Ecomen Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. - Meghalaya State Pollution Control ...

Environmental Impact Assessment 

& 

Environmental Management Plan 

of 

Ferro Silicon Plant 

(8940 Metric Tonnes Per Annum) 

& 

Captive Power Plant of 10 MW 

at 

Vill: Riwiang BPO Seinduly, Nogngstoin, 

West Khasi Hills, Meghalaya 

of 

Shree Shakambari Ferro Alloys Pvt. Ltd. 

Vill: Riwiang BPO Seinduly, Nogngstoin, 

West Khasi Hills, Meghalaya 

Prepared By 

Ecomen Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. 

FlatNo 8, 2nd Floor 

Arif Chamber-V Sector-H 

Aliganj Lucknow

CONTENTS 

CHAPTER NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO. 

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1-2(a) 

2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 

2.1 Location 3 

2. 2 Topography and Drainage 4 

2.3 Objectives of the Project 4 

2.4 Reasons for Selecting the Proposed Site 4 

2.4.1 Captive Power Plant 5 

2.5 Product & Capacity of Production 5 

2.6 Plant Layout 5 

2.7 Process details 5-9 

2.8 Details of Plant & Machinery and Storage 9-12 

2.8.1. Details of plant Machinery 9-12 

2.8.2. Captive Power Plant 12-16 

2.8.3 Electrical Installation 16-19 

2.8.4 Water System 19-21 

2.9 Raw Materials 22 

2.9.1. Raw material Storage facilities 22 

2.10 Product Storage 23 

2.11 Dispatch 23 

2.12 Quality control plan 23-26 

2.13. Quality control plan 26-27 

2.14 Utility Systems 27-29 

2.15 Auxiliary Infrastructural Facilities. 29-32 

2.16 Implementation Schedule 32 

2.17 Capital Cost 33 

2.18.1 Duration of Operation & Manpower 33-34 

2.18.2 Details of work force 34 

3.0 PRESENT ENVIRONMENTAL SCENARIO 

3.1 Study Description 45 

3.1.1. Study Area 45 

3.1.2. Study Period 45 

3.1.3. Study Components 45-46 

3.2 General Climatic Conditions (Secondary data) 47-49 

3.3 Base Line Information 49 

3.3.1 Selection of sampling stations 49

3.3.1.1 Micro-meteorological station 49 

3.3.1.2 Ambient Air Quality Location 49-50 

3.3.1.3 Water Quality Locations 50 

3.3.1.4 Water Flow Measurement Locations 50-51 

3.3.1.5 Noise Monitoring Locations 51 

3.3.1.6 Soil Quality Monitoring Locations 51 

3.3.2 Sampling Procedure 51 

3.3.2.1 Micro Meteorological Monitoring 51-52 

3.3.2.2. Ambient Air Monitoring 52-53 

3.3.2.3 Water Quality Monitoring 53 

3.3.2.4 Water Flow 54 

3.3.2.5 Ambient Noise Level 55 

3.3.2.6 Soil Quality 55 

3.3.2.7 Sampling procedure and analysis 55-56 

3.3.3 Data Analysis 56 

3.3.3.1 Meteorological Study 56-57 

3.3.3.2 Ambient Air Quality 57-61 

3.3.3.3 Water Quality 62-63 

3.3.3.4 Water Flow 63 

3.3.3.5 Noise 63-64 

3.3.3.6 Soil Quality 65 

3.4 Socio-Economic Scenario 65 

3.4.1 Demographic features of study area 65-70 

3.5 Flora And Fauna 70 

3.5.1 Methodology 71-73 

3.5.2 Site Selection 73 

3.5.3 General Vegetation Pattern 74-80 

3.5.4 Forest Community 81-82 

3.5.5 Aquatic flora & fauna 82 

3.6 Land Slope of the Study Area 82 

3.7 Relief of the Study Area 83 

3.8 Geology of the Study area 83 

3.9 Land use 83(a) 

3.9.1 Introduction 83 (a) 

3.9.2 Data Input 83(a) 

3.9.2.4Result and Discussion 

83(c) 

4.0 IMPACT ASSESSMENT 

4.1 Impact during construction phase 102 

4.1.1 Impact on land use 102-103 

4.1.2 Impact on soil 103 

4.1.3 Impact on air quality 103 

4.1.4 Impact on noise levels 103-104 

4.1.5 Water quality 104

4.1.6 Traffic density 104 

4.1.7 Flora and fauna 104 

4.2 Impact during operational phase: 104 

4.2.1 Land use 104 

4.2.2 Air quality 104-105 

4.2.3 Water quality 105 

4.2.4 Water requirement: 105-106 

4.2.5 Noise levels 106-107 

4.2.6 Effluent water 107 

4.2.7 Solid waste 107 

4.2.8 Domestic waste water 107 

4.2.9 Seismicity 107-108 

4.2.10 Flora and fauna 108 

4.2.11 Socio-economics 109 

4.3. Air Dispersion Modeling 109-110 

4.3.1 Pollutants considered for computation 110 

4.3.2 Source Strength Estimation 110 

4.3.4 Modeling Procedure 110 

4.3.5 Model Options Used For Computations 111 

4.3.6 Gaussian Plume Model 111-112 

4.3.7 Extrapolation of Wind Speed 112 

4.3.8 Stability Classification 112-113 

4.3.9 Dispersion Parameters 113 

4.3.10 Mixing Height 113-114 

4.3.11 Meteorological Data 114 

4.4 Presentation of Resuls 114 

4.4.1 Resultant Concentrations 114-115 

after Commencement Operations 

5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME 

5.1 Monitoring, organization & cost 121 

5.2 General views 121 

5.3 Monitoring schedule & parameters 121 

5.3.1 Monitoring Schedule and Parameters 121-122 

5.3.2 Health Check Up & its schedule 122-123 

5.4 Post monitoring of existing system 123 

5.4.1 Capital Cost to be incurred 124 

5.4.2 Recurring Cost 124 

5.4.3 Budget for the next 5 year 124-125

6.0 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN 

6.1 Introduction 126 

6.2 Scope of the Plan 126 

6.3 Disaster 126-127 

6.4 On-Site Emergency Plan 127 

6.5 Basis Approach 127-128 

6.6 Disaster Management Committee 128 

6.7 Basic Function and Responsibilities of 128-131 

the Apex Committee 

6.8 Facilities Available With the Factory 131-135 

7.0 PROJECT BENEFITS 

7.1 Employment potential 136 

7.1.1 Welfare facilities to workers 136-137 

7.2 Welfare activities (Community development) 137 

7.2.1 Rural employment 137-138 

7.2.2 Roads 138 

7.2.3 Bus shelters & Community hall 138 

7.2.3.1 Education 138 

7.2.3.2 Literacy campaign 138 

7.2.3.3 Medical assistance 138-139 

7.2.3.4 Eradication of child labour 140 

7.2.3.5 Library, sports and cultural facilities 140 

8.0 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN 

8.1 Construction phase 141 

8.1.1 Air pollution 142 

8.1.2 Noise 142 

8.1.3 Water quality 142-143 

8.1.4 Solid Waste Management 143 

8.1.5 Traffic density 143 

8.1.6 Occupational Health and Safety measures 143-144 

8.2 Operational phase 144 

8.2.1 Air pollution 144-145 

8.2.2 Water Environment 146-147 

8.2.3 Waste water management 147-148 

8.2.4 Sewage Water 148 

8.2.5 Rain Water Harvesting 149 

8.2.6 Land Environment and Solid Waste Management 149 

8.2.7 Noise Environment 149-150 

8.2.8 Thermal Pollution 150

8.2.9 Floor cleaning 150 

8.2.10 Dispatch section 150 

8.2.11 Flora and fauna 150-152 

8.2.12 Occupational health 152-155 

8.2.13 Medical examinations 156-157 

8.2.14 Socio-economic development 157 

8.2.15 Seismicity 158

LIST OF TABLES 

TABLE NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO. 

2.1 Raw material consumption/requirement 22 

2.2 Capital Cost 33 

2.3 Details of work force 34 

3.1 Study Components 45-46 

3.2 Monthwise Highest & Lowest Temp. in 47 

West Khasi Hills District, 2008 

3.3 Monthly Actual Rainfall at West Khasi Hills 48 

3.4 Monthly Average Humidity Recorded 49 

at West Khasi Hills 

3.5-3.12 Ambient air quality data 84-91 

3.13 National Ambient Air Quality Standards 61 

3.14 Water quality results 

92 

3.15 Soil quality data 93 

3.16 Demographic features 69 

3.17 List of Flora in Buffer Zone 76-78 

3.18 List of Amphibians, Reptiles, Mammals and 80 

Aves in Buffer Zone 

3.19 Major Land Use Categories of the Study area 83(c) 

3.20 Vegetation land cover categories 83(c) 

4.1 Resultant Concentrations Due to Incremental Clc’s 116 

5.1 Capital Cost to be incurred 124 

5.2 Budget for the next 5 years 124-125 

6.1 List of Key Person of Site 133 

6.2 Action Plan 133-134 

6.3 List of Key Persons IOR off site Emergency Plan 135 

8.1 Details of Ventilation System 154

LIST OF EXHIBITS 

EXHIBIT NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO. 

Exhibit No. 2.1 Project Site Shown in India map 35 

Exhibit No. 2.2 Location map 36 

Exhibit No. 2.3 20 Km. Radius map 37 

Exhibit No. 2.4A Layout Plan 38 

Exhibit No. 2.4B Layout Plan of Ferro Alloy Plant 39 

Exhibit No. 2.4B Layout Plan of CPP 40 

Exhibit No. 2.5 Process Flow Diagram of Ferro Alloy 8 

Exhibit No. 2.6 Process Flow Diagram of 10MW CPP 41 

Exhibit No. 2.7 (A - C) Implement Schedule 42-44 

Exhibit No. 3.1 Location map showing Ambient Air & 94 

Micrometrology 

Exhibit No. 3.2 Location map showing water, 95 

water flow & Noise sampling locations 

Exhibit No. 3.3 Location map showing Ecology & 96 

Soil sampling locations 

Exhibit No. 3.4 Windrose diagram Seasonal (8 hours) 97 

Exhibit No. 3.5 Windrose diagram Seasonal (24 hours) 98 

Exhibit No. 3.6 Elevation and slope of the study area 99 

Exhibit No. 3.7 Geology of the study area 100 

Exhibit No. 8.1 APCS in Ferro Silicon Plant 159 

Exhibit No. 8.2 Water Balance for Ferro Silicon Plant 160 

Exhibit No. 8.3 Water Balance for CPP 161

Exhibit No. 8.4 Layout Plan showing rain water harvesting 162 

Exhibit No. 8.5 Afforestation Plan 163 

Image-I FCC of 10 Km. Radius Area 83(f) 

Image-II Land Use/Land Cover Map of 10 Km. 101

LIST OF FIGURE 

PLATE NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO. 

Figure I(A) SPM ISOPLETHS with pollution Control 117 

Equipment 

Figure I(B) SPM ISOPLETHS without pollution Control 118 

Equipment 

Figure II SO 2 ISOPLETHS 119 

Figure III NOx ISOPLETHS 120

CHAPTER-1 

1.0 INTRODUCTION 

Shree Shakambari Ferro Alloys Pvt.Ltd.( formely known as Shree 

Shakambari Coke and Mining Pvt. Ltd) has proposes to set up a 8940Mt per 

annum Ferro Alloys-Ferro Silicon plant from 10MVA submersible arc furnace 

including 10MW Captive Power Plant at Vill Riwiang BPO Seinduly,Near 

Riangdo,via Nogngstoin,West Khasi Hills, Meghalya.. 

The company belongs to Kolkata based group called ‘MORTEX”, having 

core interest in Ferro Alloys, Sponge Iron , Iron & steel Ingots and Metcoke etc. 

The Group has been initially started by Shri Kailash Keyal who is the key person 

of the group and successfully running the business since more than 3 decades. 

MORTEX group has been accorded the status of Star Export House by 

Ministry of Commerce, Govt. of India and has received the ‘Star Performance 

Award’ for export performance since last two years. The company received 

certificate from H’ble Counsel General of Federal Republic of Germany in 

accordance with the provision of Foreign Trade Policy. 

The district west Khasi Hills lies in the control part of the State of 

Meghalaya The district is backward as far as industry is concerned. The coming 

up the proposed industry will add to the existing infrastructure two of the 

important input materials of Ferro Alloy-Ferro Silicon are available abundantly 

within the state of Meghalaya & Assam and also in other Eastern states. 

However due to power deficit status of the related power utility in the state i.e. 

Meghalaya State Electricity Board (MeSEB), possibility of power availability on

CHAPTER-1 

EIA/EMP of Shree Shakambari Ferro Alloys Pvt. Ltd. 

continuous basis is uncertain Ferro Alloy-Ferro Silicon units are power intensive 

and require power on continuous basis. 

Moreover, the most vital raw material for Captive Power Plant which is 

Coal is available at village Nirang, West Khasi hills, Meghalaya. 

Shree Shakambari Ferro Alloys Pvt.Ltd. has its registered office/factory 

and head office at the following places: 

Registered Office : Shri Shakambari Ferro Alloys Pvt.Ltd. 

BPO Seinduly,Near Riangdo, 

Via Nongstoin,West Khasi Hills 

Meghalaya 

Head Office : 3F,East India House, 

20 B British Indian Street, Kolkata 

In accordance with the Environmental Assessment Notification 2006 of 

Ministry of Environment and Forests it is mandatory to obtain environment 

clearance by submitting the Form-1 to set up and operate the project. The 

presentation of TOR was done on September 2008 before EAC (Industry) and the 

prescribed TOR by EAC was received in October 2009. 

M/s Shree Shakambari Ferro Alloys Pvt. Ltd. engaged M/s Ecomen 

Laboratories (P) Ltd., Lucknow an approved laboratory from MoEF, New Delhi 

for preparation of the same. 

Ecomen Laboratories Pvt.Ltd .Lucknow

CHAPTER-1 

EIA/EMP of Shree Shakambari Ferro Alloys Pvt. Ltd. 

M/s Ecomen Laboratories (P) Ltd. have carried out necessary environmental 

studies & monitoring during October-December 2010 and also availed secondary 

data from various sources, which forms the basis of the present draft EIA/EMP 

report. 


Exhibit No. 2.7A 

SHREE SHAKAMBARI FERRO ALLOYS PVT LTD. 

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE OF 10 MVA FERRO ALLOY PLANT WITH UTILITIES 

1 OF 3 

MONTH 1 

MONTH 2 

MONTH 7 

MONTH 8 

MONTH 4 MONTH 5 MONTH 9 MONTH 10 

DESCRIPTION MONTH 3 MONTH 11 

MONTH 6 MONTH 12 

DAYS 

10 20 30 10 20 28 10 20 30 10 20 30 10 20 30 10 20 30 10 20 30 10 20 30 10 20 30 10 20 30 10 20 30 10 20 30 

FOUNDATION OF FURNACE BUILDING COLUMNS 48 

COMPOUND WALL CONSTRUCTION 140 

FABRICATION OF FURNACE BUILDING COLUMNS 35 

FOUNDATION OF FURNACE SHELL 30 

FABRICATION OF F/C BUILDING ROOFING & CLADDING 32 

FABRICATION OF FLOOR BEAMS 16 

FABRICATION OF FURNACE SHELL 10 

ERECTION OF FURNACE COLUMNS, BEAMS & ROOFING 40 

FABRICATION OF RMHS COLUMNS & BUNKERS 35 

FOUNDATION OF RMHS BUILDING 25 

FABRICATION OF FURNACE EQUIPMENT (IN HOUSE) 100 

ERECTION OF FURNACE SHELL 22 

I FLOOR RCC SLAB FOR FURNACE BUILDING 30 

FOUNDATION OF GRND HOPPER, SCRN HOUSE & FINES BUNKER 25 

CONVEYOR FOUNDATIONS 15 

FABRICATION OF GRD HOPPER, FINES BUNKER & SCREEN HOUSE 35 

OFFICE BUILDING AND STORES 60 

FOUNDATION OF SKIP 25 

PUMP HOUSE & WATER TANK CIVIL WORKS 65 

II FLOOR RCC SLAB FOR FURNACE BUILDING 30 

ERECTION OF RMHS CIRCUIT WITH CONVEYORS 75

Exhibit No. 2.7B 



2 OF 3 

DESCRIPTION MONTH 8 

MONTH 1 MONTH 2 MONTH 3 MONTH 4 MONTH 5 MONTH 6 MONTH 7 MONTH 9 MONTH 10 MONTH 11 MONTH 12 

DAYS 

10 20 30 10 20 28 10 20 30 10 20 30 10 20 30 10 20 30 10 20 30 10 20 30 10 20 30 10 20 30 10 20 30 10 20 30 

11 KV CONTROL ROOM 35 

FABRICATION OF ROOFING FOR RMHS 55 

FABRICATION & ERECTION OF SKIP HOIST 50 

III FLOOR RCC SLAB FOR FURNACE BUILDING 30 

LABORATORY AND PASTE SHED 40 

CABLE TRENCH CIVIL WORKS 15 

ERECTION OF 11KV EQUIPMENT 25 

FOUNDATION OF RAW MATERIAL SHEDS 35 

ERECTION OF FURNACE EQUIPMENTS (IN HOUSE FAB'TED) 80 

FABRICATION & ERECTION OF SUPPLY WATER LINE 25 

IV FLOOR RCC SLAB FOR FURNACE BUILDING 30 

ROOFING & CLADDING WORKS FOR RMHS 50 

STRINGING OF SUBSTATION EQUIPMENT 7 

ERECTION OF LT PANELS 15 

LT WORKS OF PLANT, RMHS & OTHER UTILITIES 75 

CONTROL ROOM & HYDRAULIC ROOM 35 

ERECTION OF FURNACE TRANSFORMER 8 

PUMPS & COOLING TOWER ERECTION 10 

ERECTION OF HYDRAULIC SYSTEM & HYD LINE 45 

ROOFING WORKS FOR UTILITY BUILDINGS 78 

FABRICATION AND ERECTION OF BUSBAR WORKS 65

Exhibit No. 2.7C 



3 OF 3 

DESCRIPTION 

DAYS 

MONTH 1 MONTH 2 MONTH 3 MONTH 4 MONTH 5 MONTH 6 MONTH 7 

MONTH 8 

MONTH 9 MONTH 10 MONTH 11 

MONTH 12 

10 20 30 10 20 28 10 20 30 10 20 30 10 20 30 10 20 30 10 20 30 10 20 30 10 20 30 10 20 30 10 20 30 10 20 30 

ERECTION OF DISTRIBUTION WATER LINE 50 

ERECTION OF POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT & BLOWER 15 

ERECTION OF ELECTRODE CASING 30 

POLLUTION CONTROL DUCTING 45 

EXECUTION OF REFRACTORY LINING FOR F/C SHELL 18 

FINAL ALIGNMENT FOR FURNACE EQUIPMENT 25 

ERECTION OF EOT CRANE, TELFOR AND MONORAIL HOIST 15 

ERECTION OF CHARGING BINS AND CHUTES 25 

EXECUTION OF PASTING WORKS FOR FURNACE SHELL 20 

TRAIL RUN FOR LT MOTORS 7 

TESTING AND COMMISSIONING OF FURNACE 7 

TESTING AND COMMISSIONING OF RMHS CIRCUIT 10 

TESTING AND COMMISSIONING OF PUMP HOUSE 5 

FURNACE PREHEATING 7

CHAPTER – 2 

2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 

2.1 Location 

The Ferro Silicon/Ferro Alloy Plant and CPP is located at Vill-Riwiang, 

BPO: Seinduly, Near Riangdo, via Nongstoin, West Khasi Hills, Meghalaya. 

Location of the project site is shown in India map (Refer Exhibit no. 2.1). 

The site is at a distance of 208 km from Shilong (State capital of 

Meghalaya), and 190 km from Guwahati .The NH-44 E is connecting Riwiang to 

Shillong .The Co-ordinates of the proposed location are: 

Latitude : 25 0 36’ 296`` N 

Longitude: 91 0 10’ 904`` E 

Elevation: 1050 Meter (msl) 

The plant site is well connected by road from Nongstoin town, which is 

about 25 km from the proposed plant site. The approximate distance of the 

proposed project site from the major cities are as follows: 

Nongstoin 

Shillong 

Guwahati 

25Km 

208 Km 

190 Km 

Guwahati is the nearest meter gauge (MG) railway station of N-E Frontier 

railway at about 190 km distance from the proposed plant site. 

The Guwahati airport is at about 164 Km. from the proposed plant site and 

is well connected to all major cities in India.

CHAPTER-2 

EIA/EMP OF Shree Shakambari Ferro Alloys Pvt. Ltd. 

Communication facilities such as Telephone, Fax and Internet are available in 

the vicinity of the proposed plant site at Nongstoin. No constraints, in this regard 

are envisaged. The location map is shown in Exhibit No:2.2 

2. 2 Topography and Drainage 

The topography in the area proposed for plant site is riverine valley with 

undulating terrain, formed naturally at the base of riverine valley. A nominal site 

grading and leveling works for the main plant-site area is required. A small 

rivulet is meeting with the main river near bridge after passing through the plant 

site. 

A few courses developing along the undulating profile of the surface have 

their flow towards Riwiang river (refer Exhibit No: 2.3.) 

2.3 Objectives of the Project 

Shri Shakmbari’s upcoming project compromises manufacturing of Ferro 

Alloys (Ferro-Silicon), installed capacity of 8940 MTPA, with 10 MW Captive 

Power Plant. 

2.4 Reasons for Selecting the Proposed Site 

The major criteria for locating a Ferro Alloys (Ferro-Silicon) plant are as 

follows: 

The local river Riwiang being running down the site of the plant, the 

project will meet its water requirement from the same. 

The coal is locally found in plenty and the coalmines are situated in a short 

distance of project site, hence saving in transportation costs. 

Other raw material such as quartz is locally available. 

ECOMEN LABORATORIES PVT.LTD., LUCKNOW

CHAPTER-2 


Proximity to an established township, which would offer reasonable 

amenities to the plant employees. 

2.4.1 Captive Power Plant: 

Due to power deficit status of the related power utility in the state 

electricity board (MeSEB), possibility of power availability on continuous basis is 

far-off CPP is a must & Meghalaya Govt. is also supporting for maintaining own 

power requirement of production facilities. The vital raw material for CPP is coal 

and available in Nirang. 

The coal is of high sulphur content (4%), can be minimized by feeding 

limestone (1/8 th by weight of coal). Significantly limestone is also available 

locally. 

2.5 Product & Capacity of Production 

Ferro Alloy/Ferro Silicon Plant: 8940 MT per annum. 

Captive Power Plant 

: Power for continuous supply to Ferro Alloy/ 

Ferro Silicon Plant is 10 MW. 

2.6 Plant Layout: The plant layout is enclosed as Exhibit No.2.4A, 2.4B, 2.4C 

2.7 Process details 

A) Ferro Alloy/Ferro Silicon Plant: 

Shree Shakambari Ferro Alloys Pvt. Ltd. proposes to install 10 MVA 

Submerged Electric Arc Furnace for manufacturing of ferro silicon. The process 

is Power Intensive and the company would arrange the same from its own 

Captive Power Plant. Each raw materials/ consumables are weighed as per 

designed quantity and blended together. 


CHAPTER-2 


Blending of raw materials 

Quartz, Charcoal, MS Scraps are mixed in the required quantity and lifted to 

charging platform, with the help of lifting arrangements. The raw materials are 

generally mixed in the following proportions in terms of weight: - 

Quartz : 49.23% 

Petrocoke : 36.92% 

Mill scale : 13.85% 

The blended raw materials are charged to the furnace with low voltage & 

high current is passed through the Electrodes. All the process parameters are 

being controlled through PLC system and closely monitored by the senior 

metallurgists in all 3 shifts. As the process of ferro alloys is continuous, the 

charge is fed at continuous intervals through hoppers and charging chutes into 

the furnace hearth whenever the charge level comes down. Inside the furnace the 

basic ore is subjected to oxidation at high temperatures between 1550 to 1750 0 C 

and are reduced through the Petrocoke. The fluxes are used to maintain proper 

basicity in order to maintain required temperatures and fluidization of slag. The 

by-products gases are let out through the highly sophisticated pollution control 

system and the fume dust is collected in to filter bags. The molten Ferro Alloys 

and the slag is tapped at regular intervals and are casted as cakes in large Cast 

iron casting pans. Every taping sample is drawn to determine the elements 

present in alloy and also to take corrective actions by metallurgists if required. 

