Molluscan Research: Techniques for collecting, handling, preparing ...

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4 GEIGER ET AL. (2007) MOLLUSCAN RESEARCH, VOL. 27 FIGURE 2. Automontage images of type specimens (NMNZ) of some New Zealand land snails (Heterobranchia: Pulmonata) (A,C,J,L: dorsal views; B,D,F,G-I,K,M,O: apertural views; E,N: ventral views). Dimensions given are the maximum diameter. A. Phenacohelix giveni Cumber, 1961, holotype, M.20254 (5.50 mm). B. Phrixgnathus murdochi Suter, 1894, holotype, M.88067 (5.60 mm). C. Flammoconcha stewartensis Dell, 1952, holotype, M.5450 (2.10 mm). D. Fectola trilamellata Climo, 1978, holotype, M.47445 (2.85 mm). E. Ptychodon takakaensis Climo, 1981, holotype, M.47451 (1.80 mm). F. Laoma spiralis Suter, 1896, syntype, M.83460 (2.90 mm). G. Cavellia oconnori Dell, 1950, holotype M.4067 (3.85 mm). H. Helix pseudoleiodon Suter, 1890, syntype M.30484 (2.50 mm). I,N. Climocella reinga Goulstone, 1996, holotype, M.129904 (3.02 mm). J. Phrixgnathus viridula caswelli Dell, 1955, holotype, M.6158 (2.38 mm). K. Allodiscus austrodimorphus Dell, 1955, holotype, M.6149 (5.10 mm). L. Suteria raricostata Cumber, 1962, holotype, M.16935 (6.70 mm). M. Charopa pseudocoma Suter, 1894, syntype, M.125163 (5.10 mm). O. Rhytida meesoni Suter, 1891, syntype, M.125139 (11.45 mm). Images: Raymond Coory (NMNZ) and BAM.
TECHNIQUES FOR STUDYING SMALL MOLLUSCAN SPECIMENS 5 FIGURE 3. Selected micromolluscs illustrating their morphological diversity. A. Nucula declivis Hinds, 1843 (Taxodonta: Nuculidae), shell length 3 mm. B. Nucula exigua Sowerby, 1833 (Taxodonta: Nuculidae), shell length 3.5 mm. C. Acila castrensis (Hinds, 1843) (Taxodonta: Nuculidae), shell length 4 mm. D. Runcina coronata (Quartefages, 1844) (Cephalaspidea: Runcinidae). Field photograph of live specimen with 28 mm lens reversed on bellows unit, illuminated with two flashes. At 8:1 magnification (animal approximately 3 mm in length) depth of field becomes very shallow. E. Colpodaspis pusilla M. Sars, 1870 (Cephalaspidea: Diaphanidae, animal approximately 5 mm in length). Photograph of living animal with 50 mm macro lens on bellows unit, illuminated with two flashes. F. Cingula cingillus (Montagu, 1803) (Caenogastropoda: Rissoidae) photographed in the field with bellows unit, extension ring, 50 mm macro lens, flash illuminated. Shell length approximately 3 mm. Some blurring is apparent due to excessive closure of the diaphragm (f/11, fmax = f/4). G. Julia sp. (Ascoglossa: Juliidae). Animal approximately 5 mm long. H. Murchisoniella sp. (Heterogastropoda: Pyramidellidae). 3 mm. I. Discrevinia sp. (Caenogastropoda: Pickworthidae). Shell 2 mm long. J. Moerchinella sp. (Heterobranchia: Pyramidelloidea). Shell 1.8 mm wide. K. (Caenogastropoda: aff Vitrinellidae). Shell 1.3 mm long. L. Gibberula sp. (Caenogastropoda: Cystiscidae). Shell 2.5 mm long. Images: A–C: DLG, courtesy Paul Valentich-Scott; D–F: DLG; G–L: AW (courtesy Panglao 2004 Workshop/Philippe Bouchet). Equipment Important considerations include: • Keep tools clean and properly stored, to prevent damage to their delicate tips. • A glass jar with paper on the bottom is good <strong>for</strong> storing pipettes. • Fine paint brushes should be stored under cover in a jar, with their handles resting on the bottom, to avoid dust accumulation and de<strong>for</strong>mation of the hairs.
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