The Eleventh Regional Wheat Workshop For Eastern ... - Cimmyt

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Genetic improvement in wheat grain yield in Sudan - Tahir et af. However, limited information is available on changes in traits associated with yield improvements under hot environments in the Sudan. Thus the objectives of this study were to (a) estimate progress in genetic improvement of grain yield in bread wheat under heat stress environments, and (b) identify changes in traits associated with grain yield improvement. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was carried out during two years, 1997/98 - 1998/99, at the Gezira Research Farm (GRF), Agricultural Research Corporation (ARC), Wad Medani, located on the clay plain of the central Sudan (14°24/N, 33 0 29/ E, 407 m a.s.1.). The soils ofGRF are cracking heavy clay Vertisols, with very low water permeability, pH of ~ 8.5, poor in organic matter (0.5%), deficient in nitrogen (300-400 ppm), and low in available phosphorus (4-5 ppm Olsen extractable P). Seven bread wheat cultivars that were released in the Sudan, representing different origin and eras of wheat improvement, were used. Details on name, origin, cross, and year of release of these cultivars are given in Table 1. Three sowing dates; early, optimum, and late (1 st and 3 rd weeks of November, and the 2 nd week of December respectively) were used during both seasons of the study. A three-replicate, split-plot design, with sowing dates as main plots and genotypes as sub-plots, was used. Seeding was done manually in rows 20 cm apart and the plots consisted of six row?, 5 m in length. The seeding rate used was 120 kg ha- 1 • Recommended agronomic packages were applied. No serious lodging or disease incidence was reported. In the first season, due to termite incidence, plots were sprayed and dusted with insecticides: Confidor (imidacloprid 20% EC) and Sevin (carbaryl 85%WP). In the second season, seeds were dressed with a fungicide-insecticide mixture containing Raxil (pencycuron 7.5% WP) and Gaucho (imidacloprid 35% WP) for the control of termites and aphids. Data recorded included days to flowering, physiological maturity, plant height, grains spike-', thousand grain weight, and spikes m- 2 . Excluding the two border rows and 0.5 m from each end, a net area of 3.2 m 2 (four rows by 4 m) was hand-harvested from the ground level. The harvested material was bundled and left to dry for at leas~ 10 days, then weighed, threshed and the grain was weighed again to give biomass and grain yield. Harvest index, grains m- 2 , and grain-fill duration were calculated. Analysis of variance was conducted for each season separately, as well as combined analysis over the two seasons. Means were compared using Tukey's test. Rate of increase in grain yield, as well as rate of changes in other associated traits, were estimated by regression analysis. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Combined analysis of variance over sowing dates and seasons showed significant differences between cultivars for grain yield, biomass, harvest index, grams m- 2 , spikes m- 2 , grains spike-I, 1000 grain weight and grain-fill duration (Table 2). Based on the linear regression of mean grain yield of cultivars (at each sowing date over seasons) on year of release, grain yield has increased from 2523.5 kg ha- I in 1960 to 3294.8 kg ha-' in 1990. This relationship was described by the following linear regression equation: 61
Genetic improvement in wheat grain yield in Sudan - Tahir et al. y = 2523.9 + 25.711x, (R 2 = 0.30, P
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The Eleventh Regional Wheat Worksh
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CIMMYT® (www.cimmyt.cgiar.org) is
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Table a/Contents 105 Developing whe
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Table o/Contents 366 Delayed nitrog
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e>..... I Countries participating i
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Welcome on behalfo/CIMMYT Board a/T
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Welcome on behalfofCIMMYTBoard ofTr
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CIMMYT'S NE\V APPROACH TO ADDRESS W
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CIMMYT's Global Project 5 - Pfeiffe
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Page 25 and 26: SOURCES OF VARIATION FOR GRAIN YIEL
Page 27 and 28: Sources ojvariation Jar grain yield
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Page 35 and 36: Germplasm enhancement through molec
Page 37 and 38: Germplasm enhancement through moiec
Page 39 and 40: Gennplasm enhancement through molec
Page 41 and 42: Germplasm enhancement through molec
Page 43 and 44: QUALITY OF ETHIOPIAN DURUM WHEAT CU
Page 45 and 46: Quality ofEthiopian durum wheat cul
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Page 59 and 60: Identification o/Ethiopian wheat cu
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Page 69: GENETIC IMPROVEMENT IN GRAIN YIELD
Page 73 and 74: Genetic improvement in wheat grain
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Page 77 and 78: Increasing yield potential for marg
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Page 87 and 88: BREAD WHEAT YIELD STABILITY ANI) EN
Page 89 and 90: Bread wheat yield stability and env
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MILLING AND BAKING QUALITY OF SOUT
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Milling and baking quality ofSouth
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Milling and baking quality ofSouth
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Milling and baking quality ofSou th
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Response o/wheat genotypes to sowin
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Response ofwheat genotypes to sowin
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Mixtures offour wheat cultivars in
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Mixtures offour wheat cuttivars in
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THE ASSESSMENT AND SIGNIFICANCE OF
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Assessment a/pathogenic variability
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Assessment o/pathogenic variability
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Assessment ofpathogenic variability