After proper solidification of these cakes they are shifted to metal handling yard 

for crushing, sizing, lot preparation, lot sampling, lot analysis, lot packing, lot 


CHAPTER-2 


stacking and allotting lot number for proper identification to meet the market 

requirements of domestic as well as overseas. 

Electrical Arc Furnace: 

Chemical Reaction: 

An electric Arc furnace is a 

furnace that heats charged material by 

means of an electric Arc. The 

temperature in Arc furnace can be up 

to 1800 degrees Celsius, which is 

sufficient to melt anything up to the 

desired level. The Arc furnace which 

will be installed here will be having 

power of 10 MVA and it will be 

utilized to melt the blended items for 

production of Ferro alloys-ferro 

silicon. 

2SiO2 + Fe2O3 +4C 

1600 o C 

Heat 

2FeSi + 3CO2 + CO 


CHAPTER-2 


The process flow diagram is shown in Exhibit No 2.5 

Manufacturing of Ferro Alloys 

Blending of 

quartz, Charcoal 

and mill scale 

Charging on the 

Arc Furnace 

Smelting in the 

Furnace 

Tapping of 

the molten 

alloys 

Casting and 

cooling on the 

dressed sand 

bed. 

Testing 

/storage and 

dispatch 

Breaking, 

Cleaning and 

packing of the 

finished goods. 

Exhibit No 2.5 


CHAPTER-2 


B) Captive Power Plant 

The proposed Captive Power Plant will generate an aggregate power of 10000 

KW. The plant will have Coal fired Boiler of designed capacity 45 TPH and 1 

extraction cum condensing Turbogenerators of 10 MW nominal capacity 

operating with steam cycle. 

The steam cycle define the transformation of the heat energy to the mechanical 

energy at the turbine shaft, through the various thermodynamic processes that is 

capable of producing the net heat flow or work when placed between the energy 

source and energy sink. The heat energy is derived from burning of coals. The 

cycle needs a working fluid and steam is viewed as the most favoured working 

fluid mainly because of its unique combination of high thermal capacity, high 

critical temperature, wide availability at cheaper cost and non toxic nature. 

Higher thermal capacity of the working fluid generally results in smaller 

equipment for the given power output or heat transfer. 

The process flow diagram is shown in Exhibit No 2.6 

2.8 Details of Plant & Machinery and Storage: 

2.8.1. Details of plant Machinery - For Ferroalloy/Ferrosilicon Plant 

Description of Plant & Machinery 

The Plant consists of a submerged arc furnace powered by Furnace 

transformer, Electric switch yard, Raw material handling system, material 

conveying system, pollution control unit, Furnace cooling system. 

Submerged Electric Arc Furnace: 

The furnace consists of a welded Steel shell containing a refractory lining. Raw 

materials required are fed into the furnace in a specified quantity for a required 


CHAPTER-2 


output. Self baked carbon electrodes are immersed in the furnace which are hung 

from the top and operated by a hydraulic system. These electrodes are connected 

to the transformer through a copper bus bar. The electrodes produce necessary 

electric arc in the furnace shell which helps in the oxidation of ores using fluxes 

& carbon. The metal and slag are taped at regular intervals and collected in 

pans/moulds. 

Main Receiving Control Room 

“Main Receiving Control cubical” is placed in this room to receive power 

Generated in the Power Plant. It consists of Current Transformer, Potential 

Transformer for metering and protection of the equipment and various electrical 

controls. It also consists circuit breakers to switch on and off the circuit and also 

to trip under fault conditions. Power is distributed to various places of plant 

from this control room. 

Raw material Day Bins: 

The raw materials are first stored in day bins. The capacity of the day bins are 

such that they cater the daily demand of raw material for the furnace. The 

materials are then transferred to the furnace in specified quantities or batch 

through a skip hoist system. The batches are controlled by an Electronic batch 

weighing system. 

Material conveying system: 

The raw materials are first dumped in a ground hopper and then conveyed to the 

day bins by a belt conveyor. The batch discharged by the batch weighing system 

is conveyed to the charging bins which are located around and above the 


CHAPTER-2 


furnace. The batch is fed into the furnace as and when required through the 

charging chutes. 

E.O.T, cranes, dumpers etc., are used to handle the hot metal which is tapped 

from the furnace at regular intervals for further processing and finally sent to the 

packing yard. acquired 

Furnace cooling system: 

Cooling system consists of a water tank, pump house and pumps. These pumps 

circulate water from the water tank to the furnace equipments which in turn 

cools the equipment and helps in their durability and overall performance. 

Pollution Control Unit: 

The furnace shell is covered by a hood which collects the smoke produced in the 

furnace and transferred to the pollution control equipment. This equipment 

consists of Gas cooler & Bag filters. The temperature of gas will be reduced in gas 

cooler and is then passed through Bag filters, which filters dust particles and 

clean gas is then discharged to atmosphere through chimney. 

List of Machinery 

a. Submerged Arc Furnace with Transformer. 

b. Pollution control equipment 

c. Hydraulic Power pack ( for Hoisting & slipping operations of 

Electrodes) 

d. Hydraulic cylinders 

e. Compressor ( to supply compressed air for cleaning of bag filters & 

for operation of pneumatic gates at charging chutes) 

f. Monorail hoist 


CHAPTER-2 


g. E.O.T Crane 

h. Belt Conveyors 

i. Skip Hoist 

j. Air Blowers 

k. Pumps & Drive 

l. Cooling Tower 

m. Telfor Car 

n. Stocking Car 

o. Water softening plant 

p. Electrical Control panels & Equipment 

q. Pneumatic cylinders 

r. P.L.C based Batch Weighting system. 

2.8.2. Captive Power Plant: The proposed plant will comprise of the following major 

systems. 

Steam generating System: 

Boiler: 

The steam generator shall be provided with single drum of fusion-welded type. 

The drum shall be provided with Torisperical/Semi Ellipsoidal/Hemisperical 

spinned dished ends. The steam drum shall be liberally sized to assure low steam 

space loading, with adequate space to accommodate the internals. The steam 

drum internals shall be provided with internals of proven design and the 

internals shall be of bolted connection. The necessary nozzle connection for the 

steam outlests, safety valves, feed water inlets, down comers, continuous blow 

down, level indicators, chemical dosing, sampling connection, drains and vents 

shall be provided on the drum. All nozzle connections shall be welded type. 


CHAPTER-2 


Turbine and Generator: The generator will have nominal rating of 10 MW with 

the generation voltage of 11 Kv, three phase, 50 Hz, at a rated power f actor of 0.8 

(lag). The machine will run at 1500 rpm, and will operate with the voltage and 

frequency variation of +- 10% and +-5% respectively. The enclosure will be of 

dust, vermin and water proof. The generator will meet other requirements .The 

generator will be complete with base rame, closed air circuit external water 

(CACW) cooling system, brushless exciter, automatic voltage regulator, neutral 

grounding cubicle, LAVT panel, relay, metering and control panels, 

instrumentation control and safety devices and other accessories, spares and 

special tools that will be required for satisfactory erection and efficient operation 

of the station. The generator coupled to the steam turbine will be suitable in all 

aspects for operating in parallel with grid. The generator will match with the 

turbine in respect of speed, over speed, moment of inertia, overload capacities, 

coupling and other relevant requirements. 

Electrostatic Precipitator: ESP installed with boiler to control the suspended 

Particulate Emission level maximum upto 50 mg/Ncum.The ESP will have RCC 

structure and circle shape with 60’ height and inside dimension of 1400mm. 

Compressors: The requirement of compressed air for instrument and control 

system of the power plant will be supplied by two instrument air compressors 

with one working and one standby. Each of the compressor shall be rated for 

adequate capacity hr at 7 kg/sq.cm(g).The air compressor shall be provided with 

accessories like inter cooler, after cooler, moisture separators ,air driers, air 

receivers and control panel. 

Air conditioning & Ventilation System The main plant control housing the 

controls for the boiler, turbo generator and balance of plant shall be air 


CHAPTER-2 


conditioned with ductable package air conditioners, which will be located in a 

plant A.C. room, adjacent to the control room. 

Ventilation System: 

The ventilation requirement for various area in the Turbo generator building 

in CPP can be broadly classified under two section: 

i. Area which need positive pressure to avoid outside air infiltration, 

which is to be achieved by continuous fresh supply. 

ii. 

Area which need exhaust ventilation and have adjacent sufficiently 

large wall to fix exhaust fans. 

Fire Protection System 

The fire protection system for the proposed CPP shall be consisting of : 

Hydrant System for all the areas of the plant. 

High velocity water spray system for Transformers 

Automatic fire detection and alarm system 

Manual fire alarm system 

Portable fire Extinguishers 

The components of the fire protection system, wherever applicable shall be BIS 

marked /TAC approved type. The system shall be designed based on safety 

requirements and generally conforming to Tariff Advisory Committee (TAC) 

regulations, and National Fire Protection Association of America. 

Portable type fire extinguishers of DCP type shall be located in the TG building, 

control room, MCC rooms fire pump house etc. 


CHAPTER-2 


Fuel Handling System 

The fuel handling system shall be designed for 16 hrs operation basis, the per 

hour consumption of fuel is as below: 

Coal Consumption : 6 MT 

The capacity of coal handling plant comes to 

6 x 24/16 = 9 MT/hr 

Therefore the plant shall be designed for 13 TPH (considering margins of 10%) 

The coal handling plant shall comprises of feeding in ground hopper, crushing 

screening, conveying & feeding to the Boiler Bunkers. 

The Coal Handling Plant will have dust extraction system & bag filters for 

combating the fugitive emissions during operation. 

Boiler Bunkers 

Shall be designed to have to capacity of storing of 16 hrs of Boiler Operation on 

MCR conditions. The storage capacity of bunkers works out to be 121.85 MT, 

therefore the bunkers shall have the volume for storing 130-140 MT of fuel. 

Boiler Fuel Feeding System 

There will be 2 x 100% pocket driven Fuel Feed form bunker to the Drag Chain 

Feeders. The pocket feeders will be variable Frequency Driven to regulate the 

Fuel feed to the Boiler as per the load demand. The Drag Chain Feeders will be 

constant speed drive & will feed the Fuel into Boiler Furnace. The Drag Chain 

feeders will also be 2 x 100%. 


CHAPTER-2 


Ash Handling and Disposal System 

The ash generation will be to the tune of maximum 20% of the coal fed and 

therefore the capacity of Ash handling system comes to 1.5 tonnes per hour 

whereas the Ash handling plant is designed for 2 tonne per hour capacity. 

The Ash storage silo will be of steel made and the capacity planned is for storing 

for 16 hours. Therefore capacity of Silo will be 2x16=32 MT and proposed 

capacity of steel silo will be 40MT. 

ASH Storage Silo 

The Silo will be of Steel construction & the capacity planned is for storing for 16 

Hrs, therefore capacity of Silo works out to be 2 x 16 = 32 MT, therefore 

considering margins the capacity of silo will be 40 MT. 

The silo will have dust conditioning system to combat fugitive emissions during 

unloading of dust for disposal. 

2.8.3 Electrical Installation: 

Proposed System: 

The Scheme of the electrical power generating for the captive power plant 

project consists of one no. 11 KV , 50 Hz, 3 phase, 0.8 PF synchronous generators 

having nominal; capacity of 10 MW. The Plant will operate in island mode except 

during start ups it will be synchronized with the grid A portion of the power 

generated in the turbogenrator will meet the power requirements of the 

Auxilairy power requirements of the Power Plant & balance will be exported to 

Ferro Alloys. The distribution will be at HT & LT levels. The HT power will be 

used in Ferro at 33 Kv & will be stepped up by a Transformer of 11/33 Kv. The 

LT power will be used for running Power Plant & Ferro Auxiliaries. There will 


CHAPTER-2 


be a step down transformer of 11/0.415 Kv rating to cater the demand of 

Auxiliary Power requirements of Ferro Alloys. 

Generator: 

Excitation System and Snchronizing Panels: 

The excitation system will be of brushless type and will be provided with the 

following features: 

a) Generator Voltage Control 

b) Excitation Current Control 

c) Excitation buildup during startup and field suppression on shutdown. 

d) Limiter for the under excited range and delayed limiter for overexcited 

range. 

e) PT fuse failure detection and auto changeover. 

f) Auto power factor control. 

Unit Control Panel: 

The unit control panel will comprise of control and metering system, 

synchronizing system, protective relays, start/stop system, alarm/ annunciation 

and temperature measurement system. The control panel will have provision for 

closing /synchronizing through the generator breaker and tie breaker. 

Plant Start UP: 

The plant shall be started by drawing the start up power from the proposed 3 x 

600 KVA capacity DG set. 

Earthing System: 

Neutral point of the distribution transformers and neutral grounding resistor of 

the TG set generators shall be effectively connected to individual earth pits and 


CHAPTER-2 


shall be interconnected, as per IEEE:80 recommendations & IS:3043. Non-current 

carrying parts of all electrical equipments viz., motors, MCCs, PCCs, distribution 

boards, control panels, HT switchgears, generators and all lightning fittings shall 

also be earthed rigidity to ensure safety. 

Cables: 

All cables shall be selected to carry the load current under site conditions, with 

permissible voltage drop. In addition, high voltage cables shall be sized to 

withstand the short circuit current. The following types of cables shall be used. 

Power cables for 11 Kv system will be with three core aluminium conductor, 

XLPE insulated, screened, armoured and overall PVC sheathed confirming to 

IS:7098/IEC:502 

The power cables of 1.1 Kv grade will be PVC insulated, aluminum conductor, 

inner sheath PVC taped strip/wire armoured with outer sheath of PVC 

compound conforming. 

The control cables for control/protection/indication circuit of the various 

equipment will be of 1.1 Kv grade, PVC insulated annealed high conductivity 

stranded copper conductor, inner sheath PVC taped, flat/ round wire armoured 

with outer sheathe of PVC compound conforming to latest. 

AC Auxiliary Supply: 

AC supplies of single and three phase, needed for internal use for several 

functions such as Illumination, Battery charging, UPS, Transformers tapchanger 

drives, Excitation supply, Power supplies for communication equipment, 

Breakers/Disconnect switch motors, space heaters in cubicles, generators and 

marshaling kiosis shall be arranged from minimum two supply sources. 


CHAPTER-2 


Lightning System: 

Good lightning in the power plant will be ensured to facilitate normal operation 

and maintenance activities and at the same time to ensure safety of the working 

personnel. Lux levels and glare index. 

Lightning Protection: 

The protections consisting of roof conductors, air terminals and down 

conductors will be provided for the power house structure and other taller 

structures of the plant. 

Switch Yard & Generator Transformers: 

The proposed 33 Kv switch yard in the plant premises will have a single bus 

arrangement with one generator transformers of rating 14 MVA, 11 Kv/33 Kv 

with control and protection arrangement. 

2.8.4 Water System 

A. Ferro Alloy Plant 

Water distribution system in the Ferro Alloy plant mainly consists of 

a) RCC Water tank 

b) Supply & distribution pipe lines 

c) Cooling tower 

d) Water header. 

In the Ferro alloy plant water is mainly required for cooling of furnace parts. 

No water is required for process. The water required for cooling of furnace is 30 

cum per day. This is equivalent to the evaporation from the water storage tank. 

A tank will be designed to store water required for 10 days i.e 300000 liters. This 


CHAPTER-2 


will be replenished every day from the water source like river intake. This water 

will be pumped from water tank to furnace through a pipe line. A water header 

is used at the furnace to distribute water to various furnace equipment through 

pipeline. The return water is collected in a trough and supplied back to the water 

tank by gravity. 

A cooling tower will be used to cool the return water and the cold water will 

then be discharged in to the water tank. 

Water from intake will first be treated to remove any impurity and to maintain 

the desired pH level so as to avoid the scaling in the pipe line. The water storage 

tank will be replenished with this treated water. 

B. For CPP 

The water system consists of the following sub-systems: 

Raw Water System: The area where the power plant will be located, has a good 

water potential both in the form of surface water and in the form of underground 

water. Source of raw water for captive power plant will be Local River. A 

detailed assessment regarding the availability of the water and quality had been 

done which ensures the required water is available. 

The power plant needs about 250 cum per day raw water for meeting its make 

up water requirements. 

Circulating Water System: The system caters to the cooling water requirement of 

the condenser of the turbo generator, the auxiliaries of the turbogenerator, the 

auxiliaries of the steam generators, the auxiliaries of CPP.A three cell, induced 

draft cross low cooling tower with all the cell operating will supply the cooling 

water for the CPP. The hot water returning from the condenser, the TG and 


CHAPTER-2 


boiler auxiliaries are cooled in the cooling tower designed for a cooling range of 9 

deg C and an approach of 4deg C while operating under the atmospheric wet 

bulb temperature of about 29 degC. The cooling tower shall be RCC construction. 

The RCC frame of the tower shall integral with the basin. The structure shall be 

designed for wind and other load as per IS:875 and earthquake resistance as per 

IS :1893 

Condensate System 

The only source of condensate for the plant is from the surface condenser. There 

is no other condensate in the plant. The loss in the system by way of blow down 

in the boiler outlet through drains, vents and leakages in the system will be 

compensated by make up water to be added to the system. This make up water 

will be treated water and this make up is let into deaerator .The condensate from 

the surface condenser is pumped by condensate extraction pumps to the 

deaerator. 


CHAPTER-2 


2.9 Raw Materials: 

Ferro Alloy/Ferro Silicon Plant: 

Raw material consumption / requirement 

TableNo.2.1 

S.NO RAW MATERIAL UNIT 

Consumption 

per Ton of 

Metal produced 

1 Quartz Ton 1.600 

2 Petro coke Ton 1.500 

3 Mill Scale Ton 0.350 

4 M.S Rounds Ton 0.025 

5 Lancing pipes Ton 0.005 

6 Casing sheet Ton 0.003 

7 Electrode carbon paste Ton 0.060 

8 Oxygen cylinders Cum 4.000 

9 Power KWH 8000 

2.9.1. Raw material Storage facilities: 

Covered sheds for raw material storage are being provided in plant. The 

storage capacities are as follows. 

a) Coke storage : 3 months storage : 3000 M.ton ( A shed of 18mtr wide 

& 47mtr length is provided. With storage height 4 mtr) 

b) Quartz storage : 3 months storage : 3000 M.ton ( A shed of 18mtr wide 

& 24mtr length is provided. With storage height 3 mtr) 

c) Mill Scale storage: 1 year storage : 2500 M.ton (A shed of 18mtr wide 

15mtr length is provided. With storage height 2.5 mtr) 

d) Carbon Paste storage: 6 months storage : 250 M.ton (A shed of 8mtr 

wide 15mtr length is provided. With storage height 1 mtr) 


CHAPTER-2 


Captive Power Plant: 

Details of Raw Materials Capacity& their storage facilities etc. 

Coal: 2000 MT equivalent to 10 days consumption 

Lime Stone: 600 MT equivalents to 10 days consumption 

LDO- 10 KL to be stored in a storage tank. 

Covered storage shall be provided for coal and lime stone for 10 days 

consumption. 

2.10 Product Storage 

Finished product will be filled in bags before dispatch and these bags will 

be stored in finished product bay in the furnace building. 

The area of finished product bay is (15mtr x 29mtr) 435 sqmtr and this can 

store up to 1000 M.ton of Finished product. 

2.11 Dispatch 

The capacity of packing system shall be as shown below: 

Packer capacity 

………tph 

For ….. packing, one no. six spouts, single discharge, electronic packing 

machines of capacity ….. tph shall be installed at the proposed plant. 

2nos. 

2.12 Quality control plan 

For Ferro Alloy/Ferro Silicon Plant: 

For Chemical Analysis: Fully Equipped Laboratory for all kinds of 

chemical analysis is being provided 

Some of the equipment & apparatus which will be used in the laboratory 

are mentioned below with specifications. 


CHAPTER-2 


a) MUFFLE FURNACE 

Temperature Availability : 1200 Deg C, KW : 2.75 

Inner Chamber Dimensions: 30cm X 15cm X 15m 

Outer Chamber Dimensions : 60cm X 40cm X 45cm 

with Pyrometer, Cr/Al Thermometer, Compensating cable, 

Thermal fuse, Temperature Controller. 

b) C & S APPARATUS 

c) OVEN: PEW 250A 

Working Chamber : 35 x 35 x 35 cms 

Outer Chamber : 47 x 48 x 63 cms, 1300W 

Temperature controller with display, 

Temp Availability: 300Deg C 

d) Heater: JOHNSON Coil stove with regulator, 2000W 

e) DISTILLED WAWTER PLANT: 

2 Coils - 4 Lit/Hr., KW: 3.00, 12 amps. 

f) ELECTRONIC BALANCE 

DIGITAL DISPLAY BALANCE 

0.1mg ACCURACY, 200g MAXIMUM. 

g) TEST SIEVES 

Mesh No. 100 (150 Microns), Brass Frame 200mm Dia 

Mesh No. 60 ( 250 Microns), With lid & Receiver 

1mm, 3mm, 6mm, 10mm, 50mm ( S.S Frame 18"x4") 


CHAPTER-2 


square aperature 

Any other as per requirement will be procured 

h) SAMPLE CRUSING PLATE 

25mm THICKNESS, Manganese Steel plate or M.S plate 

i) SPATULAS 

SILICA CRUCIBLE 

PLATINUM CRUCIBLE 

WIRE GAUZE MESH 

CRUCIBLE TONG ( 8" & 18") 

BEAKER TONGS 

J) MORTAR& PESTLE 

(S.S MORTARS), SIZE : 9 or 7 

k) FILTER PAPERS: Whatmann Circles 125MM Dia, Nos: 4 , 2 , 1 

l) GLASS WARE 

Burette : 50ML Class A or B 

Pippettes: 10, 25, 50,100ml Capacity 

Beaker: 250, 400, 500ml Capacity 

Volumetric Flasks: 250, 500, 1000 ml Capacity 

Conical Flasks : 1000ml, 500ml Capacity 

Reagent Bottles : 500ml. Capacity 

Wash bottles : 500ml Capacity 

Watch Glasses 100mm, 75mm 


CHAPTER-2 


Glass Rods 5mm Dia 

Glass Funnels 100mm. 75mm Dia 

m) FILTRATION STANDS 

n) BURETTE STANDS 

For Physical analysis : The laboratory also has space provision and equipment 

required for physical analysis 

2.13. Quality control plan 

Highly qualified and experienced Chemist will be engaged as Chief 

Chemist. He will be monitoring the quality control along with the production 

manager. He will be assisted by shift chemists and lab assistants. 

“The company is committed to produce metal of grade (specified 

percentage of chemical constituents) as per the market requirement and to certify 

the quality after chemical and physical analysis in the laboratory. The same 

product will be open for analysis and certification from authorized quality 

control organizations. After satisfactory certification only the material will be 

dispatched to the buyer” 

The raw material procured will be stacked in separate lots of 50 tons or 100 

tons each. Each lot will be separately analysed and recorded. 

These lots will be used for production and the product obtained also will 

be stacked in separate lots. Analysis is carried out on the finished product and 

recorded for all lots. 

This exercise will facilitate to make any necessary changes in the 

production technique used so as to get the product of desired quality. 


CHAPTER-2 


The same records may be used to trace back the product quality / raw 

material used, at any time after the dispatch. 

