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Perceived Division of Labor and Work-Family Conflict Among U.S. Married and Cohabiting Women in Heterosexual Couples Genevie Co once,” 2= “married twice,” and 3= “married 3 or more times.” Current employment status was measured by a dichotomous variable: 1=currently employed (full or part time), 0= other (unemployed, retired, disabled, etc). Analysis Descriptive statistics were used to find the central tendencies of the full sample. Bivariate statistics were used to compare married and cohabiting women. Multivariate statistics (specifically logistic regression) was used to find the effect of being married or cohabiting on each of the two dependent variables, while controlling for other variables. RESULTS Table 1 shows descriptive statistics for married women, cohabiting women, and the sample as a whole. A larger percentage of married women than cohabiting women indicated that the division of labor was fair to both them and their partner. More married women indicated that they did not experience any conflict. The average household income was higher among married women (about $75,000) than cohabiting women (about $50,000). The highest level of education completed for married women was also slightly higher than the level for cohabiting women, with married women having a Bachelor’s degree and cohabiting women having an Associate’s degree on average. Married women were 10 years older than cohabiting women on average and had been with their current spouse 15 years longer than cohabiting women had been with their partners. Holding other factors constant, age had a positive relationship with perceived unfairness, although this effect was only marginally statistically significant (see Table 2). The older a woman was, the more likely she was to report an unfair division of labor. The number of times married had a negative effect, also only marginally statistically significant. Married Cohabiting All Fairness of division of labor Fair to both me and my spouse/partner 73.4% + 65.9% 69.9% Unfair to me 21.5% + 28.7% 24.9% Unfair to my spouse/partner 5.1% + 5.4% 5.2% Conflict in balancing work and family life No conflict at all 37.1% *** 24.24% 31.1% Not too much conflict 33.2% 38.2% 35.6% Some, a lot, or a great deal of conflict 29.7% *** 37.6% 33.4% Age 46.23 (10.757) *** 36.87 (12.628) 41.8 (12.573) Highest level of education completed 10.82 (1.715) *** 10.44 (1.461) 10.64 (1.61) Non-Hispanic White † 85.3%*** 73.1% 79.6% Number of times married 1.12 (.39) *** .53 (.82) .8413 (.694) Number of years together in focal relationship 24.34 (11.68) *** 10.05 (8.6) 17.58 (12.56) Household income 13.67 (2.987)*** 10.87 (4.175) 12.38 Minor children present in household †† 32.9% *** 47% 40.5% + p
Perceived Division of Labor and Work-Family Conflict Among U.S. Married and Cohabiting Women in Heterosexual Couples Genevie Co Factors B (SE) Odds Ratio Married † -.278 (.257) .757 Household Income -.02 (.026) .98 Minor children present in household †† .215 (.19) 1.24 Age .024 (.013) + 1.024 Non-Hispanic White ††† .323 (.231) 1.381 Number of times married -.279 (.166) + .756 Currently employed †††† .228 (.189) 1.256 Years together in focal relationship -.011 (.013) .989 Highest level of educational attainment -.004 (.057) .996 Constant -1.465 (.698) * .231 + p
Page 1 and 2: University of California, Riverside
Page 3 and 4: UCR Undergraduate Research Journal
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