The Eleventh Regional Wheat Workshop For Eastern ... - Cimmyt

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Spatial tools/or wheat research - Hodson et al. these barriers to the effective use of GIS. This paper describes two user-friendly spatial decision support tools that have been developed specifically to assist researchers within the sub-Saharan Africa region. Collaboration between CIMMYT's Natural Resources Group and the Characterization, Assessment and Applications Group (CAAG) at the Blackland Research and Extension Center (Temple, Texas) has resulted i.n advanced spatial tools being developed, and made accessible, to researchers in the African region. The first of these tools, namely the Africa Country Almanac (Corbett et at., 1999), represents one of the most advanced stand-alone spatial decision support tools available in the world. The second tool, the Africa Maize Research Atlas (Hodson et at., 1999; 2000), relies on freely available but commercially produced software (ArcExplorer, from Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc.) to provide access to digital spatial data. A key concept behind both the Africa Country Almanac and the Africa Maize Research Atlas is that they should represent much more than simple software packages. In this context, both systems come pre-loaded with data sets that are targeted particularly to the needs of researchers in agriculture and natural resource management. Accessibility is a key factor in the successful adoption of any new technology. A considerable amount of effort has been made to make the spatial tools described here as accessible as possible to researchers and decision-makers who are not GIS-experts. Simple intuitive user interfaces, incorporating a familiar "Microsoft Windows point and click approach", have been utilized (Fig. 1) with the aim of making these systems as accessible as spreadsheets. Experience has shown that even with a minimal amount of training - in the order of two days - complete novices to the area of GIS can grasp the fundamentals of these systems and start applying them. Prohibitive costs are another barrier to widespread accessibility, but the tools described here are currently being made available at minimum cost to bona fida researchers for non-profit uses. As for any technology, unless practical applications are found, a GIS tool will be of limited value. The GIS tools described in this paper are no exception. Several real world examples of the application of these systems to agricultural problems, particUlarly related to wheat systems, are described. These include the investigation of potential areas for the expansion of wheat production within Ethiopia, facilitating the transfer and exchange of material, technology, and/or information from existing wheat research stations, and assisting in the efficient use of resources through effective targeting. The tools described here represent "entry-level" GIS applications, and as such have an important role to play in GIS capacity building or raising spatial awareness. Many institutions now have access to advanced GIS systems that are managed by GIS specialists. However, for a GIS laboratory to provide effective support, it must have access to collaborators who are aware of the potential applications of GIS to their work. In addition, having simple low-cost systems through which the outputs of advanced spatial analysis can be widely distributed is also vital. "Entry-level" applications, such as the Africa Country Almanac and the Africa Maize Research Atlas, therefore, have an additional role to play in awareness building that goes beyond being gateways to spatial information. 217
Spatial tools for wheat research - Hodson et al. DESCRIPTION OF THE TOOLS Africa Country Almanac The Africa Country Almanac represents one of the most advanced examples of a new generation of spatial decision support tools. It has been developed by the Characterization, Assessment and Applications Group (CAAG) at the Blackland Research and Extension Center, Temple, Texas (part of the Texas A&M University System) in collaboration with the Natural Resources Group at CIMMYT. The Almanac is a stand-alone CD-ROM-based spatial decision support tool that provides decision-makers with an integrated set of spatial tools, data, and documents for a particular geographical region. a: D~ CuRUfoi tt: rJ§Z) Inhaslr\JCtlMe ~ ~0 Political . r~ 'D ~ Provnce 801.«'ld0lies ~"LJ ImI O;,trict 8ound.Yie, i!J &iJ!:ID IiI!II'I ffi {l5'il Sma! cooslol islands , !j} D llliJ Politico! BoondaJY (ino) m0llliJ Politicol Bound.oIy (po~) !tl DB DemoglopRc [;j CI6J Edaphic [ij 0 0 Ecolooicol (tj 0 151 Nc5tura! ResoUfces :B D O Hydlog'",,"c ill 0 8 Data QUdkty ~ [Jrra Ag,icult..o! iii J "10 T opog.aphic ~ D8J C~""tic ",DriB 0'" Figure 1. Africa Country Almanac Graphic User Interface. The software development team, at the Blackland Research and Extension Center, built the Almanac using a combination of Map Objects (ESRI) and Visual Basic (Microsoft). This permits a wide range of functionality and flexibility to be incorporated into the Almanac, giving users a tremendously powerful but simple spatial decision support tool. The Almanac has been designed to be essentially an open system, and for this reason standard file formats have been used throughout. All geographical data are stored in ESRI shapefile format (probably the most common GIS file format), all databases are in Microsoft Access format (a widely used database file format), and all documents are in PDF format. This use of common formats greatly facilitates the exchange of images, graphs, and tables between the Almanac 218
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The Eleventh Regional Wheat Worksh
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CIMMYT® (www.cimmyt.cgiar.org) is
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Table a/Contents 105 Developing whe
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Table o/Contents 366 Delayed nitrog
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e>..... I Countries participating i
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Welcome on behalfo/CIMMYT Board a/T
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Welcome on behalfofCIMMYTBoard ofTr
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CIMMYT'S NE\V APPROACH TO ADDRESS W
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CIMMYT's Global Project 5 - Pfeiffe
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SOURCES OF VARIATION FOR GRAIN YIEL
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Sources ojvariation Jar grain yield
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Sources ofvariation for grain yield
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Germplasm enhancement through molec
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Germplasm enhancement through moiec
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Gennplasm enhancement through molec
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Germplasm enhancement through molec
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QUALITY OF ETHIOPIAN DURUM WHEAT CU
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Quality ofEthiopian durum wheat cul
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On-farm demonstration ofimproved du
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On-farm demonstration ofimproved du
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Identification o/Ethiopian wheat cu
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Identification ofEthiopian wheat cu