For CPP: 

Chemical laboratory for testing of boiler water & steam quality, testing of 

coal etc 

2.14 Utility Systems 

For Ferro Alloy/Ferro Silicon Plant: 

i. Compressed Air Supply: Air Compressor of capacity 230 CFM (cubic feet 

per minute) will be installed in the plant. The compressed air is required 

mainly for cleaning of bag filters of the pollution control equipment. 

Compressed Air with regulated pressure is supplied continuously 

through the filter bags in the direction opposite to the smoke. So as to 

dislodge the dust particles from the filter bags. 

ii. 

Power: 

Power distribution scheme for the plant mainly consists of 

a) Control room (11kV) 

b) Auxiliary transformer & L.T power distribution panel 

c) L.T Panels 

d) Furnace Transformer 

e) Cable trenches & cable trays to connect the above equipment. 

Power generated in the captive power plant is supplied to control 

room at 11 kV Voltage. This power is first received by a group 

breaker (which controls switching on and off). The power is then 

fed into other breakers like Furnace Transformer back up 


CHAPTER-2 


breaker, capacitor bank breaker & auxiliary transformer breaker. 

These breakers will have control panels by which the power is 

monitored and controlled. From these breakers cables are run to 

Furnace transformer, capacitor bank & auxiliary transformer 

from the respective breakers. 

The auxiliary power required at various parts of the plant is 

supplied from a power distribution panel (L.T.P.D.B) which is 

powered by auxiliary transformer. 

L.T Panels are located in the plant at various places nearer to the 

equipment for their power supply and control. 

Furnace Transformer and its breaker are located near the Furnace 

which is connected to its back up breaker located in 11kV Control 

room by cables. The furnace transformer in turn supplies power to 

furnace through a copper bus bar. 

iii. Water 

Water distribution system in the Ferro Alloy plant mainly consists of 

a) RCC Water tank 

b) Supply & distribution pipe lines 

c) Cooling tower 

d) Water header. 

In the Ferro alloy plant water is mainly required for cooling of furnace 

parts. No water is required for process. The water required for cooling of 

furnace is 30 cum per day. This is equivalent to the evaporation from the 

water storage tank. A tank will be designed to store water required for 10 


CHAPTER-2 


days i.e 300000 liters. This will be replenished every day from the water 

source like river intake. This water will be pumped from water tank to 

furnace through a pipe line. A water header is used at the furnace to 

distribute water to various furnace equipment through pipeline. The 

return water is collected in a trough and supplied back to the water tank 

by gravity. 

A cooling tower will be used to cool the return water and the cold water 

will then be discharged in to the water tank. 

Water from intake will first be treated to remove any impurity and to 

maintain the desired pH level so as to avoid the scaling in the pipe line. 

The water storage tank will be replenished with this treated water. 

Estimated Water Requirement in CPP during construction phase: 

Approximately 50m 3 / day 

2.15 Auxiliary Infrastructural Facilities. 

Workshop: A room of size 8mtr x 15mtr (1300 sft) will be used as work shop. It 

will be equipped with tools & tackles like plate bending machine, welding 

machines, drilling machines, cutting equipment and accessories & lathe 

machine for daily maintenance & repair works. 

Machinery Stores: A room of size 8mtr x 15mtr (1300 sft) will be used as stores. 

Spare parts of all the equipment used in plant, oils and consumables like 

welding electrodes, cutting hoses etc are kept in the stores. All the incoming 

and outgoing material in the plant will be recorded by the stores staff. 

Following are some of the material stored in the stores 

Nut & bolts 


CHAPTER-2 


Asbestos rope 

Diesel 

Spanner sets 

Conveyor rollers 

Motors & Gear boxes 

Hydraulic oil 

Bearings 

Welding electrodes (M.S & Copper) 

Welding helmets & other accessories 

Cutting accessories 

Safety helmets 

Hand gloves 

Safety shoes 

Hose pipes 

MCBs 

Lamps 

First aid kit 

Fire extinguishers 

Lubricants 

i.Cranes, Monorails and Pulley blocks: 

10 M.ton capacity EOT crane will be used in the crane bay of furnace building 

for handling. This will be used for handling of hot liquid metal tapped from 

furnace shell. 


CHAPTER-2 


Monorail hoist of 5 M.ton capacity will be provided at the top of furnace 

building to lift electrode casings, Electrode carbon paste and any other material 

used in furnace. 

Chain Pulley blocks of 5 M.ton & 2 M.ton capacities will be used in the furnace 

building for repair and maintenance works. 

Technical & Administrative office 

Central administration building with work space sufficient for administrative & 

technical staff will be provided in the plant. This building will be furnished 

with lights, fans, office furniture and office accessories like printers & 

computers etc. Conference hall, dining space and water & toilet facilities will be 

provided in this building. 

ii.Time and Security office 

Security cum time office will be provided at the entrance gate. Entry and exit of 

material, vehicles, and workers will be recorded by the security guards. 

iii.Dispensary 

Medical dispensary will be provided in the plant premises which will store 

general medicines & first aid kits. This will have water heater facility. 

iv.Weighbridge 

60 M.ton capacity electronic weigh bridge will be provided for weighment of 

trucks. Printers & weight monitor will be provided in a weigh house. 

v.Bags godown 

Finished product will be filled in bags before dispatch and these bags will 

be stored in finished product bay in the furnace building. 

The area of Finished product bay is (15mtr x 29mtr) 435 sqmtr and this can 

store up to 1000 M.ton of Finished product. 


CHAPTER-2 


vi.Parking 

Parking area of 600 sqmtr is provided for truck parking. Separate parking area of 

600 sq mtr is provided for car & motorcycle parking near the administrative 

building. 

2.16 Implementation Schedule 

Land measuring 11.47 acre for the proposed project has already been 

acquired. Land development for the proposed factory and captive power plant is 

under process. Trial runs to be done in the month of December 2010. Considering 

the above project implementation period it has been assumed that the unit may 

commence its commercial production from January, 2011. 

Captive Power Plant: 

14 months from Main Plant Order i.e. Boiler and Turbine. 

Implementation schedule are shown in Exhibit No2.7A, 2.7B, 2.7C 


CHAPTER-2 


2.17 Capital Cost: 

Sl. 

NO. 

Item 

Ferro 

Alloys (Rs in 

Lacs) 

Captive 

Power Plant 

(Rs in Lacs) 

TableNo.2.2 

Total 

a) Hard Cost 

1. Land & Land Development 152.0 152.0 304.0 

2. Factory Shed and Civil Cost 

2.1 Factory shed 704 402.0 1106 

2.2 Estimation of Combined 

Administrative Building, 

Guest House & Labour 

219.0 - 219 

Quarter 

3 Plant & Machinery 856.0 3,713.00 4569 

4 Electrical Installation 317.0 532.0 849 

5 Miscellaneous Fixed Assets 112.0 63.0 175 

Total (a) 2,360 4,862.0 7222 

b) Soft Cost 

6 Contingency Provision for 

47.0 97.0 144 

Cost Escalaction 

7 Pre-operative Expenses 345.0 663.0 1008 

8 Preliminary Expenses 40.0 - 40.0 

9 Margin for working Capital 205.0 56.0 261.0 

Total (b) 637.0 816.0 1453 

10 Total Project Cost 2997.00 5,678.0 8675 

2.18.1 Duration of Operation & Manpower 

24 hrs for 310 days in a year. 

Maximum strength of construction workers is 65 for Ferrosilicon Plant. 

Maximum strength of construction workers is ------ for CPP Plant. 


CHAPTER-2 


2.18.2 Details of work force 

TableNo.2.3 

S.No Description of Work 

Duration No of workers 

of work 

1 Civil buildings, …………… …………… 

Plant foundations 

2 Road & drainage …………… …………… 

works 

3 Furnace building, 12 months 30 

Raw 

Material handling 

system 

& other sheds 

4 Fabrication & 5 months 20 

erection 

Of Furnace 

5 Electrical Installation 2 months 15 

A. Ferro alloy & Ferro Silicon Plant: 

Ferro alloy & Ferro Silicon will operate for 3 shifts. The manpower 

deployment will be 107 during operational phase. 

B) Captive Power Plant: 

The plant will operate for 3 shifts. The manpower deployment will be 125 

during operational phase. 

The total technical executives required are around …….. and technical 

manpower will be ……. The manpower required during implementation phase 

will be ……. 


CHAPTER-3 

3.0 PRESENT ENVIRONMENT SCENARIO 

3.1 STUDY DESCRIPTION 

3.1.1. Study Area 

An area covering about 10 Km from the periphery of the project site 

of Shri Sakhambri Ferro Alloys were taken and the various features like the 

roads, water bodies, residential habitats, transportation networks etc were 

identified and other relevant data like the population etc. were evaluated. 

3.1.2. Study Period 

The present EIA/EMP for Shri Sakhambri Ferro Alloys was carried 

out during the Winter Season i.e. October 2009 to December 2009 for three 

months. During the course of study in these three months, primary data 

pertaining to the environmental components like air quality, water quality, 

noise levels and soil quality were generated .Secondary data was collected 

from various government sources in the district for Socio-economic and 

flora & fauna. 

3.1.3. Study Components 

S.No Attribute Parameters Remark 

Table No. 3.1 

1 Meteorology Wind Speed and 

Direction, 

Temperature, 

Relative Humidity & 

Rainfall 

Continuous with 

hourly recording at 

project site and 

collection of historical 

met data from the 

nearest IMD

CHAPTER-3 

EIA/EMP of ShriShakambari FerroAlloys Pvt.Ltd 

CHAPTER-3 


3.1 STUDY DESCRIPTION 

3.1.1. Study Area 

An area covering about 10 Km from the periphery of the mining lease 

of Shri Sakhambri Ferro Alloys were taken and the various features like the 

roads, water bodies, residential habitats, transportation networks etc were 

identified and other relevant data like the population etc. were evaluated. 

3.1.2. Study Period 

The present EIA/EMP for Shri Sakhambri Ferro Alloys was carried 

out during the Winter Season i.e. October 2009 to December 2009 for three 

months. During the course of study in these three months, primary data 

pertaining to the environmental components like air quality, water quality, 

noise levels and soil quality were generated .Secondary data was collected 

from various government sources in the district for Socio-economic and 

flora & fauna. 

3.1.3. Study Components 

Table No. 3.1 

S.No Attribute Parameters Remark 

1 Meteorology Wind Speed and 

Direction, 

Temperature, Relative 

Humidity & Rainfall 

Continuous with 

hourly 

recording at project 

site and 

collection of historical 

met 

data from the nearest 

IMD 


CHAPTER-3 


2 

3 

4 

5 

Ambient air quality 

Water quality 

RSPM,SPM, SO2, NOx 

and CO 

Physical, Chemical and 

Bacteriological 

Parameters as per 

APHA and IS 

standards 

Eight locations (C-1, 

B-7) at a frequency of 

24 hourly samples 

twice a week. 

Six locations for 

surface water. 

Water flow Water flow Once during study 

period at two 

locations 

Noise levels Noise levels in dB(A) Once during study 

period at Six locations 

6 

Soil characteristics 

Soil profile, 

characteristics, soil 

type and texture, NKP 

value etc. 

Once during study 

period at Five locations 

7 

Socio-economic 

Aspects 

Socio-economic 

characteristics 

Secondary data from 

Census 

Reports for core and 

buffer zone 

8 

Ecology 

Existing terrestrial 

flora and fauna 

Through field visits 

and secondary data 

9 

Land use 

Land use for different 

categories 

(Satellite Imagery & 

Ground truthing ) 

Based on secondary 

data for core and 

buffer zone. 

. 


CHAPTER-3 


3.2 General Climatic Conditions (Secondary data): 

a) Temperature 

The records of temperature have been obtained from the nearest 

meteorological station at Barapani (Umroi Airport), which represents 

regional phenomena. The monthly highest & lowest temperature in West 

Khasi Hillsdistrict for the years 2008 is given in Table No. 3.2. 

Maximum temperature reaches up to 29.2 °C. in west khasi hill during 

August. Minimum temperature goes down to about 4.6°C during January. 

MONTHWISE HIGHEST & LOWEST TEMPERATURE IN West Khasi 

Hills DISTRICT, 2008 

Table No. 3.2 

MONTH 

TEMPERATURE (Deg.C) 

MAX. 

MIN. 

January,08 20.3 6.6 

February, 08 20.8 4.6 

March, 08 25.5 11.3 

April, 08 27.6 14.4 

May, 08 28.9 16.8 

June, 08 28.3 20.4 

July, 08 28.7 21.4 

August, 08 28.5 21.1 

September, 08 29.2 19.6 

October, 08 27.0 16.1 

November, 08 24.8 9.8 

December, 08 22.7 8.7 

Source: Meteorological Centre, LGBI Airport, Guwahati 


CHAPTER-3 


b) Rainfall 

The rainfall data of the year 2008 of west khasi hill are given in Table 

No. 3.3. The total annual rainfall is about 1688.7 mm. About more than 60% 

of annual rain is distributed between Junes to September. 

MONTHWISE ACTUAL RAINFALL AT WEST KHASI Hill, 2008 

Table 3.3 

MONTH 

Rainfall in mm 

January 30.0 

February 3.8 

March 64.1 

April 64.8 

May 230.6 

June 220.5 

July 235.0 

August 329.5 

September 283.2 

October 210.5 

November 6.1 

December 10.6 


c) Humidity 

Relative Humidity for one years of year 2008 at the nearest meteorological 

station is given in Table No. 3.4. 


CHAPTER-3 


MONTHLY AVERAGE HUMIDITY RECORDED AT West Khasi Hill, 2008 

Table No. 3.4 

MONTH 

RELATIVE 

HUMIDITY 

at 0830 hrs. 

(%) 

January 82.0 

February 75.0 

March 74.0 

April 68.0 

May 72.0 

June 81.0 

July 84.0 

August 87.0 

September 80.0 

October 80.0 

November 75.0 

December 89.0 


3.3 BASE LINE INFORMATION 

3.3.1 Selection of sampling stations 

3.3.1.1 Micro-meteorological station 

The meteorological data like temperature, humidity, wind speed, 

wind direction, cloud cover and rainfall were recorded at site. Wind speed 

and direction recorder, thermometer, hygrometer and rain gauge were used. 

The meteorology station was set up on rooftop of the site office. (Refer 

Exhibit No. 3.1 for Meteorological Station). 

3.3.1.2 Ambient Air Quality Location: 

The ambient air quality was monitored at 8 locations. The details of 

the monitoring locations with direction and distance from the project site are 

as below & shown in Exhibit No. 3.1. 


CHAPTER-3 


Core Zone 

A-1 :- Inside Project Site 

Buffer Zone 

A-2 :- Riwiang Village (Near Project Site)- 0.75 KM (NW) 

A-3 :- Mobergaon Village-1.20 KM (N) 

A-4 :- Seinduly Town-6.66 KM(NW) 

A-5 :- Umjaru Village-0.90 KM (S) 

A-6 :- Mawiongdeep-5.00 KM (SE) 

A-7 :- Klangrin -3.72 KM ( N) 

A-8 :- Tar-6.25 KM ( NE) 

3.3.1.3 Water Quality Locations: 

The water quality was monitored at 6 locations. The details of the monitoring 

locations are discussed hereunder and shown in Exhibit No 3.2. 

Surface Water 

W-1 Upstream of Riwiang River 

W-2 Down stream of Riwing River 

Sample Collected from Naula 

W-3 Riwiang Village: Sample collected from Naula (used for 

drinking purpose) 

W-4 Marucsain village: Sample collected from Naula (used for 


W-5 Mayoban: Sample collected from Naula (used for 


W-6 Urkali village: Sample collected from Naula (used for 


3.3.1.4 Water Flow Measurement Locations 

For water flow measurement was done at 2 locations (as given below 

& shown in Exhibit No 3.2). 

WF-1 

WF-2 

Up Stream Riwiang River 

Down Stream Riwiang River 


CHAPTER-3 


3.3.1.5 Noise Monitoring Locations 

Noise monitoring was carried out at 6 locations as per the details 

given below (refer Exhibit No. 3.2). 

Core Zone 

N-1 Inside Project Site 

Buffer Zone 

N-2 Riwiang Village (Near Project Site) 

N-3 Mobergaon Village 

N-4 Seinduly Town 

N-5 Umjaru Village 

N-6 Mawiongdep 

3.3.1.6 Soil Quality Monitoring Locations 

Soil samples were collected at 5 locations as per the details given below: 

(refer Exhibit No 3.3.) 

S-1 :- Marucsain village 

S-2 :- Klangrin village 

S-3 :- Seinduly (Oak forest) 

S-4 :- Marucsain (Pine forest) 

S-5 : Near Project Site 

3.3.2 Sampling Procedure 

3.3.2.1 Micro Meteorological Monitoring 

Micro meteorological station was set up at inside proposed project site 

to record various meteorological parameters. For recording various 

parameters following apparatus were used: 

a) Thermometer (for Temperature) 

b) Hygrometer (for Humidity) 

c) Anemometer (for wind speed) 

d) Wind vane (for wind direction) 


CHAPTER-3 


e) Rain gauge (for Measurement of rain fall) 

The "Cloud cover" was recorded by visual observation of the sky. 

Hourly data of meteorology was used for preparation of seasonal wind-rose 

diagrams. 

3.3.2.2. Ambient Air Monitoring: 

Time averaged in-situ sampling was adopted by passing a known 

volume of air through a trap, and a collecting medium (filter paper and 

bubbler). High Volume Sampler/Respirable Dust Sampler were used for the 

purpose. 

Analytical methods followed for ambient air quality monitoring: 

i) Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) & Respirable Particulate Matter 

(RPM) : 

The samples for SPM & RPM were collected on filter paper by 

Respirable dust sampler operated at maximum rate of 1.5 cu.m./min. and 

concentrations were determined gravimetrically on 24 hours basis. 

ii) Sulphur-dioxide (Improved West & Gaeke Method) : 

Sulphur-dioxide measurement was done by aspirating a measured 

volume of air through sodium tetrachloromercurate solution. It forms a 

stable dichloro-sulphitomercurate. The amount of SO2 is estimated by the 

reading from spectrophotometer at 560 nm. 

iii) Nitrogen Oxides (Modified Jacob & Hochheiser Method) : 

Nitrogen oxides were estimated by bubbling air through 0.1 N 

sodium hydroxide (with sodium arsenate) solution to form a stable solution 

of sodium nitrite. The nitrite ion produced during a sampling is determined 


CHAPTER-3 


using spectrophotometer at 540 nm by reacting the exposed absorbing 

reagent with phosphoric acid, sulphanilamide and NEDA. 

iv) Carbon Monoxide [IS:5182 (Part-X) 1976] : 

Grab sample of ambient air has been taken in the sampling tube. The 

sample is injected into gas chromatograph (with methaniser) where it is 

carried from one end of the column to other. During the movement the 

carbon monoxide is converted into methane and sample undergoes 

distribution at different rates, ultimately separating from one another. The 

separated constituents are detected in form of distinct peaks in the plotter. 

3.3.2.3 Water Quality Monitoring: 

As per the standard practice, one sample from each station was 

collected once, during the season. Grab water samples were collected in 

plastic container by standard sampling technique. Necessary precautions 

were taken for sample preservation. 

The physical parameters viz. pH, temperature & conductivity were 

measured at site by using portable water analysis kit (century). DO was 

fixed on spot as per Winkler’s method, Parameters like hardness, colour, 

taste and odour, residual chlorine and free ammonia were analysed at the 

site, immediately after collection of water samples. The parameters as 

defined ―General Standards for Discharge of Environmental Pollutions [GSR 

422(E) and GSR 801 (E)] were analysed as per the procedures defined in 

IS:2488 and ―standard methods for water and waste water analysis‖ 

(AWWA, APHA). 


CHAPTER-3 


3.3.2.4 Water Flow 

Water flow measurements were carried out at 2 locations by following 

the procedures as defined is IS:1192. 

Measurement of water flow in streams consists of two aspects viz., 

measuring the velocity of flow in stream and estimating the cross sectional 

area of the stream at the points of flow measurement. These aspects were 

carried out in the following manner: 

Flow: 

[{(v0 +v1)/2} + {(d0 + d1)/2} + {(v1 +v2)/2} {(d1 +d2)/2} + ...{(vn-1 +vn)/2} {(dn-1 

+dn)/2}]w 

Where: 

v0 = 0 

v1 = average velocity (m/sec) of water at point 1 

v2 = average velocity (m/sec) of water at point 2 

vn = 0 

d0 = 0 

d1 = depth of water in meter at point 1 

d2 = depth of water in meter at point 2 

dn = 0 

w = width of each segment 

For measuring the velocity of flow, water current meter (Semitron 

make) was used. The water current meter was dipped into the water flow 

and number of counts per minute was recorded. These counts were used to 

estimate the velocity using a calibration chart for the current meter. 

The width and depths of the nalla/ streams have been measured by 

conventional techniques using measuring tape for width and pole for the 

depth. 


CHAPTER-3 


3.3.2.5 Ambient Noise Level: 

Ambient noise level monitoring was done by an integrating sound 

level meter (CR-275) of Cirrus Research Plc., U.K. in dB (A). Out door noise 

measurements were made at a height of 1.5m, above the ground and away 

from sound reflecting sources like walls, buildings etc. 

The Ambient noise level monitoring was carried out day and night as 

given below: 

3.3.2.6 Soil Quality: 

Sl.No. Time (hrs.) Duration (minutes) 

1 08:00-11:00 30 

2 14:00-17:00 30 

3 18:00-21:00 30 

4 24:00-03:00 30 

Soil samples were collected and analyzed by following standard 

procedures diagnosis and improvement of Saline and Alkali Soils, 

Agriculture handbook No. 60 of US Department of Agriculture. 

Objective of study was to know quality of different soil profiles, its 

fertility potential and biological status (from 0 to 30 cm) in the area. 

3.3.2.7 Sampling procedure and analysis: 

Samples were collected up to the depth of 0-30 cm from the surface at 

3 sampling spots. At each spot, surface litter was scrapped and samples 

were taken using depth sampler. These samples were kept for some time for 

air drying at room temperature. Samples were stored in polythene bags with 

label at the tap. 


CHAPTER-3 


Soil sample was collected with the help of core sampling tube and 

rammer. The debris upto the surface was removed with the help of spade, 

then core of measured size was kept on the cleaned soil surface which was 

hit vertically with the help of rammer. Once the core gets in the soil the soil 

gets fitted, it was taken out by digging the surrounding earth with the help 

of shovel, (A manual agricultural implement with a curved blade fixed into 

a wooden handle). 

Samples were analyzed for the following parameters : 

pH 

Potassium 

Electrical Conductivity Calcium 

Nitrogen 

Magnesium 

Phosphorous 

Organic Carbon 

Iron 

Grain size distribution 

Boron 

Cation exchange capacity 

Biological status 

Natural Moisture content 

Bulk density 

3.3.3 Data Analysis 

3.3.3.1 Meteorological Study: 

Meteorological data were recorded hourly for 90 days. Calm 

condition prevailed over 68.4 % of the time of the study period. The 

predominant wind direction was E over 15.0% of the time in which speed of 

1 to 19 km/hr was recorded and NE over 7.3 % of the time in which speed of 

1 to 19 km/hr was recorded. The next predominant direction was NW over 

2.8 % of the time in which speed of 1 to19 km/hr was recorded. The 

seasonal wind rose diagrams for 24 hours period are given in Exhibit 3.4 

and 3.5 respectively. 


CHAPTER-3 


The maximum & minimum temperature, relative humidity (%) & 

Rainfall (mm) recorded during the season are given below: 

Sr. Parameters October November December 

No. 

1. Max. Temperature( 0 C) 25.1 21.6 18.5 

2. Min. Temperature( 0 C) 13.9 8.5 5.9 

3. Max. Relative Humidity 77 78 75 

(%) 

4. Min. Relative Humidity 41 39 35 

(%) 

5. Rainfall(mm) Nil Nil Nil 

3.3.3.2 Ambient Air Quality: 

Ambient air quality was monitored at 8 locations within 10 km. radius 

of the lease. 

