Environmental Declaration 2011 - Sappi

Glossary
Anaerobic wastewater treatment
Description of chemical reaction modes
occurring in conditions excluding oxygen.
Biodiversity
Diversity of life forms on earth (genetic variety,
species variety, variety of eco­systems).
BOD (Biological oxygen demand)
A measurement for the oxygen quantity required
for the degradation of organic substances in a
body of water.
Calcium carbonate
Name for lime or lime stone. Important product
as filler in paper production, or as pigment in
coating colour.
COD (Chemical oxygen demand)
A measurement for the oxygen quantity required
for the complete chemical dissolution (oxidation)
of organic substances in wastewater.
EMAS
Abbreviation for “Eco­Management and Audit
Scheme” – European environmental management
and plant audit system.
Emissions
Solid, liquid or gaseous substance or form of heat,
noise or vibration that escapes from a plant into the
environment (e.g. contaminant emission, heat emis­
sion, noise emission, electromagnetic emission).
FSC (Forest Stewardship Council)
Independent international head organisation
founded in 1993 and whose members represent
a variety of interest groups such as forest
owners, the wood industry, nature protection
organisations, trade unions, local citizen groups
and certification enterprises.
Wood-free papers
Papers and cardboards manufactured exclusively
from cellulose. The description “wood­free”
actually means “lignin­free”.
Immission
Air pollution, noise, vibration, light, heat, radiation,
and similar environmental effects on humans,
animals, plants or objects.
ISO
Abbreviation for “International Standard Organisation”,
a worldwide applicable normative system
26 Environmental Declaration 2011
for quality and environmental management.
ISO 9000 governs quality management, while
ISO 14001 regulates the organisation and inspection
of environmental management in a company.
Lignin/Lignin sulphonate
Lignins are among the most frequently occurring
natural substances. The thin lye generated by
the acid magnesium bisulphite procedure during
pulping is vaporised to a solid matter content of
~ 60 %. The natural, organic, easily water­soluble
magnesium lignin sulphonate is a brown colour
and is used as a binding and pelleting auxiliary
agent, dispersing agent and compensation
material in the concrete industry.
Sustainability
Fundamental law of forestry, according to which
only as much wood is cut as can re­grow
afterwards.
Natural paper
General name for papers that are wood­free
or contain wood which, as opposed to coated
papers, are not processed through coat
application. They can also be called uncoated
papers.
PEFC
Abbreviation for “Programme for the Endorsement
of Forest Certification Schemes”. This certification
system for sustainable forestry aids documentation
and improvement with regard to economic,
ecological, and social standards.
FGD (Flue gas desulphurisation plant)
Plant for removing sulphur compounds
(SO 2 and SO 3) from flue gases of power plants.
The sulphur compounds are produced in the
combustion of fossil fuels containing sulphur.
TCF (Totally Chlorine Free)
The bleaching process for pulp in which no
chemicals containing chlorine are used
Pulp
Fibre substance gained through chemical
digestion from vegetable fibrous raw materials
and containing pulp as main component, in
addition to other substances such as hemi­
cellulose, residual lignin, and organic matter.