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24Determination of heavy metals in particulate matterSources of particulate matter: industry, burning of wood and fossil fuels, volcanic eruptions, sea spray, desert dust and erosion.When we breathe in, numerous airborne particles enter ourbody; depending on their size, they may become lodgedin the respiratory tract or further on in the gas exchangezone, the pulmonary alveoli.Secondary particulate matter is formed in the atmosphere bychemical reactions involving either waste gases from combustionprocesses or substances with an agricultural origin (SO x, NO x, NH 3,volatile organic compounds).Sources of particulate matterPrimary particulate matter comes from different sources. Someof the air pollution by particulate matter is of anthropogenic originand is caused both by the burning of wood and fossil fuels and byabrasion and swirling. In addition, natural sources such as volcaniceruptions, sea spray, desert dust and erosion also contribute to particulatematter pollution.Application report
25Particle sizesA mixture of particles with a diameter of less than 10 µm isknown as particulate matter or PM 10. These particles are small enoughto pass through the windpipe and into the lungs. Dust particles withdiameters less than 2.5 µm and 1 µm are referred to, respectively, asPM 2.5 and PM 1.FractionPM 10 (thoracic dust)PM 2.5 (respirable dust)PM 1Ultrafine particles (UFP)Size≤ 10 μm≤ 2.5 μm≤ 1 μm≤ 0.1 μm
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