The ambient air results are given in Table Nos. 3.5 o 3.12 and the 

overall arithmetic mean values are discussed below: 

Out of 8 locations the average maximum Respirable Particulate Matter 

was found in Seindully Town (42.0 µg/m 3 ) & average minimum value (24.4 

µg/m 3 ) was found in project site. 


CHAPTER-3 


50.00 

RPM 

40.00 

30.00 

20.00 

RPM 

10.00 

0.00 

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 

The average maximum Suspended Particulate Matter was found to be 

93.75 µg/cu.m. at Seindully Town and average minimum value (60.5 

µg/m 3 ) was found in Umjaru Village. 

100.00 

SPM 

80.00 

60.00 

40.00 

SPM 

20.00 

0.00 

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 


CHAPTER-3 


Similarly average maximum SO2 was found in Mobergaon (8.04 

µg/m 3 ) & average minimum value was found in Project Site (6.2 µg/m 3 ). 

9.00 

8.00 

7.00 

6.00 

5.00 

4.00 

3.00 

2.00 

1.00 

0.00 

SO2 

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 

SO2 

Similarly average maximum NOX 17.27 µg/cu.m. value was found 

MAWIONGDEP and average minimum NOX value (11.0 µg/cu.m.) was 

found Tar Village. 

20.00 

Nox 

15.00 

10.00 

Nox 

5.00 

0.00 

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 


CHAPTER-3 


The CO values at all the locations were found to be BDL (

CHAPTER-3 


NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (NAAQS) 

Table No. 3. 13 

POLLUTANTS Time 

Weighted 

Average 

Concentration of Ambient Air 

Industrial 

Area 

Residential 

Rural and 

other area 

Sensitive 

area 

Method of 

Measurement 

Sulphur Dioxide 

(SO2) 

Annual 

Average 

24 hours 

80μg/m 3 

120μg/m 3 

60μg/m 3 

80μg/m 3 

15μg/m 3 

30μg/m 3 

Improved west 

and Geake 

Method 

Ultraviolet 

fluorescence 

Oxides of 

Nitrogen (NO2) 

Annual 

Average 

24 hours 

80μg/m 3 

120μg/m 3 

60μg/m 3 

80μg/m 3 

15μg/m 3 

30μg/m 3 

Jacob 

Hochheister 

modified 

(Na-Arsenite 

method 

Gas Phase 

Chemilumine 

scence 

Suspended 

Particulate 

Matter (SPM) 

Annual 

Average 

24 hours 

360μg/m 3 

500μg/m 3 

140μg/m 3 

200μg/m 3 

70μg/m 3 

100μg/m 3 

High Volume 

sampling 

(average flow 

rate not less 

than 1.1 

m3/minute) 

Respirable 

Particulate 

Matter (size Less 

than 10μm) RPM 

Annual 

Average 

24 hours 

120μg/m 3 

150μg/m 3 

60μg/m 3 

100μg/m 3 

50μg/m 3 

75μg/m 3 

Respirable 

particulate 

matter 

sampler 

Carbon 

Monoxide 

8 hours 

1 hour 

5.0mg/m 3 

10.0mg/m 3 

2.0mg/m 3 

4.0mg/m 3 

1.0mg/m 3 

2.0mg/m 3 

Non dispersive 

infrared 

spectroscopy 


CHAPTER-3 


3.3.3.3 Water Quality: 

The water quality monitoring was done at 6 locations within 10 km. 

radius area from the lease. 

The water results are given in Table No. 3.14. 

Out of 6 samples collected from different locations 2 samples are from 

surface and 4 samples from naula used for drinking purpose. 

Surface Water: 

The water samples are from upsteram Riwing River (W-1) and down 

stream of Riwing River (W-2). 

Code No. pH TDS 

(mg/l) 

Chloride 

(mg/l) 

Fluoride 

(mg/l) 

Nitrate 

(mg/l) 

Iron 

(mg/l) 

Total 

Coliform 

(MPN) 

W-1 7.10 22.0 10.0 0.58 0.24 0.42 54 

W-2 7.30 29.0 12.0 0.54 0.18 0.38 45 

Desirable Limits 

IS: 2296 

(Class C) 

6.5-8.5 1500 600 1.50 50.00 50.00 5000 

The result shows the contribution due to the mining is negligible. All the 

parameters are well within the prescribed limit of IS: 2296 (Class C). 

The water samples are from Naula near Riwing village (W-3), Naula 

near Marucsain village (W-4), Naula near Mayo ban village (W-5) and Naula 

near Urkali village. 


CHAPTER-3 


Code 

No. 

pH 

TDS 

(mg/l) 

Chloride 

(mg/l) 

Fluoride 

(mg/l) 

Nitrate 

(mg/l) 

Iron 

(mg/l) 

Total 

Coliform 

(MPN) 

W-3 6.9 28.00 12.01 0.54 0.44 0.60 Nil 

W-4 7.8 14.00 10.01 0.51 0.56 0.34 Nil 

W-5 6.7 12.00 16.02 0.55 0.12 0.50 Nil 

W-6 7.1 16.00 20.02 0.52 0.10 0.41 Nil 

Desirable Limits 

IS: 2296 

(Class C) 

6.5-8.5 1500 600 1.50 50.00 50.00 5000 

All the samples collected from Naula (Traditional Name).There is no 

source of ground water so community are using Naula water for drinking 

purpose after traditional treatment. All the parameters are well within the 

prescribed limit of IS: 2296 (Class C). 

3.3.3.4 Water Flow 

The Water flow measurement was carried out during winter season 

2009 at two locations. The details of the findings are given below: 

Sl. No. Location Flow m 3 /hr 

WF-1 Upstream Riwing river 

19458.65 

WF-2 Downstream Riwing river 

19592.53 

From the results it is clear that the project site has adequate surface 

water, which is enough for captive power plant etc. 

3.3.3.5 Noise 

The noise level survey was carried out at 6 locations and the details of 

the survey are given below: 


CHAPTER-3 


Station Code 

Noise level in dB(A) 

Maximum Minimum Day 

(leq) 

Ambient Noise Level (dBA) 

Core Zone 

N-1 Inside PROJECT 

SITE 

Buffer Zone 

N-2 RIWIANG 

VILLAGE 

(NEAR 

PROJECT SITE) 

N-3 MOBERGAON 

VILLAGE 

N-4 SEINDULY 

TOWN 

N-5 UMJARU 

VILLAGE 

Night 

(leq) 

48.0 41.0 45.9 43.9 

43.5 38.5 41.1 39.6 

45.7 39.4 40.2 38.7 

56.4 42.2 44.2 41.4 

44.6 39.2 42.6 38.7 

N-6 MAWIONGDEP 46.6 39.0 45.5 41.4 

Ambient Noise Level: 

Ambient noise level Project site (N-1) was found to be 45.9 dB (A) in 

day time and 38.4 dB (A) in night time respectively. All the values are well 

within the prescribed limit of 75 and 70 dB (A) for project site in day and 

night time respectively. Ambient noise level at Riwing Village (Near 

Project Site) (N-2), Mobergaon village (N-3), SEINDULY TOWN (N-4), 

UMJARU VILLAGE (N-5) & MAWIONGDEP (N-6) were found to be 41.1, 

40.2, 44.2, 42.6 & 45.5 dB(A) in day time and 43.9, 39.6, 38.7, 41.4, 38.7 & 41.4 

dBA in night time respectively. All the values are well within the prescribed 

limit 55 dBA & 45 dBA for residential area in day and night time 

respectively. 


CHAPTER-3 


3.3.3.6 Soil Quality 

Soil may be defined as a mixture of rock and mineral material with 

the organic matter. Soil is the net results of the action of climate and 

organisms especially plant on the earth crust. The data analysis of the soil 

monitoring results collected nearby Shri Sakhambri Ferro Alloys from 

different locations is given in Table No 3.15. 

From the results it can be concluded that the pH of soil is normal 

ranging from 5.6 to 5.8 .Average nitrogen values area in low to medium 

range (245.6 to 337.9 kg/ha), average potassium value was in medium range 

(230 to 254 kg/ha). The average phosphorus value were also in medium 

range (10.7 to 15.4 kg/ha). Biological results show good biological status. 

The average value of heterotrophy, counts per gm were in the range of 3.0 

x 10 5 to 5.0 x 10 5 . 

3.4 Socio-Economic Scenario 

The socio-economic scenario in the 10 kms radius of the Shri Sakhambri 

Ferro Alloys is based on secondary data collected from statistical records. 

2001 census data have been used for demographic features. 

The buffer zone falls under West Khasi Hills districts. Forest land 

occupies a major portion of the study area. The study area comprises of 39 

census villages with a total population of 20127. 

No village fall in the core zone of Shri Sakhambri Ferro Alloys . 

3.4.1 Demographic features of study area: 

The socio-economic scenario in the 10 Kms radius of the Riwiang 

secondary data collected from statistical records. The core zone constitutes 


CHAPTER-3 


the lease area of the plant while the remaining area is the buffer zone, both 

together forming the study area. 

The study area comprises of 32 census villages with only one village, 

i.e., Riwiang; falling in the core zone. The remaining lie in the buffer zone. 

i) Population: 

The total population in the study area is 7,177 persons in 1206 

households. Only one villages namely Kyrdum have total population 

greater than 500 persons, while three villages namely Seinduli I, 

Mawlangdep and Janepih are having population from 400 to 500 persons. 

Two villages namely Mawsyrpat and Umshynrut have population from 300 

to 400. There are 9 villages having a total population from 200 to 300 

persons. The villages having a total population from 100 to 200 persons are 

12 and 5 villages including Riwiang have population less than 100 persons. 

ii) Sex ratio: 

Sex ratio is the number of females per thousand male. The average sex 

ratio in the study area is 964 females/thousand males. The range of sex ratio 

in study area is from 730 females/thousand males in Langpih to 1138 

females/thousand males in Village Nohrisong. Only 9 villages namely 

Umdiangser, Langpih, Porla A, Tiniang, Seinduli I, Nongdisong, Mawpon, 

Rynniang and Thiepjaphlang have sex ratio less than 900 females/thousand 

male. 11 villages have sex ratio between 900 to 1000 females/thousand male. 

The sex ratio higher than 1000 females/thousand male is in 12 villages 

including Riwiang. The total male population in the study area is 51% of the 

total while the remaining 49% are females. The overall sex ratio in the study 

area is favourable. 


CHAPTER-3 


iii) Household size: 

The average household size in the villages of the study area is 6 

persons per household. The range of variation in household size is from 5 to 

7. Seven villages namely Umdiangser, Khlangrin, Mawthylliang, 

Mawbyrngem, Seinduli I, Umtap and Rynniang have household size of 5 

persons. 21 villages including Riwiang have household size of 6 persons. 

The household size of 7 persons is found in 4 villages namely Umwahsiang, 

Seinduli II, Nongkrong and Pathar Khnang. It is extremely backward area 

as cleared by the household sizes. The people are either unaware or have not 

access to the family planning measures. 

iv) Literacy: 

The study area has a literacy level of 50 %. The male literates are 52% 

while the female literates are 48 % of the total literates. There is not much 

big difference between male and female literacy because of matrilineal 

society. 6 villages including Riwiang have male literacy less than 40 %. 10 

villages have male literacy from 40 to 50 %. 7 villages have male literacy 

from 50 to 60 %. 7 villages have male literacy higher than 60 %. 9 villages 

have female literacy less than 40 %. 7 villages including Riwiang have 

female literacy from 40 to 50 %. 14 villages have female literacy from 50 to 60 

%. 3 villages have female literacy higher than 60%. 

v) Social structure: 

The majority of the population in the study area is tribal accounting 

for 97 % of the total population. The Scheduled Castes are absent and 

general category accounts for the remaining quarter, i.e., 3 %. The main 

Scheduled Tribe of the area is Khasi . 


CHAPTER-3 


vi) 

Occupational pattern: 

The work force deployment rate in the study area is 45%. The nonworkers 

constitute 55% of the total population. Among the total workers 

main workers are 86 % while 14 % are marginal workers. 

Among main worker agriculture sector engages majority of the work 

force, 91 %. Main Agricultural labors constitute about 6 % and main 

cultivators form 85 % of main worker. In contrast among the marginal 

worker agriculture sector engages majority of the work force, 61 %. 

Marginal Agricultural labours constitute about 35 % and Marginal 

cultivators form 85 % of main worker. However the agriculture limited to 

about 6 months in a year, is dependent upon the monsoon. 9 % of the main 

worker and 5 % of marginal worker are engaged in other works mainly 

agriculture, forestry and fishing. 

Type of Worker 

Percentage 

Total worker 45 % 

Non worker 55 % 

Main Worker 86 % 

Marginal Worker 14 % 

Main Ag Labour 6 % 

Main Cultivator 85 % 

Main House hold 1 % 

Main Other 8 % 

Marginal Ag Labour 61 % 

Marginal Cultivator 35 % 

Marginal House hold 1 % 

Marginal Other 4 % 


CHAPTER-3 


Demographic Feature 

Table No. 3.16: 

S/n 

Name of 

Village 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 

1 Umwahsiang 1050 7 40 57 6 41 0 40 1 

2 Umdiangser 878 5 39 16 17 92 0 92 0 

3 Khlangrin 903 5 57 53 55 276 0 276 0 

4 Langpih 730 6 44 39 47 263 0 261 2 

5 Porla A 894 6 53 50 28 161 0 160 1 

6 Porla B 1125 6 56 53 25 153 0 153 0 

7 Mawthylliang 915 5 58 65 27 136 0 136 0 

8 Mawsaw 1041 6 16 9 45 249 0 240 9 

9 Riwiang 1073 6 32 48 14 85 0 85 0 

10 Tiniang 800 6 50 55 31 180 0 171 9 

11 Mawbyrngem 1000 5 64 51 16 78 0 78 0 

12 Mawsyrpat 929 6 46 56 60 378 0 378 0 

13 Mawruksoin 931 6 52 41 18 112 0 112 0 

14 Seinduli I 883 5 48 36 75 401 0 393 8 

15 Seinduli Ii 957 7 67 55 33 225 0 225 0 

16 Umshynrut 1053 6 36 24 59 351 0 351 0 

17 Tumtum 1094 6 57 59 18 111 0 111 0 

18 Nongkrong 991 7 61 55 32 227 0 227 0 

19 

Upper 

Umsaw-Urkali 973 6 48 52 48 294 0 294 0 

20 Umjaru 1092 6 33 31 27 159 0 159 0 

21 Nongdisong 846 6 45 42 44 264 0 264 0 

22 Mawlangdep 906 6 38 38 78 488 0 488 0 

23 Nohrisong 1138 6 59 36 11 62 0 62 0 

24 Mynnniar 1120 6 63 56 41 265 0 265 0 

25 Kyngdongngei 917 6 46 48 22 138 0 138 0 

26 Kyrdum 989 6 69 66 118 754 0 754 0 

27 Mawpon 892 6 56 55 29 176 0 13 163 

28 Janepih 1004 6 69 63 83 485 0 485 0 

29 Umtap 1039 5 45 34 38 208 0 208 0 

30 Pathar Khnang 1043 7 58 54 21 141 0 141 0 

31 Rynniang 818 5 65 44 22 120 0 120 0 

32 Thiepjaphlang 825 6 47 47 18 104 0 104 0 

Average 964 6 51 47 

Total 1206 7177 0 6984 193 


CHAPTER-3 


1. Population density (persons/ha) 

2. Sex Ratio 

3. Household size 

4. Percentage literacy male 

5. Percentage literacy female 

6. Total Number of Household 

7. Total Population 

8. Persons Schedule caste 

9. Persons Schedule tribe 

10. Persons other caste & General caste 

3.5 Flora And Fauna: 

Biodiversity or biological diversity, a collective term, is used to 

describe the variety and variability among living organisms. It may be 

perceived as an interacting complex of plants, animals and microorganisms 

in the physical environment. It is generally measured at genetic, species and 

ecosystem levels. Biological diversity may also be defined as the sum or 

total of species richness i.e. number of plants, animals and microorganism 

living in a community or an ecosystem. 

The detailed bio-diversity monitoring of Shri Sakhambri Ferro Alloys 

was conducted during October 2009 – December 2009 to evaluate the 

existing pattern of bio-diversity. 

The present study was carried out under two separate headings floral 

& faunal community. 


CHAPTER-3 


3.5.1 Methodology: 

were used: 

To evaluate the floral composition of the area the following method 

Floral Composition: 

Depending upon the vegetation, pattern of the area, two methods 

were adopted for the study. 

i) - Plot quadrate method 

ii) - 

Belt transact method 

i- Plot quadrate method: 

This method was adopted to evaluate the phytosociological 

parameters of total vegetation community like: 

a) - Diversity 

b) - Density 

c) - Dominance 

d) - Relative frequency 

The size of the quadrate was selected by species area curve method. 

By this way, successively higher quadrate sizes are taken till the number of 

species encountered becomes constant. For present survey 10 m x 10 m 

plots were selected for the study. 

The methods of calculation of different parameters are as given below: 

(a) 

Diversity : Diversity was calculated with the help of Shannon & 

Weaver (1948) diversity index. 


CHAPTER-3 


H = Pi loge Pi 

where, Pi = n/N 

n = No. of individual species. 

N = Total No. of species. 

(b) 

Density : It was calculated as plants/m 2 by using quadrate 

methods. 

(c) Dominance : C = (ni/N) 2 

where : ni = number of individual species. 

N = total number of species. 

(d) 

Relative frequency: Relative frequency was calculated with the help 

of following formula 

ii) 

No. of species 

R.F % = —————————— x 100 

Total No. of species 

Flora study - Belt Transect Method: 

Belt Transect Method was adopted to evaluate the general data like 

distance, height, canopy cover and circumference of the plants as well as the 

broad vegetation pattern of the area. For the present study, 1 km. distance 

was covered by studying a total of 20 points at a distance of 50 meter apart 

on both sides i.e., left and right of each point, forming a 100 m. belt at each 

selected locations. Belt transecting were done at five different locations. 

Observations were also carried out by visualizing the area beyond the 

50 m. on both sides, i.e., left & right. Similarly, after 20 points or 1 km. 


CHAPTER-3 


distance, visual observation were made to record the vegetation pattern at 

each selected locations. 

3.5.2 Site Selection: 

Data for floral composition were collected at those sites which were 

selected on the basis of vegetation-community and human interference. The 

sites selected for core zone (project site) and buffer zone (10 km) of the Shree 

Shakambari Ferro alloys Pvt. Ltd. are as follows: (refer Exhibit No. 3.3). 

a) Core zone: Project site was devoid of any flora. 

b) Buffer zone : 

In Buffer zone the following sites were studied to evaluate the status 

of vegetation. 

i) E-1 : Near Riwiang Village:- It was a pine forest located at 25 0 36’ 457’’ North 

latitude and 91 0 10’ 710’’ East longitude and the elevation from mean sea 

level was 1095 Meter 

ii) E-2 : Near Marucsain Village:- It was a pine forest located at 25 0 37’ 320’’ 

North latitude and 91 0 10’ 343’’ East longitude and the elevation from 

mean sea level was 1186 Meter 

iii) E-3 : Near Seinduly-1 Village:- It was a oak forest located at 25 0 38’ 609’’ 

North latitude and 91 0 07’ 574’’ East longitude and the elevation from 

mean sea level was 1229 Meter 

iv) E-4 : Near Mouthalinang Village:- It was a oak- Fraxinus mix forest located 

at 25 0 40’ 014’’ North latitude and 91 0 07’ 188’’ East longitude and the 

elevation from mean sea level was 1060 Meter 

v) E-5 : Near Mowbergaon:- It was a pine forest located at 25 0 36’ 840’’ North 

latitude and 91 0 10’ 780’’ East longitude and the elevation from mean sea 

level was 1172 Meter 


CHAPTER-3 


3.5.3 General Vegetation Pattern: 

The prevailing vegetative cover over the area is mainly of Khasi 

subtropical hill forest as per Champion and Seth (1968) ―Classification of 

forest type of India‖. 

Core Zone: 

The plant site was devoid of any vegetation. 

Buffer Zone: 

The list of plants recorded in the buffer zone is given in Table No. 

3.17.Therest community in buffer zone is dominated by Pinus kasia, 

Quercus leucotricophora, Q. floribunda, Fraxinus micrantha, Bombax cieba, 

Aesculus indica, Coriaria nepalensis, Myrica esculenta, Syzygium cumini 

etc. 

Ecological Parameters of forest communities in west Khasi Hills 

S/n Name of Species F RF D RD AB TBA DO 

1 PINE 67 29 8.33 52.08 12.50 33.24 0.57 

2 OAK 50 21 3.33 20.83 6.67 10.98 0.19 

3 ANGU 33 14 1.33 8.33 4.00 7.04 0.12 

4 PANGAR 17 7 0.33 2.08 2.00 1.47 0.03 

5 SEMAL 17 7 0.17 1.04 1.00 1.24 0.02 

6 JAMUN 17 7 0.50 3.13 3.00 2.97 0.05 

7 CORORARIA 17 7 0.83 5.21 5.00 0.00 0.00 

8 KAPHAL 17 7 1.17 7.29 7.00 1.52 0.03 

F: - Frequency 

RF: - Relative Frequency 

D: - Density 

RD: - Relative Dominance 

AB: - Abundance 

TBA:- Total Basal Area 

DO: - Dominance 


CHAPTER-3 


The density of trees in was 0.17-8.33 per 100m 2 . The relative 

frequency, relative density and relative dominance were 7 - 29 plant/100m 2 , 

1.04-52.08 and 0.00-0.57 respectively. Distribution pattern was contagious for 

most of the species except Semal (Bombax cieba). The tree frequency ranged 

from minimum17 in Kaphal (Myrica esculenta) to maximum 67 in Pine 

(Pinus kasia). 


CHAPTER-3 


LIST OF FLORA RECORDED IN BUFFER ZONE 

Table No. 3.17 

Flora of West Khasi Hills , Meghalaya 

Serial 

No Hindi Name English name Khasi Name Botanical name 

1 Chir Chir Pine Chir Pinus roxburghii 

2 Kail Blue pine Chir Pinus walichiana 

Pine 

Pinus kesiya 

3 Bhanj Oak Quercus leucotricophora 

4 Kharsu Oak Quercus floribunda 

5 Angu Fraxinus micrantha 

6 Cororaria nepalensis 

7 Adu Pyrus pacia 

8 Santra Orange Kamla Citrus species 

9 Bonss Bamboo Bambossa species 

10 Amrud Guava Pisium guavalish 

11 Riangal Cane Arundnaria falcutta 

12 Semal Semul Bombax cieba 

13 Jamun Black bery Jam, Jamoon Syzigium jambosa 

14 Payan Prunus ceresoidus 

15 Cretegaus crenulata 

16 Pangar 

17 Kaphal Digan Myrica esculenta 

18 Hisalu Sachi Rubus elepticus 

19 Kurri Lantana camara 

20 Acer pittum 

21 Acer longifolium 

22 Majnu Salix babelonia 

23 Bel Agel marmelos 

24 Anar 

25 Anannas Pine apple 

26 Tar Phonix sylvestris 

27 Banana 

28 Curcuma Curcumua domistica 

29 Barberius species 

30 

Fern 

(Pteridophytes) 

31 Moss Selaginella species 


CHAPTER-3 


(Bryophytes) 

32 Babool Acacia nilotica 

33 Amari Ammora wallichii 

34 Ajhow, Jarul, Sida Lagerstroemia spp. 

35 Bonsum Phoebe goalparensis 

36 Borpat Ailanthus grandis 

37 Bhelu Tetrameles nudiflora 

38 Bogipoma Chukrassia velutina 

39 Bandordima Dysoxylum binecteri ferum 

40 Bola Morus laevigata 

41 Bahera, Bhomda Terminalia spp. 

42 Champ, Sopa Michelia spp. 

43 Dhuna Canarium resiniferum 

44 Gamari Gmelina arborea 

45 Gonsordi Cinnamomum spp. 

46 Hollock Terminalia myriocarpa 

47 Hingori Castanopsis indica 

48 Hatipolia Pterospermum acerifolium 

Hiraru, Moroi, Albizzia spp. 

