Molluscan Research: Techniques for collecting, handling, preparing ...

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46 Index Micromollusks Pages in bold refer to illustrations. 3D, see three dimensional Acetic acid .........................................................................16, 24, 39 Acetone ........................................................................21, 39, 42, 44 Acid........................................................................ 11–12, 15–16, 18 Acid free paper, see Paper, types of Adhesive, see Carbon tab, Colloidal graphite, Glue, Leit-C plast, Silver paste Air bubble ......................................................................................17 Air dry................................................................................14, 17, 43 Air-lift pump ..................................................................................10 Aldehyde, see also glutaraldehyde...........................................40, 42 Algae .......................................................................................... 9, 11 Allergene............................................................................13, 40, 42 Amines ...........................................................................................27 Amira .......................................................................................32, 33 Ammonia........................................................................................12 Amylocaine hydrochloride.............................................................39 Anatomy, external ..............................................................22, 24, 32 Animals, see SEM, animals; live animals Anoxic............................................................................................10 Aragonite........................................................................................12 Archival paper, see Paper, types of Arkanas Stone ..................................................................................8 Automontage..............................................................................4, 35 Bag, cloth .......................................................................................10 Bag, heat seal .................................................................................13 Bag, zip lock ....................................................................................9 Bait.................................................................................................10 Barbiturates .................................................................................... 11 Basket.............................................................................................10 Beeswax .........................................................................................35 Bench grinder...................................................................................8 Bench vice......................................................................................12 Benzamine......................................................................................39 Bichromate, see Chromic acid Biodiversity..............................................................................2, 3–5 Bivalve .......................................................................7–8, 17, 21–22 Bivalve, opening ............................................................................21 Bleach ........................................................17, 21, 26–27, 29, 43, 45 Blow dry.........................................................................................14 B-phenoxyethylalcohol, see Phenoxetol Boiling method................................................................... 11, 13, 43 Borax............................................................................12, 39, 42–43 Bouin’s fixative............................................................12, 24, 39, 44 Bowls, see also Embryo bowls ........................................................9 Box, plastic ....................................................................................15 Box, polystyrene ............................................................................15 Brush....................................................5, 6, 8, 10, 17, 21, 28–30, 32 Brush, dry.......................................................................................14 Brush, moist ............................................................................. 11, 14 Buccal mass ...................................................................................16 Buffer, see Paper, types of; Formalin, buffered Butric acid......................................................................................16 Butyl acetate.......................................................................21, 39, 44 Byne’s disease....................................................................13, 15, 16 GEIGER ET AL. (2007) MOLLUSCAN RESEARCH, VOL. 27 Byssus.........................................................................................9–10 Caenogastropoda ............................................................................29 Calcium acetate ..............................................................................16 Calcium carbonate, calcite .........................12–13, 15–16, 39–40, 42 Calcium phosophate .......................................................................39 Capillary forces ........................................................9, 17–18, 30, 32 Carbonate, biogenic..........................................................................9 Carbon dioxide .......................................................24, 26–27, 39–40 Carbon tab/tape, double-sided..............17, 18, 20, 21, 24, 29–30, 31 Carbon tetrachloride .......................................................................16 Carbonyl chloride ...........................................................................42 Carborundum paper..........................................................................8 Carbowax, see Polyethylene glycol Carcinogen..............................................................12–13, 40, 42, 45 Cardboard slide, see geology micromounts Celluloid .........................................................................................14 Charging, see SEM, charging Chemicals, see also under particular compound ................35, 39–45 Chiton, see Polyplacophora Chloral hydrate, chloretone ............................................................40 Chlorine gas....................................................................................45 Chloroform ...............................................................................21, 40 Chromic acid, .....................................................................12, 40, 43 Clam, see bivalve Clay, plastic ....................................................................................15 Cleaning....................................................................................16–17 Cocaine hydrochloride ...................................................................40 Cold, see also Freezer, freezing..........................................10–11, 40 Collecting ...................................................................................9–10 Colloidal graphite ...............................................................17–18, 21 Concavity slide, see depression slide Conchiolin ................................................................................17, 26 Conductive wire .............................................................................18 Conductivity, electrical.............................................................17–18 Container for specimens...........................................................14–15 Cork................................................................................................16 Cotton wool ........................................................................13–16, 24 Cover slip ...........................................................................29–30, 32 Critical point drying, CPD......................................18, 24, 25, 39, 44 Cyanoacrylate.................................................................................40 Decalcification........................................................24, 39–40, 42–43 Dehydration..............................................................................24, 43 Depression slide ...................................................................9, 27, 30 Detergent ......................................................................10, 17, 21–22 Diethyl ether .............................................................................11, 40 Digital imaging.........................................................................32–35 Dirt......................................................................................14, 17–18 Dish ................................................................................................11 Disodium tetraborate, see Borax Dissecting microscope, see stereomicroscope Dissection .........................................................................2, 8, 24, 26 Distortion..................................................................................22, 34 DNA extraction ..................................................................26–27, 28 Docoglossate ............................................................................30, 32 Dolomite...................................................................................39, 42 Dredge ........................................................................................9–10 Drill ......................................................................................8, 12, 23 Dry bath incubator..........................................................................27
