2012 Scientific Report - Queensland Children's Medical Research ...

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Queensland Paediatric Infectious Diseases (QPID) Laboratory Summary of Research Activities and Achievements Highlights of 2012 Research Outcomes were: ‣ The completion of the first two years of the NHMRC-sponsored birth cohort study examining the acquisition and clinical impact of respiratory viruses during the first 2 years of life. Recruitment rate for this study has been completed, and preliminary results have identified human rhinoviruses as a major contributor to infection in this patient group. ‣ A research study found that human rhinoviruses are widespread and frequent pathogens of children undergoing serious asthma exacerbations and should be considered in clinical management. The laboratory diagnosis of HRVs should be considered very important when supporting children with exacerbated asthma. ‣ The development and deployment of real-time PCR assays to detect human parechoviruses, enteroviruses, klasseviruses, cosaviruses and cardioviruses. Screening respiratory samples from 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012 identified presence of these viruses in our population except for klasseviruses and cosaviruses. Clinical correlates with viral presence will be assessed. ‣ A real-time RT-PCR for scaffold virus was developed and showed the co-circulation of two genotypes in the respiratory tracts of young children during 2011 in and around Brisbane, Australia. It identified a local variant of a SAFV-2 genotype (SAFV-2/QCW), the genome of which was subsequently sequenced. ‣ Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), on the Sequenom Mass Array iPLEX SNP typing platform was applied to perform high-throughput multiplex SNP detection, with up to 40 SNPs per single reaction. This methodology was validated for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) which comprises 17 targets in one reaction and provides optimal throughput for MRSA genotyping. ‣ MALDI-TOF MS was also used to develop an assay for characterisation of influenza virus type A, including the pandemic influenza A (2009) “swine flu”. Notably, the assay simultaneous identified the H275Y mutation that confers resistance to Tamiflu, and is therefore important in the clinical management of critically ill patients. ‣ The development of sensitive and specific rapid diagnostic tests for the human polyomaviruses has facilitated extensive molecular epidemiological investigations to identify a role of these viruses in specific disease. Preliminary data show BK polyomavirus involvement and integration into tumour cells from kidney transplant patients with aggressive bladder cancer. Work in collaboration with local and national researchers and physicians is proceeding to elucidate the role of polyomaviruses in breast cancer formation. QCMRI Scientific Report 2012 54
‣ The Clinical Trials Unit in the QPID laboratory has continued to conduct a number of externally-funded clinical and new drug trials. The primary interest of the CTU is infectious diseases, particularly vaccine preventable diseases. Often this involves early phase trials in children and older age groups, to identify improved, safer, and more effective prevention and treatment options. The unit has developed an international reputation and continues be recognised for its significant contribution made in this area of the Children’s Health Queensland Hospitals and Health Service activities. Research Grants and Contracts Years 2012- 2014 Grant Chief Investigators Title Amount Agency QCMRI Seweryn Bialasiewicz QCMRI Early Career Fellowship $450,000 2012 QCMRI Seweryn Bialasiewicz NHMRC Near-Miss Funding $50,000 2010- 2012 ARC Ian Mackay, Theo P Sloots Seeking causes of unexplained respiratory illness in children by identifying new respiratory viruses $245,000 2010- 2012 QCMRI Ian Mackay Identification and clinical impact of non-rhinovirus picornaviruses in respiratory disease $300,000 2012- 2015 NHMRC Chang, Morris, O’Grady, Grimwood, Sloots, Van Asperen, Wilson, Robertson Multicentre randomised controlled trial to improve the management of exacerbations in children with bronchiectasis $1,148,522 ($155,000 QPID) 2012- 2015 NHMRC 1019834 Chang, Morris, Robertson, Grimwood, Van Asperen, Sloots, Torzillo, O’Grady, Wilson BREATH: Bronchiectasis Randomised controlled trial- Evaluation of Azithromycin and inhaled hypertonic saline for lung Health maintenance $2,686,000 (85,000 QPID) 2010- 2015 QCMRI Sloots T, Nissen MD, Lambert S, Grimwood K. Molecular Microbiology and Epidemiology of Respiratory Infections in Children $2,250,000 2010- 2012 NHMRC Chang A, Morris P, Grimwood K, Sloots T, White A, MacLennan C. Randomised controlled trial of azithromycin to reduce the morbidity of severe bronchiolitis in Indigenous infants. $1,407,075 2011- 2012 The Prince Charles Bell S, Morawski L, Wainwright C, Quantification of infectious aerosol transport in the air for $99,828 QCMRI Scientific Report 2012 55
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