49 

Mog, Kako, 

Sundi, Saw, 

Harish 

50 Jutuli Altingia excelsa 

51 Jia Lannea coromondelica 

52 

53 Jatipoma, Poma Cedrela toona 

54 Khokan, Ramdala Duabanga grandiflora 

55 Kadam Anthocephalus cadamba 

56 Kowla Machilus spp. 

57 Kharikasopa Talauma phellocarpa 

Makrisal, Schima wallichii 

58 

Nagaplu 

59 Makahi Phoebe cooperiana 

60 Nahar Mesua ferrea 

61 Outenga Dillenia indica 

62 Pichola Kydia calycina 

Rahimula, Garuga pinnata 

63 

Thutmala 

Sam, Champ, Artocarpus 

64 

Kathal 

65 Simul Bombax ceiba 


CHAPTER-3 


66 

Agar, Diang Agar Aquilaria agallocha 

67 

& Bolagar 

68 Artocarpus lakoocha 

69 Haldu Adina oligocephala 

70 Chamkoroi Albizzia odoratissima 

71 Adina cordiflolia 

72 Kanchan Bauhinia spp. 

73 Boal Cordia mixa 

74 Kum Caroya arborea 

75 Dimonu Ficus spp. 

76 Jinari Podocarpus nerifolia 

77 Oak Quercus spp. 

78 Sal Shorea robusta 

79 Semicarpus anacardium 

80 Bhura Trewia nudiflora 

81 Maksi Callicarpa arborea 

82 Teak Tectona grandis 

Buffer zone : 

The general faunal study was carried out for the buffer zone and 

fauna were recorded in Table No. 3.18.No threatened, rare or endangered 

species were recorded during the survey. The details of common ones are 

given below: 

Amphibians : 

Among amphibians two species i.e. Toad (Bufo sp.) and Frog (Rana 

tigrina) were recorded. 

Reptiles : 

Among reptiles common Indian garden lizard (Calotes versicolor), 

House lizard (Hemidactylus sp.), Python (Python molurus), Cobra (Naja 

naja), Krait (Bungarus sp.) and Russal’s Viper (Vipera russelli) etc. are 

reported to have been seen in these forests. 


CHAPTER-3 


Mammals : 

Among mammals Indian palm squirrel (Funambulus pennanti ), 

Langur (Presbytis entellus), Rabbit (Lepus indicus), Jackal (Canis aureus ), 

Jungle Cat (Felis chaus ), Goat (Capra sp.) and Rat (Rattus rattus) etc. are 

reported. 

Aves : 

Among the birds, Baya (Ploceus philippinus), Peacock (Pavo 

cristatus), Crow (Corves splendens), Parrot (Psittacula krameri), Pigeon 

(Columba livia), whistling teal (Dendrocygna javauica) Sparrow (Passer 

domesticus), Indian Robin (Saxicoloides fulicata), Ring dove 

(Stereptopelia decaocta), Gracula religiosa, Malpastes cafer, Vulture 

(Gyrus sp.), Blue jay (Coracias benghalensis) and 

reported. 

Egretta sp. etc. are 


CHAPTER-3 


LIST OF AMPHIBIANS, REPTILES, MAMMALS AND AVES 

IN BUFFER ZONE 


Sl.No. ENGLISH NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Wild life Protection 

Schedule 

Amphibians : 

1 Toad Bufo sp. 

2 Frog Rana tigrina Schedule-IV 

Reptiles : 

1 Common Indian garden lizard Calotes versicolor 

2 House lizard Hemidactylus sp. 

5 Krait Bungarus sp. Schedule-IV 

6 Russal’s Viper Vipera ruselli Schedule-II 

Mammals : 

1 Indian palm squirrel Funambulus pennanti Schedule-IV 

2 Lengur Presbytis entellus Schedule-II 

6 Rabbit Lepus indicus 

7 Jackal Canis aureus Schedule-II 

8 Jungle cat Felis chaus Schedule-II 

9 Dog Cuon sp, 

10 Goat Capra sp. 

11 Rat Rattus rattus Schedule-V 

Aves : 

1 Baya Ploceus philippinus Schedule-IV 

2 Peacock Pavo cristatus 

3 Crow Corves splendens Schedule-V 

4 Parrot Psittacula krameri 

5 Pigeon Columba livia Schedule-IV 

6 Sparrow Passer domesticus 

7 Indian robin Saxicoloides fulicata 

8 Ring Dove Stereptopelia decaocta Schedule-IV 

9 Ring Dove Gracula religiosa Schedule-IV 

10 Ring Dove Malpastes cafer Schedule-IV 

11 Vulture Gyrus sp. Schedule-IV 

12 Blue jay Coracias benghalensis Schedule-IV 

13 Egretta Egretta sp. Schedule-IV 


CHAPTER-3 


3.5.4 Forest Community: 

Three types of forest communities were observed in the study area: 

i) Pure Pine forest 

ii) Oak Pine mix forest 

iii) Oak forest 

i) Pure Pine forest: 

This type of forest is prominent in the buffer zone. In these types of 

forests Pinus kasia gains dominance over the other species and none of the 

species is able to stand against pine. Pine makes the forest soil acidic so only 

weed like lantana camara grows beneath it. Pine trees suck the ground 

water and make the region dry. It grows on dry southern aspects of hills 

where exposure to sunlight is high. It is a fast growing timber species locally 

used to making charcoal. 

ii) Oak Pine mix forest: 

This type of forest is usually confined to ―ecotone‖ or a transition area 

between two adjacent but different plant communities, such as forest and 

grassland. It may be narrow or wide, local (the zone between a field and 

forest) or regional (the transition between forest and grassland). The 

common species of these type of forests are Quercus leucotricophora, Q. 

Floribunda, Pinus roxburghii, P. walichiana, P. kasia, , Lantana sp., Acer 

pittum, A. oblongum, Myrica esculenta etc.. 

iii) Oak Forest: 

The Oak forest grows on northern aspects of hills where exposure to 

sun light is very less. Shade loving plants grow here very vividly. The main 


CHAPTER-3 


plant species of this forest are Lagerstroemia spp., Quercus floribunda, 

Fraxinus micrantha, Arundnaria falcutta etc. 

3.5.5 Aquatic flora & fauna : 

Phytoplanktons : 

During the study 5 varieties of phytoplanktons were recorded 

belonging to various families. 

Zooplanktons: 

During the study 6 varieties of Zooplanktons were recorded belonging to 

Protozoa and Rotifera. 

Chlorophyceae 

Zygnena 

Volvox 

Cyanophyceae 

Anacystis 

Oscillatoria 

Bacillariophyecae 

Tabellaria 

Protozoa 

Arcella 

Actinophrys 

Rotifers 

Ceratium 

Peridinium 

Brachionus 

Keratella 

3.6 Land Slope of the Study Area: 

Land slope of the study area is shown in Exhibit no.3.6. The major 

portion of the study area including factory area has slope 20-80 m/km .Rest 

of the portion of the study area has slope 10 – 20 m/km. 


CHAPTER-3 


3.7 Relief of the Study Area: 

The relief of the study area is shown in Exhibit no. 3.6. The major 

portion of the study area including factory has an elevation of 1000-1900 m. 

3.8 Geology of the Study area: 

Predominant geological formation in West Khasi hills is Granitic, 

Gneissic and schistose rocks with sedimentary rocks. 

The study area mainly covers the sand stone, granite granodoirite and 

silimanite type rocks.Rocks of the study area shown in Exhibit No. 3.7. 


CHAPTER-3 


3.9 Land use 

Land Use/ Land Cover Mapping (using Remote Sensing & GIS): 

3.9.1 Introduction: 

The land use/land cover information relates to the status, spatial 

distribution & area extent of different land use categories. The classification 

system is based on the methodology given in 'Manual of Nationwide land 

use/land cover mapping using Digital Techniques'. 

The inherently digital nature of remotely sensed data, supporting 

quantitative & statistical analysis of spectral measurement, led to rapid 

advancement in the field of digital techniques. With view to facilitate 

utilisation of this modern technology in the management of the resources, a 

chain of digital image processing steps have been carried for the land 

use/land cover mapping. The entire investigations have been carried out 

using ERDAS EASI/PACE digital image processing software and 

Geographic Information System (ARC/INFO). 

3.9.2 Data Input 

3.9.2.1 Satellite Date 

IRS-P6 LISS IV, Path-101, Row-66 

3.9.2.2 Collateral Data 

Survey of India Topographical Map 

Ground Truth Information 

Other Collateral Information 

3.9.2.3 Methodology: 

The research on remote sensing has been directed for several decades 

towards image processing & development of methods for digital map 

generation especially on land use/land cover. The primary aims were to 

produce thematic maps that could be quickly updated. However, maps 


CHAPTER-3 


obtained from digital automatic classification fails to fully satisfy the 

purpose for which it is generated. Therefore, a stratified approach digital 

classification procedure has been used for generation of maps on land 

use/land cover from satellite data. The technique is based on stratified 

approach. 

During classification, it has been realized that mere spectral 

information cannot provide better accuracy of land use/land cover maps. 

The overall methodology for land use/land cover map generation is 

explained in the flow chart. The FCC of the study area is depicted in the 

Image I. 

The IRS LISS III Satellite Data has been used for digital classification 

of land use categories. The satellite data has been geo-referenced with 

Survey of India topographical maps of the area. The 10 kms area has been 

stratified by generating forest mask from topographical map. In non-forest 

area, the supervised classification of maximum likelihood procedure has 

been used to classify land use classes. 

The cultural features like roads, villages and forest boundaries have 

been drawn from the existing maps. 

The land use classified through supervised classification of the area 

and the cultural features of roads, rail and village locations have been 

overlaid. The land use/ land cover map of the area has been extracted using 

10 km. radius mask and area statistics have been generated (Table No.3.19 

& 3.20, Image 2). 


CHAPTER-3 


3.9.2.4 Results and Discussions : 

3.9.2.4.1 General Land use/ Land cover : 

The land use/ land cover map has been generated on 1:50,000 scale 

using digital classification of IRS-P6 LISS IV data. Based on the methodology 

developed for the present land use/land cover, categories have been 

grouped under the following four major land use. 

Major land use categories of study area 

Table No.3.19 

Sl. No. Category Area (in ha) % of the Study area 

1 Vegetational Land 23310 74.24 

2 Agricultural Land 259 0.82 

3 Waste Land 7677 24.45 

4 Water Bodies 154 0.49 

Total 31400.00 100.00 

3.9.2.4.1.1 Vegetation land: 

This represents the area under Vegetation land, about 23310.00 

hectares or 74.24 percent of the study area. The Vegetation cover was further 

classified, after performing the density slicing on the NDVI data, into dense 

vegetation open Vegetation and scrubby Vegetation. The details of the 

Vegetation categories are given in the following Table No. 3.20. 

Vegetation land cover categories 

Table No.3.20 

Sl. No. Category Area (in ha.) % of the study area 

1. Dense Vegetation 11463 36.51 

2. Open Vegetation 7924 25.24 

3. Degraded Vegetation 3923 12.49 

Total 23310 74.24 


CHAPTER-3 


3.9.2.4.1.2 Agricultural land : 

This represents the area under Agriculture and mainly concentrated 

in NE direction of the site in same patches. The total area under this 

category is only 259 ha. which is 0.82% of the study area. 

3.9.2.4.1.3 Waste lands : 

Wastelands are the degraded lands constituting about 7677.00 

hectares or 24.45 per cent of the study area. The wastelands in the study 

area constitute as dense and open scrub area and barren land with rock 

outcrop. 

3.9.2.4.1.4 Water Bodies : 

Based on satellite data and ground truth, the total area covered by the 

water bodies is 154.00 hectares which is 0.49% of the total study area. 

3.9.2.4.1.5 Build-up land 

Build-up land includes the urban or rural settlements, factory area, 

roads and railway line etc. village could not be mapped clearly from the 

false colour composite of URS LISS III satellite data. No. typical spectral 

signature of settlements could be observed so as to classify under build-up 

land use. 


IRS LISS III Data 

Ground Truth & 

Collateral data 

Select Spectral bands 

Digitization of 

forest boundaries & 

cultural features 

Separation of forest and 

Non-forest lands 

Generation of forest 

mask 

Non- forest land 

Forest land 

Supervised 

Classification 

Normalized Differences 

Vegetation Index 

Density slicing 

All classes 

classified ? 

Classified 

image 

Composite of land 

use and forest 

classed 

Map Output 

FINAL LANDUSE MAP 

Area Statistics 

Flow chart illustrating procedure of land use classification using stratified approach

SHREE SHAAKAMBARI FERRO ALLOYS PVT. LTD. 

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA 

FROM 01.10.2009 TO 31.12.2009 

LOCATION : PROJECT SITE 

STATION : A-1 

Table No.3.5 

DATE 

24 HOURLY 

RPM SPM SO 2 NOx CO 

06.10.2009 27.00 75.00 8.00 16.00 BDL 

07.10.2009 24.00 72.00 7.00 15.00 BDL 

15.10.2009 22.00 69.00 6.00 15.50 BDL 

17.10.2009 23.00 68.00 6.00 16.50 BDL 

21.10.2009 21.00 65.00 5.00 17.00 BDL 

23.10.2009 28.00 70.00 6.00 14.40 BDL 

26.10.2009 24.00 68.00 7.00 14.20 BDL 

28.10.2009 22.00 71.00 5.00 15.10 BDL 

03.11.2009 24.00 72.00 6.00 16.20 BDL 

05.11.2009 26.00 73.00 6.00 13.50 BDL 

09.11.2009 25.00 65.00 6.00 13.70 BDL 

12.11.2009 24.00 68.00 7.00 13.90 BDL 

18.11.2009 23.00 66.00 6.00 14.10 BDL 

21.11.2009 22.00 67.00 5.00 13.60 BDL 

24.11.2009 28.00 70.00 7.00 12.10 BDL 

25.11.2009 24.00 69.00 6.00 12.70 BDL 

01.12.2009 23.00 68.00 7.00 12.60 BDL 

04.12.2009 25.00 65.00 6.00 13.60 BDL 

09.12.2009 28.00 66.00 5.00 13.20 BDL 

12.12.2009 27.00 67.00 6.00 14.10 BDL 

14.12.2009 24.00 70.00 7.00 12.10 BDL 

18.12.2009 25.00 72.00 7.00 12.60 BDL 

23.12.2009 23.00 68.00 6.00 12.80 BDL 

25.12.2009 24.00 67.00 6.00 12.30 BDL 


Number of observations 24 24 24 24 24 

Arithmetic Mean 24.42 68.79 6.21 14.03 BDL 

Geometric Mean 24.34 68.74 6.16 13.97 BDL 

STD. GEO. Devn. (24 hrs) 2.02 2.70 0.78 1.43 NIL 

Max. Concentration 28.00 75.00 8.00 17.00 BDL 

Min. Concentration 21.00 65.00 5.00 12.10 BDL 

Detection Limit (µg/m 3 ) 1000 

Percentile values 

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 98 

RPM 22.00 23.00 23.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 25.00 26.00 28.00 28.00 

SPM 65.00 66.00 67.00 68.00 68.00 69.00 70.00 71.00 72.00 75.00 

SO 2 5.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 8.00 

NOx 12.10 12.60 12.80 13.60 13.70 14.10 14.40 15.10 16.20 17.00 

NOTE: ALL VALUES ARE IN µg/m 3 BDL- BELOW DETECTION LIMIT



FROM 01.10.2009 TO 31.12.2009 

RIWIANG VILLAGE (NEAR PROJECT SITE) 

STATION : A-2 

Table No.3.6 

DATE 

24 HOURLY 


06.10.2009 22.00 61.00 6.20 12.50 BDL 

07.10.2009 21.00 62.00 6.00 11.90 BDL 

15.10.2009 23.00 60.00 6.40 12.40 BDL 

17.10.2009 24.00 63.00 6.10 11.10 BDL 

21.10.2009 26.00 62.00 6.00 11.00 BDL 

23.10.2009 28.00 58.00 6.20 10.90 BDL 

26.10.2009 23.00 61.00 6.00 10.60 BDL 

28.10.2009 25.00 62.00 5.90 11.50 BDL 

03.11.2009 27.00 72.00 6.00 11.40 BDL 

05.11.2009 24.00 70.00 6.20 10.90 BDL 

09.11.2009 26.00 73.00 5.60 12.20 BDL 

12.11.2009 25.00 69.00 5.80 11.20 BDL 

18.11.2009 28.00 68.00 6.20 10.60 BDL 

21.11.2009 29.00 67.00 6.40 12.20 BDL 

24.11.2009 27.00 77.00 6.60 12.10 BDL 

25.11.2009 24.00 75.00 7.00 11.50 BDL 

01.12.2009 26.00 62.00 6.80 11.50 BDL 

04.12.2009 23.00 65.00 6.90 11.60 BDL 

09.12.2009 26.00 68.00 7.10 12.10 BDL 

12.12.2009 32.00 75.00 7.40 12.00 BDL 

14.12.2009 25.00 70.00 7.00 11.90 BDL 

18.12.2009 28.00 71.00 6.80 11.80 BDL 

23.12.2009 29.00 72.00 6.40 11.70 BDL 

25.12.2009 30.00 73.00 7.20 12.10 BDL 










10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 98 

RPM 22.00 23.00 24.00 25.00 26.00 26.00 27.00 28.00 29.00 32.00 

SPM 60.00 62.00 62.00 65.00 68.00 69.00 71.00 72.00 75.00 77.00 

SO 2 5.80 6.00 6.00 6.20 6.20 6.40 6.80 6.90 7.10 7.40 

NOx 10.60 11.00 11.20 11.50 11.60 11.80 12.00 12.10 12.20 12.50 




FROM 01.10.2009 TO 31.12.2009 

LOCATION : MOBERGAON VILLAGE 

STATION : A-3 

Table No.3.7 

DATE 

24 HOURLY 


06.10.2009 38.00 75.00 7.80 15.00 BDL 

07.10.2009 41.00 71.00 7.60 15.10 BDL 

15.10.2009 39.00 76.00 7.50 15.20 BDL 

17.10.2009 40.00 72.00 7.70 15.40 BDL 

21.10.2009 39.00 70.00 7.90 15.00 BDL 

23.10.2009 38.00 69.00 8.10 15.80 BDL 

26.10.2009 37.00 65.00 8.00 15.60 BDL 

28.10.2009 40.00 66.00 7.80 15.20 BDL 

03.11.2009 39.00 67.00 7.90 15.40 BDL 

05.11.2009 41.00 74.00 8.10 15.90 BDL 

09.11.2009 36.00 75.00 8.00 16.10 BDL 

12.11.2009 38.00 71.00 7.80 16.20 BDL 

18.11.2009 40.00 70.00 8.30 15.20 BDL 

21.11.2009 44.00 68.00 8.50 14.90 BDL 

24.11.2009 43.00 69.00 8.10 14.60 BDL 

25.11.2009 41.00 72.00 7.80 14.60 BDL 

01.12.2009 36.00 74.00 8.00 14.70 BDL 

04.12.2009 38.00 73.00 8.20 15.00 BDL 

09.12.2009 40.00 71.00 8.30 15.60 BDL 

12.12.2009 32.00 70.00 8.50 15.70 BDL 

14.12.2009 38.00 69.00 7.80 15.40 BDL 

18.12.2009 45.00 68.00 9.00 15.30 BDL 

23.12.2009 40.00 70.00 8.00 15.20 BDL 

25.12.2009 41.00 71.00 8.20 15.10 BDL 










10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 98 

RPM 36.00 38.00 38.00 39.00 39.00 40.00 40.00 41.00 43.00 45.00 

SPM 66.00 68.00 69.00 70.00 70.00 71.00 72.00 73.00 75.00 76.00 

SO 2 7.60 7.80 7.80 7.90 8.00 8.00 8.10 8.20 8.50 9.00 

NOx 14.60 15.00 15.00 15.20 15.20 15.30 15.40 15.60 15.90 16.20 




FROM 01.10.2009 TO 31.12.2009 

LOCATION : SEINDULY TOWN 

STATION : A-4 

Table No.3.8 

DATE 

24 HOURLY 


06.10.2009 37.00 92.00 7.00 16.00 BDL 

07.10.2009 36.00 91.00 7.40 17.00 BDL 

15.10.2009 38.00 90.00 7.60 16.50 BDL 

17.10.2009 41.00 93.00 7.80 16.90 BDL 

21.10.2009 40.00 92.00 7.50 17.50 BDL 

23.10.2009 42.00 91.00 6.80 17.80 BDL 

26.10.2009 41.00 95.00 6.60 17.40 BDL 

28.10.2009 40.00 94.00 7.20 16.90 BDL 

03.11.2009 42.00 93.00 7.40 16.60 BDL 

05.11.2009 41.00 91.00 7.60 16.40 BDL 

09.11.2009 40.00 94.00 7.00 17.10 BDL 

12.11.2009 43.00 96.00 7.80 17.40 BDL 

18.11.2009 41.00 95.00 7.10 17.60 BDL 

21.11.2009 40.00 97.00 6.80 18.00 BDL 

24.11.2009 42.00 95.00 7.20 18.10 BDL 

25.11.2009 37.00 92.00 7.40 17.90 BDL 

01.12.2009 35.00 98.00 7.60 16.60 BDL 

04.12.2009 38.00 96.00 8.20 16.70 BDL 

09.12.2009 41.00 95.00 8.00 17.40 BDL 

12.12.2009 40.00 98.00 8.50 17.00 BDL 

14.12.2009 44.00 91.00 8.80 17.10 BDL 

18.12.2009 45.00 90.00 8.00 17.50 BDL 

23.12.2009 42.00 95.00 8.10 17.60 BDL 

25.12.2009 41.00 96.00 7.80 17.90 BDL 










10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 98 

RPM 36.00 38.00 40.00 40.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 42.00 43.00 45.00 