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Assessment a/pathogenic variability
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SOURCES AND GENETIC BASIS OF VARIAB
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Sources ofvariability ofgenes for y
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PERFORMANCE OF FOUR NEW LEAF RUST R
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Performance offour new leafrust res
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HOST RANGE OF WHEAT STEM RUST IN ET
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Host range ofwheat stem rnst in Eth
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STABILITY OF STEM RUST RESISTANCE
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Stability ofstem rust resistance in
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Stability ofstem rust resistance in
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Field response o/bread wheat genoty
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Field response ofbread wheat genoty
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Field response a/bread wheat genoty
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Necessary to app~y insecticides to
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Necessary to apply insecticides to
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Necessary to apply insecticides to
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RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID RESISTANT WHEAT
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Integrated control using Russian wh
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Integrated control using Russian wh
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Development oflinear equations for
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BREEDING FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE IN
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Breeding f or disease resistance in
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Breedingfor disease resistance in w
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Breedingfor disease resistance in w
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SPATIAL TOOLS FOR WHEAT RESEARCH I
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Spatial tools for wheat research -
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Spatial toolsjor wheat research - H
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Response ofsome durum wheat landrac
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Response a/some durum wheat landrac
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Agronomic and economic evaluation o
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Effects ofsoil waterlogging on conc
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Effects a/soil waterlogging on conc
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Effects ojsoil waterlogging on conc
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EFFECT OF CROP ROTATION AND FERTILI
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Effect ofcrop rotation andfertilize
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Effect ofcrop rotation and fertiliz
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Effect ofcrop rotation andfertilize
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Effects oftillage and cropping sequ
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Survey ofweed community structure -
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Survey ofweed community stntcture -
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EVALUATION OF HERBICIDES FOR THE CO
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Evaluation ofherbicides for the con
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Effects ofsurface drainage methods
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CROP ROTATION EFFECTS ON GRAIN YIEL
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Crop rotation effects on grain yiel
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Impact ofcropping sequence and fert
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THE INTRODUCTION OF DISEASE AND PES
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Introduction ofdisease and pest res
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Introduction ofdisease and pest res
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Reducing mechanical harvesting loss
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Effects ofcrop rotation, tillage me
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Effects ofcrop rotation, tillage me
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ON-FARM EVALUATION OF THE RESPONSE
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Response offour bread wheat varieti
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TIMING NITROGEN APPLICATION TO ENHA
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Timing N application to enhance whe
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Timing N application to enhance whe
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DELAYED NITROGEN APPLICATION AND LA
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Delayed N application and late till
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RESPONSE OF WEED INFESTATION AND GR
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Response ofweed infestation and gra
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FARMER PARTICIPATORY EVALUATION OF
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Farmer participatory evaluation ofb
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Farmer participatory evaluation o/b
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Client oriented research approach t
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Client oriented research approach t
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Economics offertilizer use on durum
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Economics oJJertilizer use on durom
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On-farm analysis ofdurum wheat prod
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A study o/the adoption o/bread whea
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A study ofthe adoption ofbread whea
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Eleventh Regional Wheat Workshop Pa
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