Development of Circularly Polarized Microstrip ... - CEReS - åèå¤§å¦

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Chapter 3 Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna 3.1 Microstrip antenna Nowadays, the microstrip antennas continuously develop to become one of the most attractive antenna options in a wide range of modern microwave systems. This fast growth in microstrip antenna applications and uses derived a continuous research effort for developing and improving its characteristics (Pozar, 1992 and Garg et al., 2001). In general, a microstrip antenna can attain a narrow frequency bandwidth at the expense of a low gain. As compared with conventional microwave antennas, a microstrip antenna has additional advantages such as a compact size, light weight, conformability to surfaces of substrates, low cost, and easier integration with other circuits and versatility (Garg et al., 2001). From a designer point of view, a microstrip antenna presents a wide range of options. The designer can vary the choice of the substrate type, the antenna structure, type of perturbation and the feeding technique to achieve the antenna design objective (Balanis, 2005 and Lo and Lee, 1993). Basically, Microstrip antenna consists of four parts (Figure 3.1), radiating patch, dielectric substrate, ground plane and feeding line. Where L is the length of the patch, W is the width of the patch, h is the dielectric substrate height and ε r substrate relative permittivity. Many 29
developments of novel microstrip antenna configurations, basic properties, analytical models, and design techniques for microstrip antennas and development of accurate analytical models for the understanding the limitations of microstrip antennas have been produced from the research work (Pozar, 1992, Mailloux et al., 1981 and Carver and Mink, 1981). Figure 3.1: Basic geometry of microstrip antenna. 3.1.1 Radiating patch A radiating patch consists of a very thin metallic sheet mounted on a dielectric substrate. The shape of radiating patch can be designed in any shape such as square, rectangular, circular, triangular, elliptical, semicircular, and annular ring shapes or any combination of these shapes (Figure 3.2). Every shape has its own characteristics and is chosen to meet certain requirements. The square, rectangular, and circular are the most popular shapes because they are the easiest in analysis and fabrication. 3.1.2 Dielectric substrate Substrate is the dielectric layer between the patch and the ground. There are a lot of substrate material and specifications to choose from according to the antenna requirement. The substrate has dual functions: electrically, and mechanically. Electrically is an integral part of the transmission lines, circuits, and antennas. Mechanically is a supporter of the structure. The most three factors specifying dielectric substrate is substrate height (0.003 4λ o ≤ h ≤ 0.05λ o ), 30
Page 1 and 2: Development of Circularly Polarized
Page 3 and 4: Abstract The discussion about devel
Page 5 and 6: Acknowledgements First and foremost
Page 7 and 8: CONTENTS 3 Circularly Polarized Mic
Page 9 and 10: List of Figures 1.1 Electric field
Page 11 and 12: LIST OF FIGURES 5.13 Photograph of
Page 13 and 14: List of Tables 2.1 Parameters of CP
Page 15 and 16: in linear polarization has some fla
Page 17 and 18: polarization (RHCP) and left-handed
Page 19 and 20: BIBLIOGRAPHY Bibliography [1] Birk
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 2 Circularly Polarized Synt
Page 23 and 24: generates all the necessary timing
Page 25 and 26: line platform flight trajectory is
Page 27 and 28: Figure 2.6: Range ambiguities: Port
Page 29 and 30: Substituting (2.12) and (2.13) into
Page 31 and 32: Figure 2.9: Basic principle of aper
Page 33 and 34: CP-SAR geometry, the slant range ,
Page 35 and 36: Figure 2.12: The required (a) θ EC
Page 37 and 38: 2.5.2 Design of CP-SAR system 2.5.2
Page 39 and 40: BIBLIOGRAPHY Figure 2.15: Design of
Page 41: BIBLIOGRAPHY [14] Steven Z., Unmann
Page 45 and 46: to feed or excite a microstrip patc
Page 47 and 48: defines as the ratio of the power g
Page 49 and 50: 3.2.6 Radiation pattern In the fiel
Page 51 and 52: Figure 3.6: Rectangular patch arran
Page 53 and 54: diagonals axis. The area of the per
Page 55 and 56: By substitute eq. (3.7-3.9) to (3.1
Page 57 and 58: 3.4.1 Linear array Among the differ
Page 59 and 60: provide additional variables which
Page 61 and 62: The beam area or solid angle or Ω
Page 63 and 64: 2005). An array of even number of i
Page 65 and 66: BIBLIOGRAPHY m = 8 cos(mu) = 128z 8
Page 67 and 68: BIBLIOGRAPHY [21] Rahmani M., Tavak
Page 69 and 70: Figure 4.1: Design methodology. 56
Page 71 and 72: Figure 4.2: Flow chart of the anten
Page 73 and 74: Figure 4.3: Diagram of required ant
Page 75 and 76: easy if you have the right equipmen
Page 77 and 78: Chapter 5 Results and Discussion 5.
Page 79 and 80: Figure 5.2: Geometry design of prop
Page 81 and 82: terminals during the radiation proc
Page 83 and 84: 5.1.4 Radiation characteristic The
Page 85 and 86: Figure 5.11: Measured and simulated
Page 87 and 88: the physical length, L, and the eff
Page 89 and 90: Figure 5.13: Photograph of the fabr
Page 91 and 92: Figure 5.15: Simulated and measured
Page 93 and 94:
In Figure 5.18, the antenna gain wi
Page 95 and 96:
Figure 5.20: Array antenna characte
Page 97 and 98:
Figure 3 shows the design and photo
Page 99 and 100:
Figure 5.24: Simulated and measured
Page 101 and 102:
5.4 Broadband circularly polarized
Page 103 and 104:
Figure 5.29: Axial ratio (AR) plott
Page 105 and 106:
Figure 5.33: A 3D beam pattern of t
Page 107 and 108:
Figure 5.34: Dolph-Chebyshev array
Page 109 and 110:
measurement, respectively. Such deg
Page 111 and 112:
Figure 5.40: Relationship between a
Page 113 and 114:
Figure 5.42: Array antenna characte
Page 115 and 116:
BIBLIOGRAPHY single-feed circular m
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antenna for CP-SAR sensor. In the c
Page 119 and 120:
List of Publications Peer-reviewed
Page 121 and 122:
Curriculum Vitae YOHANDRI He was bo
Page 123 and 124:
To perform an electromagnetic simul
Page 125 and 126:
are integrated into MGRID. PATTERN
Page 127 and 128:
properly. After a rectangle is draw
Page 129 and 130:
Figure B.5: Frequency sweep in simu
Page 131 and 132:
Figure B.8: Three-dimensional far-f
Page 133 and 134:
Figure C.1: (a) Seven Mini PCB Prot
Page 135 and 136:
Figure C.3: Etching tank and chemic
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