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Box 2.1: Augmenting the Natural Resource Endowment and Building InstitutionsThe Base Line Survey finds that there is a potential and the need to augment naturalresource endowment in both Project and Control Villages. A very small share of thepasturelands and forest area is protected. The large tracts of barren and wastelands can besuitably treated. This would check degradation and generate more resources for thelivestock. More number of surface water bodies can help harnessing rainwater, whichwould also increase the groundwater potential. Institutions that manage the commonresources are weak and need to be strengthened, perhaps with the help of PRIs.The efforts to augment the natural resource endowment would benefit both the APL andBPL households alike, though initially at least the average benefit of the APL may behigher, as they collect more output from these resources. The marginal benefit shall behigher for BPL households (as their total income from other sources is substantiallylower).Encroachment of forests and pasturelands reflects a weak civil society and absence ofcommunity based institutions. The DPIP provides an opportunity to build an environmentin which such institutions can emerge, wherever they are absent.II. Natural Resource EndowmentB. Private PropertyDistribution of landLandlessness in this region is high compared to other districts in the state. In ProjectVillages 24 per cent and in Control Villages 29 per cent of all households are landless.Among BPL households two-fifth in Project Villages and one-half in Control Villages arelandless. Among woman headed households this percentage is significantly higher, 33 and40 per cent respectively. See Table 2.7.Table 2.7: Per cent of landless householdsProject villages Control villagesPer cent of all households 23.9 29.4Per cent of APL households 17.5 25.7Per cent of BPL households 41.6 49.8Per cent of woman headed households 32.9 40.0Source: Village Census (Household Listing)Land distribution is highly skewed in both Project and Control Villages. The lowest twoincome deciles of the households own 8 per cent of the land in Project Villages and 5 percent in the Control Villages. The top two deciles own 57 per cent and 50 per cent of theland, respectively. In Project Villages 62 per cent of the households are marginal andsmall farmers and they own 28 per cent of the land. In Control Villages their shares are 53- 14 -
per cent and 17 per cent respectively. The BPL households own 9 per cent of the total landin Project Villages and 4 per cent in Control Villages. See Table 2.8 for land distribution.Table 2.8: Land distribution among APL and BPL households: Village Census (per cent)All APL BPLLand size Households LandownedHouseholds LandownedHouseholds LandownedProject villagesUpto 1 hectare 31.8 8.7 19.5 5.4 12.3 3.21-2 hectare 30.1 19.4 23.5 15.2 6.5 4.12-4 hectare 26.0 32.9 24.6 31.2 1.4 1.6Above 4 hectare 12.1 39.1 12.0 38.5 0.2 0.5Total 100 100.1 79.6 90.3 20.4 9.4Control villagesUpto 1 hectare 27.1 5.3 20.2 4.0 6.9 1.31-2 hectare 24.8 11.5 21.9 10.2 2.9 1.42-4 hectare 27.0 25.2 26.1 24.5 0.9 0.7Above 4 hectare 21.0 58.0 20.9 57.8 0.1 0.2Total 99.9 100 89.1 96.5 10.8 3.6Source: Village Census (Household Listing)Natural assets owned by sample households: Value, productivity and associatedvulnerabilityIn this section we shall examine the differences in the nature of land and livestock assetsowned by APL and BPL households, differences in cropping pattern, agricultural practicesand crop yields. We shall also examine the extent of food security among samplehouseholds and the vulnerability associated with the drought and normal years.The BLS reveals that the BPL households are more vulnerable than the APL on thefollowing accounts as far as the ownership and use of natural assets is concerned.Land ownershipVulnerability of BPL households is associated with landlessness, small size of holdings,lack of irrigation facilities and poor quality of land. A significantly higher proportion (40per cent in Project Villages and 60 per cent in Control Villages) of BPL householdscompared to APL households is landless. A significantly smaller proportion of BPLhouseholds owns irrigated land (50 per cent APL compared to 9 per cent BPL ownirrigated land in Project Villages). There is a significant difference between the averageland size of APL and BPL households. The unit value of land owned by APL householdsis higher showing that the land owned by the BPL is of inferior quality. See Table 2.9.Table 2.9: Percentage of households owning land, having irrigation facilities, averagevalue of land owned and unit value of land (Rs)Project Villages Control VillagesAPL BPL APL BPLLandless 3.9 39.7 3.3 59.0Owning less than 2 ha. 7.8 39.3 4.2 33.0Owning irrigated land 51.1 9.3 91.7 20.0Average land owned (ha) 6.8 2.1 6.7 1.4Average value of land owned 1488984 307361 4036246 621061per land owning household(Rs)Unit value of land (Rs per ha) 54813 37269 149596 112136- 15 -
Page 1 and 2: BASE LINE SURVEYOFDPIP DISTRICTSFeb
Page 3 and 4: Chapter I: IntroductionPoverty mana
Page 5 and 6: as well as economic infrastructure
Page 7 and 8: Special care was taken to include w
Page 9 and 10: Physical infrastructure and service
Page 11 and 12: Unprotected pastureland areasTree d
Page 13: Table 2.5: Surface water bodies and
Page 17 and 18: Crop yields and vulnerabilityThe vu
Page 19 and 20: Box 2.2: Land distribution and vuln
Page 21 and 22: School infrastructureAll villages h
Page 23 and 24: III. Financial infrastructureWhile
Page 25 and 26: Table 2.25: Basic demographic chara
Page 27 and 28: doctorNot available or too far 57.4
Page 29 and 30: onded to the landlord. The hali if
Page 31 and 32: Table 2.35: Ratio of women to men (
Page 33 and 34: Table 2.39: Kinship Network Index (
Page 35 and 36: Box 2.6: Social Capital and Gender
Page 37 and 38: Characteristics of casual wage labo
Page 39 and 40: 90Figure 1: Differential wage rates
Page 41 and 42: simple ownership index created by a

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