Development of Circularly Polarized Microstrip ... - CEReS - åèå¤§å¦

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Figure 2.5: Azimuth ambiguities: Doppler frequency histories of targets A and B are equal due to aliasing about the sampling frequency of PRF (Li L.K. et al., 1983). AAR = ∑ ∝ m=−∝ ∫ Bp/2 −B p/2 G2 (f + m.P RF )df ∫ Bp/2 −B p/2 G2 (f)df (2.4) Where B p is azimuth processing bandwidth (Hz), G is antenna power gain, f is frequency (Hz), respectively. The azimuth ambiguities can be avoided as long the minimum PRF requirement is set to satisfy the following equation (Freeman, 2006). P RF > 2V p L a (2.5) Other type of ambiguity in the SAR sensor is range ambiguity. Range ambiguity in the response is due to the radar return from two successive pulses overlaps at the receiver (see Figure 2.6). This ambiguity will occur when the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) is set too high. 13
Figure 2.6: Range ambiguities: Portions of the radar return from a previous pulse overlap the return from the present pulse (Li F.K. et al., 1983). 2.3 Polarization of electromagnetic waves The electromagnetic wave is composed of electric and magnetic lines of force. The electric field determines the direction of polarization of the wave as shown in Figure 2.7. The instantaneous electric field associated with a general plane wave travelling in the +z direction can be decomposed into x and y components. E x (t, z) = E 1 cos(ωt − βz) (2.6) E y (t, z) = E 2 cos(ωt − βz + δ) (2.7) Where, E 1 and E 2 are amplitudes of the instantaneous electric field, ω is radian frequency, β is phase constant, and δ is phase by which the y component leads the x component of electric field. The resultant electric field is the vector combination of two components at each instant of time. ⃗E(t, z) = ˆxE x (t, z) + E y (t, z) (2.8) 14
Page 1 and 2: Development of Circularly Polarized
Page 3 and 4: Abstract The discussion about devel
Page 5 and 6: Acknowledgements First and foremost
Page 7 and 8: CONTENTS 3 Circularly Polarized Mic
Page 9 and 10: List of Figures 1.1 Electric field
Page 11 and 12: LIST OF FIGURES 5.13 Photograph of
Page 13 and 14: List of Tables 2.1 Parameters of CP
Page 15 and 16: in linear polarization has some fla
Page 17 and 18: polarization (RHCP) and left-handed
Page 19 and 20: BIBLIOGRAPHY Bibliography [1] Birk
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 2 Circularly Polarized Synt
Page 23 and 24: generates all the necessary timing
Page 25: line platform flight trajectory is
Page 29 and 30: Substituting (2.12) and (2.13) into
Page 31 and 32: Figure 2.9: Basic principle of aper
Page 33 and 34: CP-SAR geometry, the slant range ,
Page 35 and 36: Figure 2.12: The required (a) θ EC
Page 37 and 38: 2.5.2 Design of CP-SAR system 2.5.2
Page 39 and 40: BIBLIOGRAPHY Figure 2.15: Design of
Page 41 and 42: BIBLIOGRAPHY [14] Steven Z., Unmann
Page 43 and 44: developments of novel microstrip an
Page 45 and 46: to feed or excite a microstrip patc
Page 47 and 48: defines as the ratio of the power g
Page 49 and 50: 3.2.6 Radiation pattern In the fiel
Page 51 and 52: Figure 3.6: Rectangular patch arran
Page 53 and 54: diagonals axis. The area of the per
Page 55 and 56: By substitute eq. (3.7-3.9) to (3.1
Page 57 and 58: 3.4.1 Linear array Among the differ
Page 59 and 60: provide additional variables which
Page 61 and 62: The beam area or solid angle or Ω
Page 63 and 64: 2005). An array of even number of i
Page 65 and 66: BIBLIOGRAPHY m = 8 cos(mu) = 128z 8
Page 67 and 68: BIBLIOGRAPHY [21] Rahmani M., Tavak
Page 69 and 70: Figure 4.1: Design methodology. 56
Page 71 and 72: Figure 4.2: Flow chart of the anten
Page 73 and 74: Figure 4.3: Diagram of required ant
Page 75 and 76: easy if you have the right equipmen
Page 77 and 78:
Chapter 5 Results and Discussion 5.
Page 79 and 80:
Figure 5.2: Geometry design of prop
Page 81 and 82:
terminals during the radiation proc
Page 83 and 84:
5.1.4 Radiation characteristic The
Page 85 and 86:
Figure 5.11: Measured and simulated
Page 87 and 88:
the physical length, L, and the eff
Page 89 and 90:
Figure 5.13: Photograph of the fabr
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Figure 5.15: Simulated and measured
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In Figure 5.18, the antenna gain wi
Page 95 and 96:
Figure 5.20: Array antenna characte
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Figure 3 shows the design and photo
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Figure 5.24: Simulated and measured
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5.4 Broadband circularly polarized
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Figure 5.29: Axial ratio (AR) plott
Page 105 and 106:
Figure 5.33: A 3D beam pattern of t
Page 107 and 108:
Figure 5.34: Dolph-Chebyshev array
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measurement, respectively. Such deg
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Figure 5.40: Relationship between a
Page 113 and 114:
Figure 5.42: Array antenna characte
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BIBLIOGRAPHY single-feed circular m
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antenna for CP-SAR sensor. In the c
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List of Publications Peer-reviewed
Page 121 and 122:
Curriculum Vitae YOHANDRI He was bo
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To perform an electromagnetic simul
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are integrated into MGRID. PATTERN
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properly. After a rectangle is draw
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Figure B.5: Frequency sweep in simu
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Figure B.8: Three-dimensional far-f
Page 133 and 134:
Figure C.1: (a) Seven Mini PCB Prot
Page 135 and 136:
Figure C.3: Etching tank and chemic
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