SPM 90.00 91.00 92.00 93.00 94.00 95.00 95.00 96.00 97.00 98.00 

SO 2 6.80 7.00 7.20 7.40 7.50 7.60 7.80 8.00 8.20 8.80 

NOx 16.40 16.60 16.90 17.00 17.10 17.40 17.50 17.60 17.90 18.10 




FROM 01.10.2009 TO 31.12.2009 

LOCATION : UMJARU VILLAGE 

STATION : A-5 

Table No.3.9 

DATE 

24 HOURLY 


06.10.2009 35.00 64.00 7.00 13.90 BDL 

07.10.2009 30.00 65.00 6.00 14.10 BDL 

15.10.2009 31.00 65.00 7.50 13.60 BDL 

17.10.2009 29.00 64.00 7.40 13.50 BDL 

21.10.2009 25.00 63.00 7.10 13.00 BDL 

23.10.2009 25.60 64.00 6.90 13.40 BDL 

26.10.2009 25.90 65.00 6.90 13.50 BDL 

28.10.2009 27.00 67.00 6.80 14.10 BDL 

03.11.2009 26.90 59.00 7.00 12.60 BDL 

05.11.2009 34.00 55.00 6.10 13.10 BDL 

09.11.2009 26.00 55.00 6.80 12.20 BDL 

12.11.2009 27.20 57.00 6.90 12.40 BDL 

18.11.2009 27.90 56.00 7.10 12.30 BDL 

21.11.2009 28.10 55.00 7.20 12.10 BDL 

24.11.2009 25.10 59.00 7.50 12.00 BDL 

25.11.2009 25.60 60.00 7.10 11.60 BDL 

01.12.2009 25.40 61.00 6.90 12.40 BDL 

04.12.2009 25.40 60.00 6.50 12.40 BDL 

09.12.2009 26.10 59.00 6.80 12.10 BDL 

12.12.2009 27.00 58.00 6.40 12.00 BDL 

14.12.2009 28.90 59.00 6.30 11.50 BDL 

18.12.2009 29.90 60.00 7.10 11.40 BDL 

23.12.2009 28.50 61.00 7.20 11.10 BDL 

25.12.2009 29.00 62.00 7.40 12.40 BDL 










10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 98 

RPM 25.10 25.60 25.90 26.90 27.00 27.90 28.90 29.00 31.00 35.00 

SPM 55.00 57.00 59.00 59.00 60.00 61.00 63.00 64.00 65.00 67.00 

SO 2 6.10 6.50 6.80 6.90 6.90 7.00 7.10 7.20 7.40 7.50 

NOx 11.40 12.00 12.10 12.30 12.40 12.40 13.10 13.50 13.90 14.10 




FROM 01.10.2009 TO 31.12.2009 

LOCATION : MAWIONGDEP 

STATION : A-6 

Table No.3.10 

DATE 

24 HOURLY 


06.10.2009 37.00 99.00 8.00 18.00 BDL 

07.10.2009 38.00 98.00 7.80 17.00 BDL 

15.10.2009 35.00 89.00 6.80 17.40 BDL 

17.10.2009 40.00 88.00 7.50 17.30 BDL 

21.10.2009 41.00 99.00 7.20 17.20 BDL 

23.10.2009 43.00 98.00 6.90 17.90 BDL 

26.10.2009 45.00 87.00 6.50 18.00 BDL 

28.10.2009 44.00 85.00 5.80 16.90 BDL 

03.11.2009 42.00 86.30 8.10 16.80 BDL 

05.11.2009 39.00 96.00 7.10 16.70 BDL 

09.11.2009 41.00 98.00 6.80 16.60 BDL 

12.11.2009 40.00 99.00 6.60 17.40 BDL 

18.11.2009 41.00 85.00 7.20 17.30 BDL 

21.11.2009 38.00 84.00 6.80 17.00 BDL 

24.11.2009 37.00 89.00 7.00 17.10 BDL 

25.11.2009 39.00 88.00 6.20 17.60 BDL 

01.12.2009 40.00 87.00 6.50 17.40 BDL 

04.12.2009 44.00 98.00 7.00 17.50 BDL 

09.12.2009 42.00 88.00 8.20 17.40 BDL 

12.12.2009 43.00 87.00 7.30 17.10 BDL 

14.12.2009 41.00 86.00 7.10 17.00 BDL 

18.12.2009 46.00 85.00 6.80 17.40 BDL 

23.12.2009 44.00 84.00 8.00 17.30 BDL 

25.12.2009 42.00 83.00 7.90 17.20 BDL 










10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 98 

RPM 37.00 38.00 39.00 40.00 41.00 41.00 42.00 43.00 44.00 46.00 

SPM 84.00 85.00 86.00 87.00 88.00 88.00 96.00 98.00 99.00 99.00 

SO 2 6.20 6.60 6.80 6.90 7.00 7.10 7.30 7.80 8.00 8.20 

NOx 16.70 17.00 17.00 17.20 17.30 17.30 17.40 17.40 17.90 18.00 




FROM 01.10.2009 TO 31.12.2009 

Location : Klangrin 

STATION : A-7 

Table No.3.11 

DATE 

24 HOURLY 


06.10.2009 26.00 69.00 7.80 15.00 BDL 

07.10.2009 29.00 68.00 7.70 16.00 BDL 

15.10.2009 28.00 67.00 7.50 16.40 BDL 

17.10.2009 26.00 65.00 7.20 16.50 BDL 

21.10.2009 25.00 70.00 7.30 16.90 BDL 

23.10.2009 27.00 71.00 7.20 17.00 BDL 

26.10.2009 28.00 71.00 7.00 16.00 BDL 

28.10.2009 29.00 69.00 8.30 16.80 BDL 

03.11.2009 30.00 68.00 8.30 16.90 BDL 

05.11.2009 31.00 67.00 8.10 17.00 BDL 

09.11.2009 32.00 68.00 8.20 17.00 BDL 

12.11.2009 35.00 71.00 8.00 16.90 BDL 

18.11.2009 36.00 69.00 8.10 16.70 BDL 

21.11.2009 27.00 65.00 8.00 16.80 BDL 

24.11.2009 28.00 67.00 8.00 16.70 BDL 

25.11.2009 29.00 68.00 8.30 16.80 BDL 

01.12.2009 28.00 69.00 8.20 17.00 BDL 

04.12.2009 29.00 68.00 8.10 17.00 BDL 

09.12.2009 29.00 67.00 8.00 16.80 BDL 

12.12.2009 26.00 68.00 8.30 16.70 BDL 

14.12.2009 37.00 67.00 8.10 16.90 BDL 

18.12.2009 35.00 71.00 6.90 16.80 BDL 

23.12.2009 33.00 70.00 7.00 16.70 BDL 

25.12.2009 29.00 67.00 7.10 16.80 BDL 










10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 98 

RPM 26.00 27.00 28.00 28.00 29.00 29.00 30.00 32.00 35.00 37.00 

SPM 65.00 67.00 67.00 68.00 68.00 68.00 69.00 70.00 71.00 71.00 

SO 2 7.00 7.20 7.30 7.80 8.00 8.00 8.10 8.20 8.30 8.30 

NOx 16.00 16.50 16.70 16.80 16.80 16.80 16.90 16.90 17.00 17.00 




FROM 01.10.2009 TO 31.12.2009 

Location : Tar 

STATION : A-8 

Table No.3.12 

DATE 

24 HOURLY 


06.10.2009 25.00 64.00 5.50 10.50 BDL 

07.10.2009 23.00 65.00 6.10 10.40 BDL 

15.10.2009 24.00 68.00 5.90 10.80 BDL 

17.10.2009 23.00 69.00 6.20 10.90 BDL 

21.10.2009 22.00 67.80 5.40 10.90 BDL 

23.10.2009 25.00 64.50 5.50 11.00 BDL 

26.10.2009 27.00 67.00 5.50 11.60 BDL 

28.10.2009 27.00 66.80 7.00 10.80 BDL 

03.11.2009 26.50 66.90 6.80 12.00 BDL 

05.11.2009 26.00 66.80 6.60 11.80 BDL 

09.11.2009 25.00 69.00 6.10 10.60 BDL 

12.11.2009 23.00 68.50 6.80 9.50 BDL 

18.11.2009 24.00 69.00 5.50 10.60 BDL 

21.11.2009 25.00 64.80 5.40 10.90 BDL 

24.11.2009 24.90 65.50 6.00 11.00 BDL 

25.11.2009 24.80 66.60 7.00 11.40 BDL 

01.12.2009 25.00 67.70 6.00 11.90 BDL 

04.12.2009 27.00 68.80 6.40 12.00 BDL 

09.12.2009 27.00 69.00 6.90 11.40 BDL 

12.12.2009 26.80 68.10 7.00 11.50 BDL 

14.12.2009 25.00 64.80 6.60 10.80 BDL 

18.12.2009 24.00 64.00 6.30 10.60 BDL 

23.12.2009 23.00 65.00 6.80 10.70 BDL 

25.12.2009 23.00 65.80 6.70 10.40 BDL 










10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 98 

RPM 23.00 23.00 24.00 24.80 25.00 25.00 25.00 26.50 27.00 27.00 

SPM 64.00 64.80 65.00 66.60 66.80 67.00 68.00 68.50 69.00 69.00 

SO 2 5.40 5.50 5.90 6.10 6.20 6.40 6.70 6.80 7.00 7.00 

NOx 10.40 10.60 10.60 10.80 10.90 10.90 11.40 11.50 11.90 12.00 


RPM 

A1 24.42 

A2 25.88 

A3 39.33 

A4 45.00 

A5 27.90 

A6 40.92 

A7 29.67 

A8 29.67 

50.00 

45.00 

40.00 

35.00 

30.00 

25.00 

20.00 

15.00 

10.00 

5.00 

0.00 

A1 A2 A3 A4 

RPM 

SPM 

A1 68.79 

A2 67.33 

A3 70.67 

A4 93.75 

A5 60.54 

A6 90.26 

A7 68.33 

A8 66.77 

100.00 

90.00 

80.00 

70.00 

60.00 

50.00 

40.00 

30.00 

20.00 

10.00 

0.00 

A1 A2 A3 A4 

SPM

SO 2 

A1 6.21 

A2 6.43 

A3 8.04 

A4 7.55 

A5 6.91 

A6 7.13 

A7 7.78 

A8 6.25 

9.00 

8.00 

7.00 

6.00 

5.00 

4.00 

3.00 

2.00 

1.00 

0.00 

A1 A2 A3 A4 

SO2 

Nox 

A1 14.03 

A2 11.61 

A3 15.30 

A4 17.20 

A5 12.61 

A6 17.27 

A7 16.67 

A8 11.00 

20.00 

18.00 

16.00 

14.00 

12.00 

10.00 

8.00 

6.00 

4.00 

2.00 

0.00 

A1 A2 A3 A4 

Nox

RPM 

RPM 

A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 

SPM 

SPM 

A4 A5 A6 A7 A8

SO2 

SO2 

A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 

Nox 

Nox 

A4 A5 A6 A7 A8

SOIL QUALITY DATA 

Project : Shree Shaakambari Ferro Alloys Pvt. Ltd. 


Sl. No. PARAMETERS 

Results 

S-1 S-2 S-3 S-4 S-5 

1 pH 5.60 5.70 5.80 5.6 5.6 

2 Elec.Conductivity(µ mhos/cm) 5.90 6.50 7.30 5.1 4.5 

3 Nitrogen Av.(Kg/ha) 325.00 325.50 337.90 255.8 245.6 

4 Phosphorous Av.(Kg P2O5/ha) 10.50 10.70 14.80 15.7 13.9 

5 Potassium Av.(Kg/ha) 228.00 230.00 250.00 254.0 249.0 

6 Calcium (Kg/ha) 35.80 35.80 35.80 71.6 89.6 

7 Magnesium (Kg/ha) 43.50 43.50 43.50 43.5 43.5 

8 Iron Av.(Kg/ha) 52.00 42.20 38.50 28.7 22.4 

9 Boron Av.(Kg/ha) Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 

10 Organic Carbon (%) 2.08 1.68 2.28 1.4 1.8 

11 Natural Moisture content % 9.11 11.40 19.10 16.5 19.8 

12 Bulk Density(gm/cc) 1.50 1.30 1.20 1.4 1.3 

13 Grain Size Distribution 

a) Textural Class SL SL SL SL SL 

b) Sand (%) 48 54 48 50 50 

c) Silt (%) 44 26 42 38 38 

d) Clay (%) 8 20 10 12 12 

14 

Cation Exchange Capacity 

(mg/100g) 

3.20 2.60 3.40 2.8 2.5 

15 Heterotrophs count/gm 

a) Total Heterotrophs (C.F.U.) 5.0 x 10 5 4.0 x 10 5 5.0 x 10 5 3.0 x 10 5 5.0 x 10 5 

b) Azotobacters(C.F.U) 2.8 x 10 2 3.6 x 10 2 3.2 x 10 2 3.2 x 10 2 3.6 x 10 2 

c) Actinomycetes(C.F.U) 4.2 x 10 3 3.7 x 10 4 4.2 x 10 4 3.6 x 10 4 4.6 x 10 4 

d) Yeast (C.F.U) 2.0 x 10 4 2.2 x 10 4 2.6 x 10 4 2.4 x 10 4 2.4 x 10 4 

SAMPLING LOCATION : 

Note: 

S-1= Marucsain village SL - Sandy Loam 

S-2= Klangrin village 

S-3= Seinduly (Oak forest) 

S-4= Marucsain (Pine forest) 

Month : November.2009

Project: Shree Shaakambari Ferro Alloys Pvt. Ltd. 

Water Quality Results 

Date of Sampling: 02.12.2009 

Table no. 3.14 

Sl. No. Parameter 

Results 

W-1 W-2 W-3 W-4 W-5 W-6 

IS - 2296 Class C 

1 pH 7.10 7.30 6.90 5.40 6.70 7.10 6.5-8.5 

2 Colour (Hazen units)

CHAPTER –4 

4.0 IMPACT ASSESSMENT 

Present status of the environmental parameters has been dealt within the 

Chapter-3, “Present Environmental Scenario”. At present there is no industries 

existing near to the proposed industry. Identification and quantification of 

various impacts that may be arise from the proposed plant is discussed in this 

chapter. 

The project is likely to create impact on the environment in two distinct 

phases: 

During construction phase (temporary and short term). 

During operation phase (long term) 

4.1 Impact during construction phase: 

The proposed Ferro-silicon plant will need 12 months for implementation 

from the main machinery order placement till commissioning. Similarly the CPP 

will need 12 months from placement order for Boiler and Turbine. The schedule 

is enclosed in Chapter – 2. 

4.1.1 Impact on land use 

The land requirement for the proposed plant is 11.4709 ha. Out of total 

land requirement 50%used for Ferro-Silicon Plant and 50% for CPP .Covered 

area and road, etc. will require complete clearing while open land requires 

partial clearing. The construction of the proposed plant would bring in certain 

immediate changes in the land use pattern.

CHAPTER-4 

EIA/EMP OF Shree Shakambari Ferro Alloys Pvt. Ltd 

The construction activities would attract a worker population of 150 

numbers. This will last only for a short period of 14 months. Work force 

will be arranged from local villages except for those who have specialized 

experience, will stay at the site. 

4.1.2 Impact on soil 

The proposed land is having undulating ground profile. The area 

will be leveled by utilizing the earth from the excavation. Thin vegetation 

will be removed prior to commencement of earthwork. The land is unutilized 

at present. No significant adverse impact on the soil in the surrounding 

area is anticipated except few localized constructional impact. 

4.1.3 Impact on air quality 

During construction phase, suspended particulate matter will be the 

main pollutant, which would be generated from the site development activities 

and vehicular movement on the road. NOx & CO may increase 

slightly due to increased vehicular traffic movement. 

4.1.4 Impact on noise levels 

Heavy Earth Moving Machinery (HEMM) will be in use during constructional 

phase and will be as follows: 

Dozers 

Scrapers 

Cranes 

The noise range will be in between 70 to 100 dBA (source noise). 

This may have significant impact on the ambient noise level. 


CHAPTER-4 


4.1.5 Water quality: 

Due to short period of constructional phase, possibility of pollution 

of water will be minimum. The waste material dump of any has to be taken 

care during rain. 

4.1.6 Traffic density 

The traffic density during peak hour on the Road (nearest to site) 

was found to be 11 per hour. The HEMM and carrying of plant equipments 

will not be regular and contribute very less density to the traffic. 

4.1.7 Flora and fauna 

The proposed land was unutilized. Construction of plant will not 

involve in clearance of major flora. Similarly the impact on flora is also 

negligible as discussed in chapter – 3. 

4.2 Impact during operational phase: 

4.2.1 Land use 

The development in the factory area will definitely bring changes in 

the land use due to proposed plant.Landuse pattern are given in following. 

Total Plant Area 

Plantation Area 

11.47 Acres 

3.65 Acres 

4.2.2 Air quality 

i) Source of dust emission in the plant are given below: 


CHAPTER-4 


1. Submerged Electric Arc Furnace 

2. Raw material Day Bins 

3. Material conveying system 

4. Preheater, kiln & cooler 

5. Raw material storage 

ii) 


1. Flue gases from Boiler section 

2. Flyash from the hoppers 

3. Furnace bottom ash 

4.2.3 Water quality 

The water quality analysis results of all locations show that all the 

parameters are within the prescribed limits as per the surface water quality 

standard of IS: 2296. There will be no industrial effluent generated from 

Ferro-Alloy plant. 

Principle of Zero Discharge will be adopted and no impermissible 

discharge will be allowed out side factory. All water from DM Plant will 

be used. Blow down water from boiler, auxiliary cooling tower basin, system 

leakage water through equipment overflow drain will be managed inside 

the Ferro-silicon plantand factory. 

4.2.4 Water requirement: 

312 KLD of water will be required for the Ferro-Silicon Plant and 

captive power plant per day. The water demand will meet from the Riw- 


CHAPTER-4 


ing River and rain water harvesting. Hence there will be no impact on 

ground water. 

4.2.5 Noise levels: 

i) Ambient noise: 

The present noise levels at site in day and night times respectively 

were found to be 60 and 42 dBA. Major noise generating sources are given 

below: 

1. E.O.T Crane 

2. Telfor Car 

3. Air Blowers 

4. Stocking Car 

5. Monorail hoist 

6. Power plant 

The above plants and equipments will be inside the room and will not contribute 

much to the ambient noise out side the factory premises. The noise 

generation equipment would be designed such that the resultant noise level 

should be not more than 85 dB (A). Precautionary measure should be 

taken to minimize the noise level inside Plant area. 

ii) Road traffic : 

The present traffic density nearest to site on Road in front of project site is 

11 per hour including all type of vehicles. 

The contribution due to the proposed plant will be 35 trucks on daily basis. 

The transportation vehicles will be allowed in such a manner that not to 

disturb the routine traffic. 


CHAPTER-4 


iii) Work zone noise levels 

The damage risk criteria as enforced by OSHA (Occupational Safety and 

Health Administration) to reduce hearing loss should be strictly adhered. 

4.2.6 Effluent water 

No process wastewater will be generated from ferro alloy plant. 

All the domestic and industrial effluents will be suitably treated and 

reused in the plant and plantation and activities. Blow down water from 

cooling tower will be neutralized and the residual water after dilution 

will be used for dust suppression, gardening, washing, cleaning of toilets 

etc. The effluent from the septic tank will be disposed in soil by providing 

disposing trenches. 

4.2.7 Solid waste 

There will be very less amount of solid waste generated in the proposed 

plant. Ferro-silicon slag generated by Ferro-silicon Plant will be 

sold. Fly ash generation from CPP has to be managed by Ash handling 

plant and will be sold to cement plants. 

4.2.8 Domestic waste water 

It is estimated that domestic wastewater generation will be very less 

as few residential quarters for which soak pits are prepared. 

4.2.9 SEISMICITY 

The region is one of the well-known seismically active regions and 

falls under Zone V. The study area has experienced two largest earthquakes. 


CHAPTER-4 


12 June 1897 (mag 8.7) 

15 August 1950 (mag 8.5) 

Both these earthquakes are reported to occur causing widespread 

damage. The epicenter of the earthquake in 12 June 1897 occurred at Shillong 

massif while the 1950 earthquake has its epicenter further Northeast. 

The most commendable scientific evidence for the high seismicity is 

attributed to the tectonic features of the Northeast. The Northeast region is 

very close to the junction of Himalayan and the Burmese arcs which bear 

resemblance to that of Pamir Knot at the other extreme corner of the Himalayas. 

Shillong plateau of Archaean shied of an altitude about 2 km has 

been affected by several large earthquakes. The western and the northern 

boundaries of the plateau follow the Brahmputra river. On the southern 

portion of the old rocks of the plateau is the thrust over the Haflong- 

Disang fault zone. The Shillong shield extends Northeast and the foreland 

under the Bramhaputra alluvium. The seismicity of the region is defined 

by the collision of the India and the Eurasian plates, as explained above the 

Indian plates are moving at the north north easterly direction and is under 

thrusting the Eurasian plate, hence the strong seismic influence in the 

study area. 


The baseline flora and fauna has been depicted in Chapter-3. Accordingly 

there is no classified forest area, wildlife sanctuary in the study 

area. The site is covered with grass and bushes. No endangered or rare 

species are reported or observed in the study area. Also there is no significant 

aquatic bodies within the study area. 


CHAPTER-4 


4.2.11 Socio-economics 

Due to the coming of this project job opportunities for the local 

people will be generated. There is no industry in the whole district of the 

west khasi hills. Local people will be given preference whenever found 

suitable for all jobs in the plant. People will be benefited both directly and 

indirectly. People will be engaged in the form of retailers through out the 

state. 

Due to the coming of proposed plant, the nearby villages would be 

developed with facilities like good road network and improve the economic 

structure of the area. 

The product is used for making houses and will be available at a 

cheaper cost to local people due to reduction in freight costs. The realization 

of the project will result into direct revenue to both state and central 

exchequer in terms of power tariff, taxes, duties, royalties, etc. 

4.3. Air Dispersion Modeling 

Air quality models are the primary tools for relating emissions to air 

quality impacts. Models, in turn, require acceptable input data for emissions, 

surface topography, meteorological parameters, receptor configurations, 

baseline air quality, and initial and boundary conditions for each 

modelling scenario. Since the quality and reliability of model outputs can 

never be any better than the inputs, quality control of the input data is 

important. 

Prediction of impacts on air environment has been carried out employing 

mathematical model based on a steady state Gaussian plume dispersion 

model designed for point sources for short term. In the present 

case, Industrial Source Complex [ISC3] 1993 dispersion model based on 

steady state Gaussian plume dispersion, designed for point sources for 


CHAPTER-4 


short term and developed by United States Environmental Protection 

Agency [USEPA] has been used for simulations from point sources. 

4.3.1 Pollutants considered for computation 

The model simulations deal with the major pollutant viz., RSPM, 

SPM, SO2 and NOX emitted from the proposed activity. 

4.3.2 Source Strength Estimation : 

The details of stack emissions form plant are given below n Table-1. 

Parameters Furnace AFBC Boiler 

Gas flow rate m3/hr 225000 87516 

Chimney Height mts 30 80 

Chimney internal diameter mts 2.3 2.1 

Velocity through chimney m/sec 15 7 

Flue gas exit Temperature 0 C 150 150 

Emission Rates 

Without 

Control 

With control 

Dust flow rate- kg/hr 1200 20 6.17 

SO2 flow rate - kg/hr 10 10 49.01 

NOx flow rate- kg/hr 2 2 50.56 

4.3.4 Modeling Procedure 

Prediction of ground level concentrations (glc’s) due to proposed project 

has been made by Industrial Source Complex, Short Term (ISCST3) as per 

CPCB guidelines. ISCST3 is US-EPA approved model to predict the air 

quality. The model uses rural dispersion and regulatory defaults options as 

per guidelines on air quality models (PROBES/70/1997-1998). The model 

assumes receptors on flat terrain. 


CHAPTER-4 


4.3.5 Model Options Used For Computations 

The options used for short-term computations are: 

The plume rise is estimated by Briggs formulae, but the final rise is 

always limited to that of the mixing layer; 

Buoyancy Induced Dispersion is used to describe the increase in 

plume dispersion during the ascension phase; 

Calms processing routine is used by default; 

Wind profile exponents is used by default, 'Irwin'; 

Flat terrain is used for computations; 

It is assumed that the pollutants do not undergo any physico-chemical 

transformation and that there is no pollutant removal by dry 

deposition; 

Washout by rain is not considered 

Meteorological inputs required are hourly wind speed and direction, 

ambient temperature, stability class, and mixing height. 

The model details are as follows. 

4.3.6 Gaussian Plume Model 

The ISC short term point source model is based on a numerical 

integration over the area in the upwind and cross wind 

directions of 

Gaussian point source plume formula. Ground Level Concentration , from 

a point source at any receptor under unlimited mixing is given by (USEPA 

ISCST3, 1987). 


CHAPTER-4 


= 

QKVDg1 

2yzUs 

where 

g1 = Exp(-y 2 /2y 2 ) 

K = Scaling coefficient 

V = Vertical term 

D = Decay term 

US = Mean wind speed at release height 

y & z = dispersion parameters 

4.3.7 Extrapolation of Wind Speed 

Wind speed at stack level is calculated by power law as given below. 

Ustack = U10(Stack height/10) p 

Where U10 is the wind speed at 10 meter level and p is the power law 

coefficient (0.07, 0.07, 0.10, 0.15, 0.35 and 0.55 for stability classes 

A,B,C,D,E and F respectively) as per Irwin for rural areas (USEPA, 1987). 

4.3.8 Stability Classification 

Hourly stability is determined by wind direction fluctuation method 

as suggested by Slade(1965)and recommended by CPCB (PROBES/70/1997- 

1998). 

a = Wdr/6 

a, is standard deviation of wind direction fluctuation, Wdr is the 

overall wind direction fluctuation or width of the wind direction in degrees. 