TECHNIQUES FOR STUDYING SMALL MOLLUSCAN SPECIMENS 47 Drying ............................................................................................14 Drying chamber .............................................................................14 Efflorescence......................................................................13, 15–16 Elutriation ...................................................................................... 11 Embryo bowl........................................................................9, 17, 27 Epibenthic sledge .......................................................................9–10 Eppendorf tubes .......................................................................13, 27 Epsom salt, see Magnesium sulphate Ethanol ....................................................... 11, 17, 28–30, 40–43, 45 Ethanol 30%............................................................................. 11–12 Ethanol 50–60%.......................................................................12–13 Ethanol 75–80%............................................... 11–14, 21, 28, 40, 43 Ethanol 95%........................................................... 11–14, 21, 40, 43 Ethanol 100%............................................. 11–14, 21, 24, 39–40, 43 Ethanol vapour.........................................................................12, 43 Ethanol, vodka ...............................................................................22 Ethyl acetate...................................................................................44 Ethyl carbamate/urethane, see Urethane Ethylene diamino-tetraacetic acid, EDTA ...............................24, 40 Ethylene glycol ........................................................................41, 45 Eucaine...........................................................................................41 Falcon tubes ...................................................................................13 Files..................................................................................................8 Fixation, fixative .............................................. 11–12, 39, 41, 43–44 Floating off..................................................................................... 11 Flocculent material.........................................................................27 Foam, plastic ..................................................................................15 Forceps........................................ 6, 7, 11–12, 14, 21, 24, 27–28, 30 Formaldehyde ..........................................................................41–42 Formalin.....................................................10–13, 22, 24, 27, 41–45 Formalin, 37–40%..............................................................12, 39, 41 Formalin, buffered ...........................................12–13, 22, 39, 41–43 Formalin – seawater.................................................................12–13 Formamide .....................................................................................42 Formiate .........................................................................................16 Formic acid ........................................................................24, 42–43 Freshwater............................................................................2, 10, 45 Fridge, see also Cold................................................................ 10–11 Freeze drying .................................................................................24 Freezer, freezing, see also Cold ...............................................10–12 Funnel ............................................................................................14 Gastropod.........................................................17, 21–22, 26, 29, 40 Gelatine capsule .............................................................................14 Geology micromounts....................................................................14 Glass disease ......................................................................13, 15, 16 Glass, types ........................................................................13–14, 16 Glue................................................................................................24 Glue, polyvinyl acetate ....................................18, 24, 29–30, 32, 44 Glue, spray ...............................................................................18, 21 Glue, super see Cyanoacrylate Glutaraldehyde................................................................... 11–12, 22 Glycerol....................................................................................40, 43 Gooding and Stewart’s fluid ..........................................................42 Grab sampler..............................................................................9–10 Habitat....................................................................................2, 9–10 Hairs.....................................................................................8, 30, 32 Hammer..........................................................................................12 Handling, see Specimen manipulation Hazards.........................................................2, 11, 13, 24, 35, 39–45 Heat ..................................................................10, 13, 26–28, 30, 43 Hetrobranchia .................................................................................40 Hexamethyldisilizane, HMDS..................................................24, 43 Hexamine, hexamethylene tetramine .................................12, 42–43 Histology ....................................2, 10, 12, 24, 32, 33, 39–40, 43–44 Histolysis ..................................................................................12, 42 Holotype, see Specimen, types Humidity.............................................................................14–16, 32 Hydrochloric acid ...................................................15, 24, 40, 42–43 Hydrogen peroxide .............................................................17, 21, 43 Hypochlorite, see Bleach Illumination, see Lighting Incubator, see also Dry bath incubator ...............................27, 29–30 Insects.............................................................................................42 Irritant...............................................................................................9 Irwin loop .......................................................................................11 Isopropanol.........................................................................21, 40, 43 Ketone ............................................................................................40 KOH, see potassium hydroxide Labels, see also paper...............................................................14–15 Land snail, see Pulmonate Laser writer.....................................................................................15 Lateromarginal plate.......................................................................32 Leaf litter ....................................................................................9–10 Leit-C plast.....................................................................................35 Lens, photographic ...................................................................32–33 Lens, microscope............................................................................34 Lepetelloidea ..................................................................................26 Light sources ..............................................................................7, 28 Lighting ........................................................................28, 30, 34–35 Light microscope......................................................................29–30 Light trap ........................................................................................10 Limpet, see Patellogastropoda Lithium .....................................................................................11, 43 Live animals ...............................................................................9, 11 Maceration......................................................................................27 Magnesium chloride .....................................................10–11, 43–44 Magnesium sulphate.......................................................................44 Mangrove..........................................................................................9 Manipulation, see Specimen manipulation Marine ..............................................................................................2 Menthol ....................................................................................11, 44 Mercury ..........................................................................................12 Mercury chloride ......................................................................39, 44 Metal.........................................................................................14, 27 Methanol.............................................................................40, 42, 44 Methenamine, see hexamine Methods, failed.............................................2, 12–13, 18, 24, 26–27 Method, best .....................................................................................2 Microfossil slides, see geology micromounts Micromount, mineral......................................................................15 Microscissors....................................................................................7 Microscope, see stereomicroscope Microscope, light, see Light microscope Microwave......................................................................................15 Molecular work ......................................................12–13, 26, 40, 43 Monoplacophora.............................................................................26
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