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Identification ojEthiopian wheat cu
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GENETIC IMPROVEMENT IN GRAIN YIELD
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Genetic improvement in wheat grain
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Genetic improvement in wheat grain
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(;p.np.tir. imnrovp.mp.nl in WhP.fl
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Increasing yield potential for marg
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Increasing yield potentialfor margi
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Increasing yield potentialfor margi
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BREAD WHEAT YIELD STABILITY ANI) EN
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Bread wheat yield stability and env
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Milling and baking quality ofEthiop
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Response ofbread wheat genotypes to
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Response o/bread wheat genotypes to
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Developing wheat varieties for drou
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MILLING AND BAKING QUALITY OF SOUT
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Milling and baking quality ofSouth
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Milling and baking quality ofSouth
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Milling and baking quality ofSou th
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Response o/wheat genotypes to sowin
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Response ofwheat genotypes to sowin
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Mixtures offour wheat cultivars in
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Mixtures offour wheat cuttivars in
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THE ASSESSMENT AND SIGNIFICANCE OF
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Assessment a/pathogenic variability
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Assessment o/pathogenic variability
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Assessment ofpathogenic variability
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Assessment a/pathogenic variability
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SOURCES AND GENETIC BASIS OF VARIAB
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Sources ofvariability ofgenes for y
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PERFORMANCE OF FOUR NEW LEAF RUST R
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Performance offour new leafrust res
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HOST RANGE OF WHEAT STEM RUST IN ET
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Host range ofwheat stem rnst in Eth
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STABILITY OF STEM RUST RESISTANCE
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Page 179 and 180: Field response o/bread wheat genoty
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Page 187 and 188: Field response a/bread wheat genoty
Page 193 and 194: Necessary to app~y insecticides to
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Page 199 and 200: RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID RESISTANT WHEAT
Page 201 and 202: Integrated control using Russian wh
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Page 205 and 206: Development oflinear equations for
Page 217 and 218: BREEDING FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE IN
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Page 221 and 222: Breedingfor disease resistance in w
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Page 225: SPATIAL TOOLS FOR WHEAT RESEARCH I
Page 229 and 230: Spatial tools for wheat research -
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Page 239 and 240: Response ofsome durum wheat landrac
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Page 249 and 250: Agronomic and economic evaluation o
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Page 273 and 274: EFFECT OF CROP ROTATION AND FERTILI
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Effect ofcrop rotation and fertiliz
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Effect ofcrop rotation andfertilize
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Effects oftillage and cropping sequ
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Survey ofweed community structure -
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Survey ofweed community stntcture -
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EVALUATION OF HERBICIDES FOR THE CO
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Evaluation ofherbicides for the con
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Effects ofsurface drainage methods
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CROP ROTATION EFFECTS ON GRAIN YIEL
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Crop rotation effects on grain yiel
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Impact ofcropping sequence and fert
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THE INTRODUCTION OF DISEASE AND PES
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Introduction ofdisease and pest res
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Introduction ofdisease and pest res
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Reducing mechanical harvesting loss
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Effects ofcrop rotation, tillage me
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Effects ofcrop rotation, tillage me
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ON-FARM EVALUATION OF THE RESPONSE
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Response offour bread wheat varieti
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TIMING NITROGEN APPLICATION TO ENHA
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Timing N application to enhance whe
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Timing N application to enhance whe
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DELAYED NITROGEN APPLICATION AND LA
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Delayed N application and late till
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RESPONSE OF WEED INFESTATION AND GR
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Response ofweed infestation and gra
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FARMER PARTICIPATORY EVALUATION OF
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Farmer participatory evaluation ofb
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Farmer participatory evaluation o/b
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Client oriented research approach t
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Client oriented research approach t
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Economics offertilizer use on durum
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Economics oJJertilizer use on durom
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On-farm analysis ofdurum wheat prod
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A study o/the adoption o/bread whea
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A study ofthe adoption ofbread whea
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Eleventh Regional Wheat Workshop Pa
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