The table for stability classes is given as under. 


CHAPTER-4 


4.3.9 Dispersion Parameters 

Stability Class a (degree) 

A > 22.5 

B 22.4 – 17.5 

C 17.4 – 12.5 

D 12.4 – 7.5 

E 7.4 – 3.5 

F < 3.5 

Dispersion parameters y and z for open country conditions (Briggs, 

1974) are used as the project is located on a flat terrain in a rural area. 

Atmospheric dispersion coefficients vary with downwind distance (x) from 

emission sources for different atmospheric stability conditions. (CPCB – 

PROBES/70/1997-98). 

Rural Conditions 

Stability Class y az 

A 0.22x(1+0.0001x) -.5 0.20x 

B 0.16x(1+0.0001x) -.5 0.12x 

C 0.11x(1+0.0001x) -.5 0.08x(1+0.0002x) .5 

D 0.08x(1+0.0001x) -.5 0.06(1+0.0015x) .5 

E 0.06x(1+0.0001x) -.5 0.03x(1+0.0003x) -1 

F 0.04x(1+0.0001x) -.5 0.16x(1+0.0003x) -1 

4.3.10 Mixing Height 

As site specific mixing heights were not available, mixing heights 

based on CPCB publication, “SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF HOURLY 

MIXING DEPTH OVER INDIAN REGION”, PROBES/88/2002-03 has been 

considered for Industrial Source Complex model to establish the worst case 

scenario. 


CHAPTER-4 


Hour of the Day 

Mixing Height 

7 50.0 

8 100.0 

9 200.0 

10 500.0 

11 800.0 

12 1000.0 

13 1000.0 

14 1200.0 

15 1000.0 

16 1000.0 

17 800.0 

18 500.0 

4.3.11 Meteorological Data 

Data recorded at the continuous weather monitoring station on wind 

speed, direction, and temperature at one hour interval for the monitoring 

period – October – November- December 2009 was used as meteorological 

input. The distribution of stability classes during this period is given 

under: 

Stability Frequency occurrence in (%) – Winter Season 2007 

Stability Class A B C D E F 

Percentage 0.00 0.00 4.17 4.17 41.67 50.00 

4.4 PRESENTATION OF RESULTS 

4.4.1 Resultant Concentrations after Commencement Operations 

Model simulations have been carried for winter season using the 

hourly Triple Joint Frequency data viz., stability, wind speed, mixing 

height and temperature. Short-term simulations were carried to estimate 

concentrations at the receptors to obtain an optimum description of 

variations in concentrations over the site in 15-km radius covering 16 

directions at an interval of 500mts. 


CHAPTER-4 


The maximum incremental GLCs due to project operation with and 

without pollution equipment operating are superimposed on the 

maximum baseline RSPM, SPM, SO2 and NOx concentrations recorded 

during monitoring period to arrive at the likely resultant concentrations 

after implementation of the project. The cumulative concentrations 

(baseline + incremental) after implementation of the project are tabulated 

below in Table 2. 

It is clear from the predicted values that the resultant concentrations are 

well within the NAAQS for Rural and Residential category at all locations 

while pollution control equipment are installed. 

Isopleths were drawn for the SPM with pollution under control and 

without pollution control equipment, SO2 and NOX were drawn and are 

shown in Figure I-A, I-B, II and III respectively. 


CHAPTER-4 


Resultant Concentrations Due To Incremental Glc’s 

Location Code 

Mean Monitored 

Values in ug/m3 on 

24 hourly basis 

Predicted 

Incremental concentration 

With out pollution 

Control Equipment 

(ug/m3) 

Predicted 

Incremental concentration 

With pollution 

Control Equipment (ug/m3) 

Table 4.1 

Post Project 

Concentration – 

With pollution 

Control Equipment (ug/m3) 

RPM SPM SO2 NOX SPM SO2 NOX SPM SO2 NOX SPM SO2 NOX 

100 200 80 80 200 80 80 200 80 80 200 80 80 

AAQ1 28.00 75.00 8.00 17.00 1.31 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.00 75.03 8.01 17.00 

AAQ2 32.00 77.00 7.40 12.50 0.74 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 77.01 7.41 12.50 

AAQ3 45.00 76.00 9.00 16.20 3.65 0.03 0.01 0.06 0.03 0.01 76.06 9.03 16.21 

AAQ4 45.00 98.00 8.80 18.10 11.12 0.24 0.17 0.20 0.24 0.17 98.20 9.04 18.27 

AAQ5 35.00 67.00 7.50 14.10 24.39 0.69 0.64 0.43 0.69 0.64 67.43 8.19 14.74 

AAQ6 46.00 99.00 8.20 18.00 19.89 0.98 0.87 0.43 0.98 0.87 99.43 9.18 18.87 

AAQ7 37.00 71.00 8.30 17.00 25.27 0.69 0.63 0.46 0.69 0.63 71.46 8.99 17.63 

AAQ8 27.00 69.00 7.00 12.00 19.31 0.26 0.13 0.33 0.26 0.13 69.33 7.26 12.13 

11.48 0.24 0.17 0.21 0.24 0.17 0.21 0.24 0.17 

Maximum 46.00 99.00 9.00 18.10 344.55 11.31 9.98 6.78 11.31 9.98 105.78 20.31 28.08 

Distance S S S S S S S S S 

Direction 8.5 10 10 10 10 10 10.00 10.00 15.00 


CHAPTER-4 


Figure I-A: SPM ISOPLETHS- With pollution Control Equipment 

15000 

10000 

5000 

0 

-5000 

-10000 

-15000 

-15000 -10000 -5000 0 5000 10000 15000 


CHAPTER-4 


Figure I-B: SPM ISOPLETHS- With out pollution Control Equipment 

15000 

10000 

5000 

0 

-5000 

-10000 

-15000 

-15000 -10000 -5000 0 5000 10000 15000 


CHAPTER-4 


15000 

Figure II: SO2 

10000 

5000 

0 

-5000 

-10000 

-15000 

-15000 -10000 -5000 0 5000 10000 15000 


CHAPTER-4 


Figure III:NOX ISOPLETHS 

15000 

10000 

5000 

0 

-5000 

-10000 

-15000 

-15000 -10000 -5000 0 5000 10000 15000 


CHAPTER – 5 

5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME 

5.1 Monitoring, organization & cost 

5.2 General views 

The environmental management programme can be successfully 

implemented only with an efficient organizational set up. Similarly regular 

monitoring of the various environmental parameters is required to check the 

pollution status and effect of control measure and mid course corrections, if 

required. 

5.3 Monitoring schedule & parameters 

5.3.1 Monitoring Schedule and Parameters 

To evaluate the effectiveness of environmental management programme, 

regular monitoring of the significant environmental parameters will be taken up. 

The schedule, duration and parameters to be monitored are shown as under: 

Sl. Description of parameters Schedule & duration of 

monitoring 

1. AIR QUALITY 

Ambient air quality-monitoring stations 

minimum 3 will be established inside the 

factory area as well outside for SPM, RPM, 

SO2, NOx & CO. Location of the ambient 

air quality stations will be decided based 

on the meteorological data, topographical 

features and environmentally & 

ecologically sensitive targets. Selection of 

monitoring stations will be done in 

consultation with State Pollution Control 

Board. 

One sample (24 hourly) per 

day , per parameter once a 

month

CHAPTER-5 


Sl. Description of parameters Schedule & duration of 

monitoring 

2. WATER QUALITY 

Water quality of surface water will be 

monitored. Selection of monitoring station 

(min. 3) will be done in consultation with 

State Pollution Control Board. Near by 

spring and Riwiang river 

Physico-chemical, 

biological, toxic metals 

monthly 

3. Stack monitoring Boiler and other monthly 

4. Fugitive Emission Regular Monitoring 

5. Noise Level Regular Monitoring 

6. Soil Quality Every year in dry season, 

on all plantation areas 

7. Flora & Fauna Once in 3 years 

8. Socio-Economic Once in 3years. 

5.3.2 Health Check Up & its schedule. 

1. check up for all employees. 

2.X-ray of chest to check pulmonary TB, Silicosis etc. 

3.Lung function test. 

4. Sputum Test to detect Asbestos bodies. 

5.Audiometer test to find deafness. 

ii) Schedules : 

The following schedule for medical checkup is proposed: 

1. Comprehensive Pre-employment medical check up for all employees. 

2. Chest X- Ray once a year for workers in Fibermill, Hard ground waste 

plant and Carbo – cutting machine . 

3. Chest X- Ray for all other employees once every 3 years. 

4. Lung function test for all employees once every 6 months. 


CHAPTER-5 


5. Clinical examination of all employees once every 6 months. 

6. Sputam examination of employees in Fly ash handling cement & Cool 

Grinding area and crushing area. 

5.4 Post monitoring of existing system 

Examination of all air pollution control system with due respect to its 

performance regularly. A record shall be maintained and will be shown to 

regulatory authority as and when required. 

Examination of rainwater harvesting systems and storm water drains. 

Checking water contamination by drawing regular samples of run off 

water. Collection and analysis of water samples, coming out of the CETP 

to check the efficiency. 

Checking the quality of air by drawing regular air samples and getting 

them analyzed. 

Maintenance of the record of plantation to monitor plantation scheme, the 

area of plantation, the observance of growth rate and survival of plants. 

Observance of growth of fauna in the area. 

Sampling for noise pollution inside the plant requiring maintenance, 

which produce excess noise, and to study likely impact on workers 


CHAPTER-5 


5.4.1 CAPITAL COST TO BE INCURRED: 

Table No.5.1 

S.No Activities Amount (Rs in 

Lacs) 

1 Coal ash handling plant 92.54 

2 1xRCC stack chimney having 60’ height 52.88 

3 Water treatment plant including DM plant – 80.97 

4 Electrostatic Precipator set 248.70 

5 Dry Filter bag system 180.00 

TOTAL Rs 655.09 

5.4.2 Recurring cost: Rs 80 Lacs 

5.4.3 Budget for the next 5 years 

Table No.5.2 

Sl. Programme Villages Amount (Rs 

in Lac) 

1 Rainwater harvesting 3 5.0 

2 Education :- 

3 7.5 

Supply of study materials 

construction/ extension of village 

school buildings, financial aid to 

village schools 

3 Health & Hygiene :- 

3 4.6 

One new ambulance (higher 

capacity); mobile health camps, 

free supply of medicine, 

insecticides, etc. 

4 Promotion of cultural and social 

welfare activities :- 

Construction of community hall, 

extension of village club, supply of 

5.0 

furnitures financial aid to 

encourage local cultural heritage, 

regular film shows 


CHAPTER-5 


Sl. Programme Villages Amount (Rs 

in Lac) 

5 Training to villagers through self 3 3.5 

help group :- 

Tailoring, knitting, papad, pickle 

making etc for women 

SUB TOTAL 25.6 

B Budgetary provision for district & state 

15.0 

level development work for promotion 

of culture, social welfare, games & 

sports, education, health ground in 

terms of fund & kind 

GRAND TOTAL 40.6 

Note: Budget will be finalized with village Darbar after the initialization 

project. 

of the 


CHAPTER – 6 

6.0 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN 

6.1 Introduction: 

Shree Shakambari Ferro Alloy Pvt.Ltd. (formerly known as Shree 

Shakambari Coke and Mining Pvt.Ltd) having its Registered office at Village : 

Riwiang, BPO Seinduly, via Nongstion, West Khasi hills Meghalaya has 

proposes to set up a 8940Mt Ferro Alloys-Ferro Silicon from 10MVA submersible 

arc furnace including 10MW Captive Power Plant located at Vill Riwiang BPO 

Seinduly, Near Riangdo, via Nogngstoin, West Khasi Hills, Meghalaya. 

6.2 Scope of the Plan 

The Disaster Management Plan of the company is divided into two parts. 

(i) Onsite Emergency Plan 

In this plan, the company officers will be given pre-designated 

responsibilities for dealing with the emergency. 

(ii) Offsite Emergency Plan 

6.3 Disaster 

In this, different Govt. agencies will be conformed about the emergency 

for necessary help from them. 

A disaster is an unforeseen combination of circumstances that causes 

serious body injuries loss of life or extensive damage to the plant facilities or 

total. 

Anyone or more of the following uncontrollable factors may cause 

disaster: 

1. Reduction or failure of steam 

2. Reduction or failure of cooling water

CHAPTER-6 


3. Failure of power 

4. Rupture or damage of the line, vessel or tank 

5. Excessive leakage of inflammable or corrosive or toxic material 

6. Cyclone 

7. Earthquake 

8. Fine or explosion 

9. Sabotage 

10. Riot 

11. Air Raid 

6.4 On-Site Emergency Plan 

a) The disaster control procedure lays down the efforts to be made to 

prevent fatal accidents, physical harm or injury to personnel and 

damage to equipment facilities materials. It requires coordinated 

efforts of all employees to control and eliminate a disastrous 

situation. 

b) All efforts to control a disaster will be coordinated among the 

various Coordinator and all actions, taken will be as directed by the 

Chief coordinator. The coordinating members will be responsible to 

kept him posted on the development and course of action followed 

by them. 

6.5 Basis Approach 

The entire plant will be divided into three zones: 

Zone 1 - Ferro Alloy Unit 

Zone 2 - CPP 


CHAPTER-6 


Zone 3 - Main Office Stores & Stock Yard 

Each zone will be considered as a separate entity and the hazards 

identified in each zone will be dealt with details separately. The 

main hazards in the plant will be identified to be occurrence of fire 

and explosion. However, some of the major hazards are common to 

more than one zone. At the time of emergency, the employees will 

be requested to assemble at the following assembly points of the 

respective zone. 

Zone 1 - Ferro Alloy Unit 

Zone 2 - CPP 

Zone 3 - Main Office Stores & Stock Yard 

The emergency will be recognized from the siren. The siren in 

variable tone is blown continuously for three minutes. Also, the end 

of the emergency will be recognized by the siren, which will be 

continuously blown for two minutes. 

6.6 Disaster Management Committee 

An APEX Committee will be constituted to case for onsite and off 

site aspects. 

6.7 Basic Function and Responsibilities of the Apex Committee 

a) Basic Functions 

To organize and coordinate all activities prior to, during and after 

accessories of an emergency till normality is restored. Director or 

LEO in his absence will function or chief coordinator of the 

committee and the other unit coordinator will assist him in 

controlling the disaster. As soon as emergency situation arises, the 


CHAPTER-6 


unit coordinator shall take the steps under instructions from Chief 

coordinator to control the situation as per action plan. 

Functions of Unit Co-coordinator 

The unit Co-coordinator will immediately make on assessment of 

the situation 

Ecomen Laboratories Pvt.Ltd .Lucknow 

in consultation with the heads of Mechanical Electrical 

and other section of the department and take steps to reduce the 

hazardous condition, by 

shall coordinate the efforts for 

cutting off the source of the supply. He 

continued operation for shutdown. 

He shall advise on protection of equipment and materials and on 

repairs needed to be undertaken to 

advise on isolation of vessels, tanks etc. to 

involved. All measure for evacuation, if any 

by him. 

control the situation. He shall 

prevent them from being 

needed, will be advised 

Function of welfare and liaison co-coordinator during an emergency 

During an emergency, the welfare and liaison co-coordinator manager 

(HR) will take all steps to maintain the morale of the workers, enlist 

active co-operation of workers, elected representatives, contact the 

family members of the workers, and shall arrange, food, clothing & 

shelter to the affected persons. It shall coordinate with the State Govt. 

and other outside agencies and shall communicate to the press as per 

directive of the Chief coordinator. 

Health Services Co-coordinator 

As soon as the emergency arises, the Health Services coordinators, 

Chief Medical Officer shall make all arrangements for first aid on the 

spot and shall arrange for ambulance services, clearance of casualty

CHAPTER-6 


and for necessary Medical help team first aid center. He shall enlist the 

service of other nearby medical professional, if necessary. 

Safety Coordinator 

The Dy. Manager (safety) will act as a safety Co-coordinator. Dy. 

Manager (safety)shall organize training programme in consultation 

with HRD centre and shall assess the training needs of different 

levels of workers and shall also arrange for mock drill periodically. 

He will also coordinate for easy availability of safety equipment 

required during emergency. 

Security Co-coordinator 

The senior security officer shall make all arrangement for controlling 

and exit of these plant. He shall ensure interval order and request 

outside resistance for police and other security services, if required. 

He shall take care of fire fighting service and seek assistance of fire 

fighting facilities from fire brigade from the nearest. 

On Duty Security Officer 

Security officer remains round the clock on the factory. After hearing 

emergency siren, he will immediately contact the chief coordinator. 

He will also inform to all concerned key persons. 

Emergency Personnel Responsibility outside Normal Working 

Hours of the Factory 

Shift In-charge of respective sections will be responsible to attend 

the emergency during outside normal working hours of factory. On 

hearing the emergency siren, he will immediately proceeds to the 


CHAPTER-6 


site of incident. On arrival, he shall assess the intensity of the 

incident and direct all operations within the affected areas with the 

following priorities: 

a) Secure the safety of person, which may require evacuation to the 

assembly point. 

b) Minimize damage to plant, property and the environment 

c) Minimize loss of material. 

d) Have regards to need for preserving evidences that would 

facilitate subsequent enquiry. 

e) Inform section in-charge as to what services are/are not required. 

f) Advised the on duty security officer/Telephone operator 

whether to make announcement on public address system. 

g) He should immediately inform the Chief coordinator & Dy. Chief 

Coordinator of the concerned section and handover the charge of 

operation to the unit coordinator when he arrives at the site. 

6.8 Facilities Available With the Factory 

a) Fire Fighting Facility 

The entire factory will be protected with fire hydrant system from 

out side and inside the shop floor. Apart from this 

the control 

rooms SAF Department will be 

provided with Automatic fire 

Alarm & Detection System, which gives early warning of the fire. 

b) Medical Facility 

The Plant will have all emergency medicine and In case of Major 

accident nearest Medical Center to be contacted.. 

c) Material Handling 


CHAPTER-6 


Heavy duty cranes including mobile cranes, form lifts, trucks 

trolleys will be used in the plant. The same will be used at time of 

emergency for handling the material. 

d) Personnel protective Equipments 

Safety shoe, safety helmets, safety goggles, leather handgloves, 

rubber handgloves, acid proof aprons, earplugs, aprons, leg guards, 

etc. will be available in the Central stores of the plant. At the time of 

emergency the same will be made easily available by safety Cocoordinator. 

Off Site Emergency Plan 

Type of emergency facilities/actions required form outside bodies. 

a) Fire fighting facilities required: Factory has got its own fire fighting 

facilities but during emergency, fire brigade from nearest center 

may be called. 

b) Police help required: during emergency for evacuation of the people, 

traffic control security arrangements etc. police help form the 

nearest Police Station is required. 

c) Medical help required: seriously injured personnel may be referred 

to the Govt. Medicals depending upon the gravity and type of 

injuries. 

List of Key persons of off site emergency plan are given in Table No: 

6.1 


CHAPTER-6 


List of Key Person of Site 

Table No. 6.1 

Sl. NO. Emergency Co-coordinator Name of Key 

1 Chief coordinator Director 

2 Dy. Chief coordinator CEO (Plant) 

3 Unit-coordinator GM (Administration GRM) 

4 Unit coordinator DGM (SMS) 

5 Unit coordinator Sr. Manager (Main) 

6 Unit coordinator Electrical 

7 Unit coordinator Ferro Alloys 

8 Unit coordinator CPP 

Action Plan 

Table No.6.2 

The following steps will be to be taken immediately after the 

occurrence of the major hazards 

Sl.No. Steps to be taken Responsibility Information to be 

given to 

1. Initial assessment of HOD 

Chief Coordinator 

the hazards in 

consultation with 

Unit coordinator 

2 Immediate steps to 

be taken to inform 

firm service and 

occupational Health 

Services Centre 

(OHSC) 

HOD 

Unit Coordinator HOD 

(HRM) Dy. Manager 

(Security) 

3 Assessment of the 

hazard and the 

impact of the 

hazards on unit, on 

Chief 

coordinator in 

consultation 

with Dy. Chief 

HOD (HRM) 


CHAPTER-6 


the zone, on the 

plant, on the 

township to be 

assessed 

4 Alerting accordingly 

depending upon 

impact of the hazard 

5 Measures to be taken 

in the unit 

shop/zone 


in the plant 


in the Town ship 

8 Proper functioning of 

control room & 

coordination with 

concerned agencies 

9 Seeking help from 

outside agencies like 

police & other State 

Govt. authorities 

coordinators 

Chief 

coordinator in 

consultation 

with Dy. Chief 

coordinators 

HOD in 

consultation 

with Dy.-Chief 

coordinators 

Concerned Dy. 

Chief 

coordinator 

HOD (HRM) 

HOD (HRM) 

HOD (HRM) 

HOD (HRM) for 

outside help 

Unit coordinator 

Chief coordinator 

Chief coordinator in 

consultation with Jt. 

MD 


Chief coordinator in 

consultation with Dy. 



CHAPTER-6 


List of Key Persons IOR off Site Emergency Plan 

Table No. 6.3 

1 Collector of West Khasi Hills District Headquarter at Nongstoin 

2 Asst. Director I st & II 

3 Fire Office Moyobon 

4 Controller of Explosive 

5 District Information Officer Nongstoin 

6 Suptd. of Police Nongstoin 

7 District Health Officer Nongstoin 

8 Asst. Labour Commissioner 

9 SDO Nongstoin 

Likely Occurrence of major accidents from: 

a) Storage - Likely occurrence of major accidents could only be a fire 

and explosion. 

b) Process - From Processes also likely occurrence of major accident 

could be fire. Since processes does not involve any toxic 

chemicals and hence no chance of leakage of toxic gases. 

c) Leakage / Splashing of liquid metal 

Physical range of consequence propagating: 

a) From storage – Entire process plant 

b) From process – Localise to affected area 


CHAPTER – 7 

7.0 PROJECT BENEFITS 

7.1 Employment potential 

The proposed project will generate employment opportunities for 250 

persons. This will be beneficial to the local people in getting jobs. Many people 

apart from the above will get indirect employment which will help in improving 

social status of people in the area. 

7.1.1 Welfare facilities to workers 

Quarters 

The company will provide quarter facilities to its workers. The company 

will provide a colony and spend lakhs of rupees for maintaining the colony, 

roads, water pipe lines and drainage system. Company will provide electricity 

portable water supply, civil and electrical maintenance to its employees. 

Canteen 

Company will provided an Industrial Canteen to cater the needs of 

workers. The canteen will supply subsidized food items during breakfast, and 

supplies tea and snacks during three shifts at their work places. 

Uniforms 

Every year company will provide uniforms, shoe to all its workers. 

Company will also provide Rain coats and Gumboots. 

Health centre 

For providing medical facilities to its workers company will provide a 

Health Centre. Two doctors and para medical staff will be available to meet 

the requirements of the workers. Medicines will be supplied to the workers as


CHAPTER-7 

per the prescription of the attending doctor. In case of any emergency 

company will provide ambulance to shift the patient to any major hospital. 

School 

The company will establish a school in its colony to provide educational 

facility to local population of the area in both English and local language. This 

will help the children of this area to be literate and can have better chance to get 

a job opportunity in the company. 

Sports club & Library 

The company will provide sports club and library in the colony for the 

well being of its employees and their children. Every year the sports committee 

will conduct games and sports among the workers and their children. The 

company will provide sports material in the club and reading material in the 

library. 

Other welfare activities 

For the convenience and benefit of the workers, their family members and 

people of surrounding village, company will provided, Guest House, STD Booth, 

Post Office, Banks, Schools, Shopping Complex, Telephone facilities, temples, 

library and other facilities. 

7.2 Welfare activities (Community development) 

The following are some of the community development which will be 

taken up by Shri Shakambari Ferro Alloys Pvt.Ltd. 

