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24 The Underground Railroad is a Remarkable Story in Ohio’s History by Ann duke This year marks the 150th anniversary of the start of the Civil War – a war that shaped this nation’s character. It has been said, “Those caught up in the Civil War were not hirelings of a warlike state. They were doctors, lawyers, clerks, farmers, blacksmiths, business owners, brothers, sisters, fathers, mothers, sons, daughters, husbands, wives and lovers. They were ordinary people whose lives were fiercely moved by patriotic passions, pierced by bugle calls, shattered by bullets, torn by the cries of the wounded, and buried in the silence of the slain.” At a Congressional hearing in 1997 a spokesperson for the Ohio Underground Railroad Association stated, “The Underground Railroad movement is a story of personal empowerment. These ordinary people became the David who slew Goliath. They were the foot soldiers of resistance and change. These unsung heroes and heroines, whose acts of conscience and courage are largely untold, were prepared to die for their beliefs. It is one of America’s most powerful social movements.” Ohio played a pivotal role in this “Liberty Line” as attested to in a 1936 Ohio newspaper article, which reported, “The Underground Railroad was the most successful secret organization ever to exist in this country, and Ohio, because of its location, was, by far, the most highly successful of all the states involved.” To add further proof of Ohio’s extraordinary involvement, historians report that, in a 34-year period, 40,000 fugitive slaves traveled through the state’s network of “stations.” Musical Program Commemorates Civil War To commemorate the 150th anniversary of the start of the Civil War, the Summit County Historical Society is partnering with Cuyahoga Valley National Park to host Bobby Horton, a multi-instrumentalist, composer and music historian from Alabama, on Friday and Saturday, June 24 and 25. CVNP will host Bobby Horton as part of the Lyceum Lecture Series Friday, June 24, at the Happy Days Lodge where he will perform a repertoire of Civil War music. Saturday, June 25, at 2 p.m., SCHS will host a free Bobby Horton encore performance, Authentic Civil War Music: A Vocal and Instrumental History Lesson, on the front porch of the Perkins Stone Mansion. Bring along your lawn chair or pack a picnic blanket, then sit back and experience inspirational Civil War music and stories performed by Bobby Horton. Arrive early to meet soldiers and civilians at a Civil War encampment located on the Perkins Mansion grounds. Tour the stately Perkins Stone Mansion and visit the home once occupied by the famous abolitionist John Brown and his family. There will be games and crafts for children as well. Activities take place from 11 a.m. to 2 p.m. and 3 to 5 p.m. For ticket information and time, contact CVNP at 330-657-2909, ext. 100, or visit summithistory.org. ∞ Because of its position between the slaveholding states south of the Ohio River and the Canadian border on the north shore of Lake Erie (where slavery was abolished in Ontario in 1793 and throughout Canada in 1833), Ohio became a funnel for fugitives in their quest for freedom. In addition, the Ohio & Erie Canal and the Pennsylvania and Ohio canals and their rights-of-way often provided a pathway to assist fugitive slaves moving across the area. When locomotives began providing rail service to Ohio’s northeast sector in the early 1850s, the Underground Railroad, at times, utilized this new mode of transportation. After the passage of the Fugitive Recovery Act of 1850, protest rallies took place across Northeast Ohio. There were a considerable number of staunch abolitionist communities in the Western Reserve area, and Portage County, in particular, had more than its share of nonviolent activists. Abolitionist John Brown of Harpers Ferry fame lived in Summit and Portage counties. Many of the Underground Railroad sites in Northeast Ohio are related to him and especially to his father, Owen Brown. In 1841 John Brown moved his family to a small home in Richfield where they lived until moving to Akron in 1844. Richfield also has another Underground Railroad “station” – the T.E. Ellsworth home, now owned by Dr. Charles and Marcie Boester. This federal-style home was built in 1821 and historians believe the addition built in 1861 was designed to hide fleeing slaves within the attic. For decades, Ohio was a beacon of hope and freedom for escaping slaves. The real-life Uncle Tom, Josiah Henson, came through Ohio in his escape to safety in Dresden, Ontario. The Underground Railroad was a combination of righteous behavior and high drama, and many Ohioans fervently and bravely participated in this piece of American history. Hundreds of Underground Railroad “stations” in Ohio have been demolished or abandoned and left to disintegrate into the surrounding landscape, and many sites have become inaccessible, but their importance has not been diminished by the passage of time. Nor has the importance of those Ohioans who aided and abetted the “freedom seekers.” ∞ The Brecksville <strong>Magazine</strong>, July 2011
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