount of usable light depends on a specific fixture’s efficiency, coefficient of utilization, fixture height, and other factors. For example, if too many fluorescent lamps are crammed into a small fixture, efficiency may be poor. • This table is not intended to be comprehensive. In fact, technology is evolving so rapidly that this article may soon be outdated. • From a design standpoint the two most important columns are EOL task modified lumens/watt and rated life. • Pulse start metal halide lamp performance would be improved with a 277 V linear magnetic ballast. 6 LD+A/April 1999
A production area and warehouse had 1000 W mercury vapor high bays mounted at 18 ft. The lamps were not very depreciated. Each fixture was replaced with a gull wing 8-ft hooded industrial fixture with eight F32T8 841 lamps, two three-lamp high power 1.18 BF electronic ballasts, and one two-lamp high power 1.18 BF electronic ballast. Fixture wattage was reduced from 1075 to 302. Horizontal footcandles at floor level remained about the same, averaging 40. A major advantage of the fluorescent system is substantial increase of vertical footcandles, necessary for loading and unloading materials in shelves and racks. The main press area in the same facility had the same 1000 W mercury vapor fixtures but got new 400 W metal halide high bays with standard lamps and magnetic ballasts. This was done so maintenance could continue using a pole and cup to replace lamps in these fixtures, which had difficult access. Reed School District, Tiburon, CA The main gym had 2 x 2 surface mounted fixtures with 400 W metal halide lamps mounted at 20 ft. Each fixture was retrofitted with four 55 W bi-axial lamps, two two-lamp electronic ballasts, and custom reflector kit. The District is pleased with the lighting. Fixture wattage was reduced from 455 to 220. With instant-on and no restrike delay, the fixtures are no longer left on all day, only as needed. So kilowatthours are saved, not just kilowatts. In a typical 2 x 2 configuration, a well designed retrofit or new fixture with four 55 W bi-axial lamps can outperform a system with five 55 W bi-axial, five 50 W bi-axial, or six 40 W bi-axial lamps. Lamps need to be spaced far enough apart for reflectors to be effective. San Jose Unified School District, San Jose, CA Three gyms had 400 W HPS high bays mounted 20–25 ft high. Each fixture replaced with eight or nine F32T8 lamps in hooded industrial fixtures, reducing wattage from 465 to 305 or 340. With no warm up or restrike time, the new fixtures are turned off much more than the old fixtures, so both kilowatts and substantial kilowatt-hours have been reduced. Fairfield-Suisun Unified School District, Fairfield, CA Fairfield High School had 8 ft hooded industrial fixtures with two F96T12 VHO lamps. The District wanted more light, so each fixture was retrofitted with a hooded industrial kit, six F32T8 841 lamps, and two three-lamp high power 1.18 BF electronic ballasts. Wattage was reduced from about 450 to 224 and lighting is substantially better. Kaiser Hospital, Vallejo, CA The exterior covered loading dock area had 2 x 2 175 W metal halide troffers. Each fixture was replaced with a 2 x 2 troffer, three-lamp electronic ballast, three 40 W bi-axial lamps, and a 95 percent reflective enhanced aluminum reflector. Light levels were increased by about 20 percent. Wattage was reduced from Circle 20 on Reader Service Card.
Page 2 and 3: CONTENTS LIGHTING DESIGN INTERNATIO
Page 4 and 5: 4 LD+A/April 1999 HID (high intensi
Page 8 and 9: 210 to 101. Photocells were also in
Page 10 and 11: Color Dr. Richard Corth explains,
Page 12 and 13: P H O T O N S NOTES ON LIGHTING DES
Page 14 and 15: P H O T O N S NOTES ON LIGHTING DES
Page 16 and 17: Power Ads The advertising dynamos a
Page 18 and 19: San Francisco Shines at LIGHTFAIR S
Page 20 and 21: LIGHTFAIR Events continued from pre
Page 22 and 23: 1998 INTERNATIONAL ILLUMINATION DES
Page 24 and 25: TUNNEL VISION Located in west Paris
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Page 28 and 29: The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao is the
Page 30 and 31: (below) By highlighting the water,
Page 32 and 33: LIGHTFAIR INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR PRE
Page 42 and 43: LIGHTFAIR INTERNATIONAL LIGHT CHAT
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Page 50 and 51: efficient source for display downli

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