7.2.1 Rural employment 

Company will provided permanent employment to the locals based on 

their qualification. 



CHAPTER-7 

Further, local people of surrounding villages will be encouraged to give 

their services through contractors who are engaged for development work. 

7.2.2 Roads 

any. 

The company will contribute generously for development of village road if 

7.2.3 Bus shelters & Community hall 

For the benefit of the rural population of the area, the Company will built 

bus shelters, community halls etc. 

7.2.3.1 Education 

The company will established a school in its colony to provide educational 

facility to local population of the area in both English and local language. 

Education in local language will be free of cost for poor class. The English 

Medium education will be subsidised. Many children of this rural area will get 

opportunities because of the availability of education at their door step 

The Company will provide transport of students to go to schools. The 

Company will have scheme of scholarship for encouraging meritorious students 

of the area. 

7.2.3.2 Literacy campaign 

The Company will organise Total Literacy Campaign in the area. The 

company will use the services of its officers for spreading literacy in the area. 

7.2.3.3 Medical assistance 

‣ Shri Shakambari FerrAlloy Pvt.Ltd. will employ qualified medical doctors 

supported by paramedical staff at its Occupational Health Centre. 



CHAPTER-7 

‣ The Health Centre apart from attending to the routine accidents and 

common clinical problems of the employees, is also geared up to treat 

other areas. 

‣ The nearby villagers can avail the facility of the health center. 

‣ Health education and awareness programme will be given to the villagers 

of nearby villages. 

‣ The Company will provide ambulance services for bringing patients 

from villages to the dispensary and also for transporting serious patients 

The company will organise the following camps for meeting the specific 

requirements of the local public apart from providing the above services. 

a) Eye Camp 

The company will provide free Eye Camp once in six month in the nearby 

village. Cataract operation and post operative care will be provided by the 

doctors of the Company incase of poor senior citizens. 

b) Blood bank: 

The Company will donate generously for establishment of a blood bank. 

c) Family welfare camps 

Family welfare will be given much importance. The Company will give 

incentives to persons who undergo family planning operations. 

d) Health camps 

‣ The company will organise free health camp in nearby village 

‣ The Company will contribute generously for the health camps conducted 

by the other voluntary organization. 



CHAPTER-7 

7.2.3.4 Eradication of child labour 

The company will conduct awareness programme for elimination of child 

labour for creating awareness among the local public. The local MLA, 

local people’s representatives, teachers, industrialists and police participation 

will be invited for the above work. 

7.2.3.5 Library, sports and cultural facilities 

‣ The Company will provide library, reading room facilities for the benefit 

of all the local public. 

‣ The Company will encourage Art and Cultural talent among the residents. 

‣ The company will encourage conducting tournaments and contribute 

generously for conducting the sports & games events. 


CHAPTER – 8 

8.0 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN 

The impact assessment of the proposed project has highlighted certain 

areas, which need special attention. The proposed project site will be the first 

major industry in the district. The villages are backward. The coming up of this 

Project will help to develop the area to some extent. 

The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is required to ensure 

sustainable development in the study area (10-km) of the project site. The project 

will carry out the control measures for air pollution by installing ESP and has 

also drawn up advance plans for rainwater harvesting and plantation 

programme. These are covered in the following paragraphs. 

8.1 Construction phase: 

The construction activities of the proposed plant will have some adverse 

impact on the environment. 

The activities during the construction phase of the plant include site 

preparation, transportation of construction materials and equipment and 

construction of the infrastructural facilities. During this phase workers/ labors 

would be staying on site till completion of the construction work. The impact 

will last only for a short period of about 14 months. 

As soon as construction is over, the excavated earth has to be utilized to fill 

up low-lying areas, the rubbish is to be cleared and all inbuilt surfaces reinstated. 

No tree cutting is involved. The project authority will undertake plantation over 

an area of 3.65acres. It is proposed to undertake plantation wherever possible 

during construction phase also.

CHAPTER-8 


8.1.1 Air pollution 

a. There will be no major leveling operation and hence so no major excavation 

will be necessary except for the purpose of foundations. 

b. Dust, the major source of air pollution is likely to be generated from construction 

activities and transportation. Hence water sprinkling will be 

done on regular basis. 

c. The construction vehicles will be properly maintained to minimize smoke 

in the exhaust emissions. 

d. All transportation vehicles during construction have valid pollution check 

certificate. 

e. Regular inspection will be done for evaluating the Pollution norms / non 

use of covering sheet in the transportation vehicles etc. 

f. Project authority will take necessary step to control the fugitive emission. 

8.1.2 Noise 

Noise generation during construction phase will be due to the operation of 

heavy equipments and increased frequency of vehicular traffic in the area. The 

noise generated will be diffused by the natural obstructions and with distance. 

On-site workers will be provided earmuffs. As far as possible noise prone activities 

will be restricted during night (10 pm to 6 am). 

8.1.3 Water quality 

There will be temporary houses along with canteen and toilet facilities. 

Water for washing & sanitary requirement will be meet out from the Riwang riv- 


CHAPTER-8 


er/stored rain water. There will be negligible impact on the surface water quality. 

The drinking water will be purchased from outside. It is proposed to utilize 

maximum rain water from the stored reservoir. 

8.1.4 Solid Waste Management 

During Construction Phase contaminate runoff from storage will be captured 

in the ditches / ponds with an oil trap on the outlet instead of free flow 

.No bitumen allowed to flow into side drain. The bitumen drum will be stored in 

a predefined place. Debris and bitumen waste remaining after black top works, 

will be cleaned and disposed off in a safe place. 

An area of approximately 2000 sq.mt. will be kept for storage of the waste 

and this area will be covered by tin sheets. 

All lose soil etc will be provided with retaining wall of suitable height to 

prevent mixing with surface water during rain. 

8.1.5 Traffic density 

Transportation of equipments and plying of heavy earth moving machineries 

will be brought to site with proper traffic norms to ensure not to disturb the 

routine traffic flow. 

8.1.6 Occupational Health and Safety measures: 

Construction Workers will be provided the following: 

Clean drinking water to all workers 

Latrines and urinals 

Guarding all parts of dangerous machineries 


CHAPTER-8 


Provision of safety belts 

‣ Provision of protective equipment like helmet, ear muff etc. 

‣ Provide fire extinguisher, bucket of water 

Adequate light for working during night 

8.2 Operational phase 

8.2.1 Air pollution 

Ferrosilicon Plant: A Chimney made of MS Plate of 2.3 mts internal diameter 

will be located next to the pollution control equipment. 

Pollution control equipment will be connected to the dust emission point 

with MS ducts i.e duct from hood on the furnace & another duct from Raw material 

bunker. 

Fumes generated within the furnace will be captured in the open hood. Requisite 

amount of ambient air will be drawn in through all round opening between 

furnace and hood. Gases with admixture air will flow upwards through a 

stack provided over furnace hood. Temperature of gases will be 2500 0 C. Gases 

will be drawn through an off take duct from the furnace stack. Motorized Isolating 

dampers will be provided on furnace stack as in off take duct. 

Gases at 2500 0 C will be cooled down to 1900 0 C in a natural draught radiation-convection 

cooler. The gases will be further cooled down to 1800 0 C through 

dilution air-cooling before entering into the bag filter for cleaning of the gases. 

Dilution air cooling will facilitate temperature control at bag filter inlet through 

PID loop. 

Cooled gases will be cleaned in a compartmentalized Jet Pulse Bag Filter 

suitable for off line cleaning to ensure outlet emission < 50mg/nm3. 


CHAPTER-8 


Collected dust in the hoppers of gas cooler and bag filter will be stored in 

trolley / wheel barrows for further disposal. 

Ventilation of the installation will be provided by 2 ID fans each of 50% capacity, 

which will discharge the cleaned gases from the bag filter to the atmosphere 

through a 30m high self supporting chimney refer Exhibit No: 8.1. 


i. The pollution control regulations limit the particulate matter emission from 

the Power Plant as 150 mg. /Ncum. The CPP will have Electrostatic precipitators 

set of efficiency 99.95% installed for reducing the SPM levels to 50 

mg./Ncum. The proposed power plant will operate throughout the year at 

330 days. The sulphur di-oxide emission shall be controlled by using lime in 

boiler which will convert SO2 to CaSO4 and the prescribed limit of pollution 

control Board will be maintained. The total Ash quantity generated from the 

boilers will be about 10 to 12 thousand MT per annum. 

ii. As the quantity of ash is quite small it will not be too difficult to control the 

same by commissioning the Ash handling plant of 2 tonne/hour capacity 

and the dust being Non-hazardous will be used for land filling, brick making 

and other purpose The Ash storage silo will be of steel made and of capacity 

40 MT (2X16 hours=32MT) The balance amount will be supplied to 

Cement Plant. 

iii. Dust Extraction and Dust Suppression will be provided in the coal handling 

plant. 

Fugitive emissions are generated from material handling systems, raw material 

storage yards and material movement will be suppressed by water spraying. 


CHAPTER-8 


8.2.2 Water Environment: 

Ferrosilicon Plant: In the Ferro alloy plant water is mainly required for 

cooling of furnace parts. No water is required for process. This is equivalent to 

the evaporation from the water storage tank. A tank will be designed to store 

water required for 10 days. This will be replenished every day form the water 

source like river intake. This water will be pumped from water tank to furnace 

through a pipe line. A water header is used at the furnace to distribute water to 

various furnace equipment through pipeline. The return water is collected in a 

trough and supplied back to the water tank by gravity. 

A cooling tower will be used to cool the return water and the cold water 

will then be discharged in to the water tank. 

Water from intake will first be treated to remove any impurity and to 

maintain the desired pH level so as to avoid the scaling in the pipe line. The water 

storage tank will be replenished with this treated water. 

Captive Power Plant: Atmospheric Fludised Bed Combustion (AFBC) boiler 

is proposed which is suitable for Meghalaya coal. The area witness 

heavy rainfall and remain for a long period, 7 to 8 months in a year. So it is 

proposed to store the rain water in a reservoir and use the same in the 

plant. On an average 20% of the total water demand will be fulfilled from 

rain water. Rest of the water demand will be meet out from the Riwing 

River nearby the site. Water Balance of Ferrosilicon Plant and Captive 

Power Plant is given in Exhibit No.8.2& 8.3. 

A RO water treatment plant will be installed make up water requirement 

of steam generation turbine cycle. 


CHAPTER-8 


The RO plant involves the following- 

The source of raw water for the plant is river water and will be in the small 

break reservoir. 

Undissolved impurities like turbidity, silt, mud dirt and other suspended 

matter shall be removed using a Multigrade filter. The filtered water, after 

dosing, is taken to RO system. Antiscalant dosing system is considered to 

prevent scaling formation in the RO membranes. Dechlorination is ensured 

by SMBS dosing. 

The RO system will be complete with built in chemical cleaning system, 

which consists of cleaning pump, HDPE tank, catride filters etc. The complete 

RO skid will be fabricated from rolled steel and protected with epoxy 

paint. 

The RO system will have a conductivity meter in the product system 

gauges at the inlet/outlet of system, low pressure switch to safeguard the 

pump, high pressure switch to safeguard the membranes etc. 

In the RO system, about 70%-80% of the feed water will be recovered as 

RO permeate water (product water).The balance of pretreated water will 

be reject(brine stream)from the system. Flow meters will be provided in 

the product and reject line to give flow indications. 

8.2.3 Waste water management: 

There will be no waste water generation except reject water with high 

TDS and suspended matters 

DM Plant Effluent will be neutralized in a neutralizing Pit and then 

stored in a common Effluent Pit known as Guard Pond. Guard Pond will also be 

fed with other Process water drains such as Boiler Blow Down and Cooling 


CHAPTER-8 


Tower Blow Down. This water will be utilized in plant for Dust Suppression, 

Gardening, Road Water Sprinkling and Construction Water as required. 

Neutralization pit 

Hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide will be used as regenerates in 

the proposed mixed bed polishers of water treatment plant. The acid and alkali 

effluents generated during the regeneration process of the ion-exchangers would 

be drained into aepoxy lined underground neutralizing pit. The necessary provisions 

will be made in such a manner that the effluents will be neutralized by addition 

of either acid or alkali to achieve the required pH of about 7.0. The neutralizing 

pit will be sized approximately for 15 cu.m capacity. The rejects from the 

water treatment plant will have high TDS which could be diluted and used for 

cleaning purpose in the project. This water also can be used for plantation, Toilets 

and dust suppression within factory premises. 

Further, all blow down water from Boiler, Auxiliary Cooling Tower basin, 

System leakage water through Equipment Overflow Drain (EOD) etc. will be 

Channelised to CEP. 

Water from the CEP will then be pumped out for various purposes like 

Horticulture, Dust Suppression, & Ash Conditioning within the plant area. 

8.2.4 Sewage Water 

Sewage water generation from the plant and few residential quarter will 

be less and soak pit will be constructed for the same. 


CHAPTER-8 


8.2.5 Rain Water Harvesting: 

Rain water from the roof top and ground will be stored in a reservoir of 

adequate capacity. This water will be used after treatment .Rain water harvesting 

plan is shown in Exhibit No: 8.4 

8.2.6 Land Environment and Solid Waste Management: 

Ferrosilicon Plant The solid waste generated from Ferro Silicon Furnace is Slag. 

The slag generation will be maximum 10 M.tons per month. This is a non hazardous 

waste. This slag will be sold to outside agency. 

Captive Power Plant: Bed ash about 1488MT / year i.e. 4.8 MT per day (using 

100% Meghalaya Coal) and 4278MT/Year i.e. 13.8 MT per day (using 50% Meghalaya 

Coal+50% F Grade Coal ) 

The bed ash will be sieved and used as refilling of Bed Materials in Boiler. Rejects 

being granular can be used for road development. 

ii) Fly ash about 5952MT / year i.e. 19.2 MT per day (using 100% Meghalaya 

Coal) and 17112MT/Year i.e. 55.2 MT per day (using 50% Meghalaya Coal+50% 

F Grade Coal). The fly ash will be used as raw material in the nearby Cement 

plant. Besides, fly ash can be used as road sub-base, filler in asphalt mix for 

roads, land filling material, etc. 

8.2.7 Noise Environment 

The rotating equipment in the power plant will be designed in such a 

manner so that it can operate with a total noise level of not exceeding 85 to 90 de- 


CHAPTER-8 


cibal as per the requirement of occupational safety and health Administration 

standards. The rotating equipments are provided with silencers wherever required 

to meet the noise pollution. 

8.2.8 Thermal Pollution 

A close circuit cooling water system with cooling tower has been proposed. 

This eliminates the letting out the high temperature water into the canals 

and prevents thermal pollution. Blow down from the cooling tower will be 

trenched out and ultimately it will be used for dust suppression, gardening, 

washing, cleaning of toilets etc. 

8.2.9 Floor cleaning 

Industrial vacuum cleaners will be used to sweep the floor in the plant. 

8.2.10 Dispatch section 

All roads will be made pucca to ensure that there is no fugitive emission 

due to plying of trucks. Water sprinkling will be done on the roads. 

Monitoring of stack attached to boiler and other will be done regularly to 

check the emission. 


i. As discussed in Chapter-4 the impact on flora and fauna will be minimum as 

the area is devoid of any vegetation. Further the project authority will undertake 

plantation over an area of 3.65 acres 

ii. 

Trees, road side hedges will help in lowering SO2, airborne lead and dust. 

Evergreen trees, shrubs with dense foliage and large surface area, pollu- 


CHAPTER-8 


tion resistant and less water consuming plants will be planted for pollution 

control. Few of them are: 

Herbs/ Flowers 

1. Azalea 

2. Chrysanthemum (Guldavari) 

3. Golden Pothos 

4. Spider Plants 

5. Philodendron 

6. Dieffenbachia 

7. English Ivy 

8. Peace Lily 

9. Gerbera Daisy 

10. Warneckei 

11. Cyclamens 

12. Tulips 

13. Prayer Plants 

14. Christmas cactus 

Trees 

1. Pinus khasia 

2. Quercus leucotricophora 

3. Fraxinus micrantha 

4. Panger 

5. Bottel bruce 

6. Pome granate 

7. Pine apple 

8. Pyrus pacia 

9. Prunus cersodies 

10. Myrica esculenta 

11. Populus indica 

12. Salix babelonia 

13. Citrus species 

14. Bombax cieba 

15. Acer pittum 

16. Anthocephalus cadamba 

Shrubs/Climbers 


CHAPTER-8 


1. Rambans 

2. Bauhinia spp. 

3. Cororaria nepalensis 

4. Arundnaria falcutta 

5. Lagerstroemia spp. 

6. Bogen valleia 

The total green area will consist of 50% trees, 25%landscape grass and 

25%shrubs. These will be planted in a phased manner as given below over 

a period of 10 years. 

S.No. 

Year of Plantation 

Area of the plantation(m2) 

1 2012-2013 2809.00 562 

2 2013-2014 2215.60 443 

3 2014-2015 1401.76 280 

4 2015-2016 1245.19 249 

5 2016-2017 1327.91 266 

6 2017-2018 1401.76 280 

7 2018-2019 1295.42 259 

8 2019-2020 1181.68 236 

9 2020-2021 983.75 197 

10 2021-2022 908.42 181 

No of trees 

Afforestation plan is shown in Exhibit No.8.5 

8.2.12 Occupational health 

a. Nose masks will be provided to the workers at dust prone areas. 

b. Safety shoes will be provided to all the workers working at hot metal 

bay. 

c. Safety shoes, Safety aprons, safety helmets & safety goggles will be 

provided to all the workers at furnace. 


CHAPTER-8 


d. Water sprinklers will be provided at raw material sheds and other dust 

prone areas to reduce the flying dust and to keep the plant dust free. 

e. Dispensary is provided in the plant to take care of minor health problems. 

f. Safety rules & precautions will be displayed in the plant at required 

places. 

g. Fire extinguishers will be provided in all buildings in the plant. 

h. The workers will be imparted training before being put on a job so that 

they will operate the machines with its full knowledge. 

i. The company will have first-aid boxes at all the appropriate places in the 

factory premises. 

j. The company will also make provision for an ambulance in case it will be 

required for an emergency purpose. 

k. The project site will also have a doctor available round the clock. 

l. For providing medical facilities to its workers company will provide a 

Health Centre. Two doctors and para medical staff will be available to 

meet the requirements of the workers. Medicines will be supplied to the 

workers as per the prescription of the attending doctor. In case of any 

emergency company will provide ambulance to shift the patient to any 

major hospital. 


CHAPTER-8 


Details of Ventilation System 

Table No.8.1 

Sl. No. Location Operating Control 

1 Compressor Room Exhaust Fan 

2 Cable Gallery Exhaust Fan 

3 TG hall at three levels Exhaust Fan 

4 Battery room Exhaust Fan 

ii) Work Practices: 

All work place houses keeping will be maintained for safe and maintained 

dust free as practicable. Removal from floors and other surfaces accumulations 

will be done by mechanical sweepers. Use of compressed air will be prohibited 

for personal cleaning and equipments. Brushing will be adopted. Employees will 

be provided with canteen facilities for consumption of food Smoking will not be 

allowed within the work area. All the employees will be trained periodically 

about proper house keeping and hygiene practices. Employees will be provided 

with ample wash areas. 

iii) Protective Equipment: 

Nose Mask Respirators of reputed company / brand as prescribed by OSHA 

will be provided by the industry to the employees. The Nose mask will be 

changed whenever the employee notices an increase in breathing resistance. 


CHAPTER-8 


The industry will provide work clothing, gloves, hats, shoes, face shields, vented 

goggles, and other appropriate protective equipment. The industry will replace 

the required protective clothing or equipment as needed to maintain their effectiveness. 

iv) Medical Surveillance: 

The industry will have a dispensary within the premises and all the employees 

will be tested for medical fitness at the time of recruitment. All employees 

will be medically examined by Factory Medical officers once in two 

years to ascertain the health status of all workers in respect of Occupational 

Heath hazard to which they are exposed. 

Medical officer will prepare a list of hazardous area both area wise and trade 

wise Specific tests are performed for identification of such occupational hazard. 

No person is employed to operate a crane, locomotive or work-lift or give signals 

unless his eye sight and color vision have been examined by qualified ophthalmologist. 

v) Employee Information and Training: 

The industry will provide training program for the employees to inform 

them of the following aspects; hazards of operations, proper usage of nose mask 

and earplugs, the importance of engineering controls and work practices associated 

with job assignment(s). 

List of Tests to be conducted and recorded every two years: 


CHAPTER-8 


1. Eyes 8. Ears 

2. Respirator system 9. Circulatory system (Blood Pressure) 

3. Abdomen 10. Nervous System 

4. Locomotor System 11. Skin 

5. Hernia 12. Hydrocele 

6. Urine 13. Blood for ESR Report 

7. Audiogram 14. Chest X Ray 

8.2.13 Medical examinations: 

The following medical check up/examinations will be done: 


2. X-ray of chest to exclude pulmonary TB, Silicosis etc. 

3. Lung function test. 

4. Sputum Test to detect Asbestos bodies. 

5. Audiometer test to find deafness. 

Schedules: 

The following schedule for medical checkup will be followed: 


2. Chest X- Ray once a year for workers in Fibremill, Hard ground waste plant 

and Carbo – cutting machine. 

3. Chest X- Ray for all other employees once every 3 years. 

4. Lung function test for all employees once every 6 months. 

5. Clinical examination of all employees once every 6 months. 


CHAPTER-8 


6. Sputam examination of employees in Fibremill, Hard ground waste plant 

and Carbo – cutting machine once every year. 

7. Comprehensive medical examination of all the employees after retirement 

and all those employees with more than 5 years of service leaving the company. 

The periodicity of this examination will be once in 3 years for employees 

working in fibremill, Carbo cutting & HGW plant. For other employees 

it will be once in 5 years. This will be for a period of 15 years after retirement 

or for a period of 40 years. 

8.2.14 Socio-economic development 

The socio-economic development due to the proposed project is discussed 

in Chapter-7. The project authority will carry out following peripheral development 

in the nearby villages. 

1. Education 

Supply of study materials, construction/ extension of village school buildings, 

financial aid to village schools 

2. Health & Hygiene 

One ambulance; mobile health camps, free supply of medicine, insecticides, 

etc. will be provided for the villagers. 

3. Promotion of cultural and social welfare activities :- 

Construction of community hall, extension of village club, supply of furnitures, 

financial aid to encourage local cultural heritage, regular film shows 

4. Training to villagers through self help group 

Tailoring, knitting, papad & pickle making etc for women 


CHAPTER-8 


8.2.15 Seismicity: 

As discussed in impact assessment chapter the area falls under seismic 

zone – V. All constructional activities will be as per the BIS Standard Guidelines 

for earthquake resistant buildings. 


CHAPTER-8 



30KLPD 

Cooling 

system 

Surface 

water 62 

KLPD 

18 

80KLPD 

50 KLPD 

Domestic & 

Soak pit 

18KLPD 

18KLPD 

Miscellaneous 

Water balance for Ferrosilicon Plant 

Exhibit No: 8.2

Cooling 

water 4800 

KLPD 

Boiler feed 

80 KL 

96 KLPD 

Loss/Use 

40 KLPD 

Loss/Use 

4704 KLPD 

Recycled 

40 KLPD 

CP 

Filter 

backwash 40 

KLPD 

22 KLPD 

Loss/Use 

18 KLPD 

CP 

Neutralization 

Pit 

DM plant 

rising water 

48KLPD 

46 KLPD 

Loss/Use 

2 KLPD 

CP 

Service 

water 48 

KLPD 

46KLPD 

Loss/Use 

2 KLPD 

CP 

Total water requirement 

Water recycle 

Make up water 

Source of Water 

5016 KLPD 

4766 KLPD 

250 KLPD 

Surface Water 

62 KLPD 

Common pit 

Dust suppression, 

Ash conditioning 

plantation etc. 

Water balance for Captive Power Plant 

Exhibit No: 8.3

Ecomen Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. - Meghalaya State Pollution Control ...

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