Sight and Life Magazine 1/2011

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54 IRON FORTIFICATION – NEW REVELATIONS?31. Singhal A, Macfarlane G, Macfarlane S et al. Dietary nucleotides andfecal microbiota in formula-fed infants: a randomized controlledtrial. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87:1785-1792.32. Bullen J, Griffiths E, Rogers H et al. Sepsis: the critical role of iron.Microbes Infect 2000;2:409-415.33. Gisbert JP, McNicholl AG, Gomollon F. Questions and answers onthe role of fecal lactoferrin as a biological marker in inflammatorybowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2009;15:1746-1754.34. Weinberg ED. The hazards of iron loading. Metallomics2010;2:732-740.35. Weinberg GA, Boelaert JR, Weinberg ED. Iron and HIV infection. In:Friis H, editor. Micronutrients and HIV infection. 2002. 135-157.36. Murray MJ, Murray NJ, Murray AB et al. Refeeding malaria and hyperferremia.Lancet 1977;i:653.37. Murray MJ, Murray A, Murray CJ. The salutary effect of milk on amoebiasisand its reversal by iron. B M J 1980;2:1151-1152.38. Korn T, Bettelli E, Oukka M et al. IL-17 and Th17 Cells. Ann RevImmunol 2009; 27:485-517.39. Loftus EV Jr. Clinical epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease:Incidence, prevalence, and environmental influences. Gastroenterology.2004 May;126(6):1504-17. Gastroenterol 2004;126:1504-1517.40. Borriello SP, Barclay FE. Protection of hamsters against Clostridiumdifficile ileocaecitis by prior colonisation with non-pathogenicstrains. J Med Microbiol 1985; 19:339-350.41. Troesch B. Optimized micronutrient powder containing low levels ofhighly bioavailable iron and zinc together with EDTA, phytase andascorbic acid improves the nutritional status of children. Sight andLife 2010;3:9–11.42. WHO, FAO, UNICEF et al. Recommendations on Wheat and MaizeFlour Fortification Meeting Report: Interim Consensus Statement.WHO/NMH/NHD/MNM/09.1. 2009. Geneva, WHO (http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/micronutrients/wheat_maize_fort.pdf,accessed February 2011).Erratum: OptimizedMicronutrient PowderIn the article Optimized MicronutrientPowder in Sight and Life Magazine3/2010, the figures in Table 2 wereincorrect. The table to the right has thecorrect figures. We apologize for anyconfusion this error may have caused.table 2: Composition of the micronutrient powder usedin the intervention studyNutrient Pro serving Pro kg premixVitamin A (RAE) 400 μg 80 mgVitamin D 5 μg 1 mgVitamin E (TE) 5 mg 1 gThiamine 0.5 mg 100 mgRiboflavin 0.5 mg 100 mgPyridoxine 0.5 mg 100 mgFolic Acid 90 μg 18 mgNiacin 6 mg 1.2 gPantothenic acid 2 mg 400 mgVitamin B12 0.9 μg 180 μgVitamin C 60 mg 12 gIron (as NaFeEDTA) 2.5 mg 500 mgCalcium 200 mg 40 gCopper 0.34 mg 68 mgIodine 30 μg 6 mgSelenium 17 μg 3.4 mgZinc 2.5 mg 500 mgPhytase 190 FTU 38,000 FTUCarrier Ad 5g ad 1000g
SIGHT AND LIFE | VOL. 25 (1) | 2011 OPINION 1 5555Opinion 1: Comments on “Iron Fortification– New Revelations?”Glenn GibsonDepartment of Food and Nutritional Sciences,University of Reading, United KingdomThe decision to withdraw iron supplementation in certain malaria-affectedareas was the subject of David Thurnham’s objectiveassessment of recent science findings. David has outlined someof the thinking behind this decision and input his own evidencebasedviews.As with so many current nutritional concepts, the drift of attentionhas been drawn to the gut microbiota. This is not surprising,given the vast numbers of bacteria that use the human alimentarytract as their home and their concomitant major impactupon metabolism. I especially like David’s conclusion that it isnot enough nowadays to simply measure predominant gut floracomponents without an assessment of the functional or physiologicalimpact. Perhaps some bacteria not present in largenumbers can exert a major impact upon health. In this context,“It is not enoughnowadays to simplymeasure predominantgut flora componentswithout an assessmentof the functional orphysiological impact”I have always been struck by the fact that it is easily accepted,by science and medical communities, that just a few cells of apathogen like E. coli 0157 can exert destructive effects, yet theimpact of a larger number of probiotic microbes gets writtenoff, more often than not. The science of metabonomics recentlyentered the gut microbiology arena and offers a similar “revolution”in our understanding of the impact of gut microbes to thatgenerated by molecular-based assessments of composition inthe last decade. 1On that note, David cites an extensive study which led to thecontentious decisions on iron supplementation. High throughputand accurate PCR-based technologies were used to assessthe gut microbiota in Ivorian populations. 2 These were seen todiffer markedly from European profiles, although parallel studieswere clearly not feasible and differing techniques may havebeen used. That aside, it seemed that the Ivorians harboredhigher levels of enterobacteria and lesser populations of Grampositive bacteria said to be beneficial (bifidobacteria). The ironuse was said to fortify the enterobacteria, and that led to healthissues. It is worth noting that these are facultative, rather thanstrict, anaerobes whose enhanced growth rates are likely ableto allow better scavenging of iron. I was also struck by the detectionof salmonellae and shigellae. These are clear pathogenswhich often only exist in a transient manner. In European trialsthey are hardly ever reported unless in association with a foodsafety outbreak. Perhaps this is the key to the health difficultiesseen, and maybe those few probiotics that boost bifidobacteriaand consequently decrease pathogens are worth trying. 3 Microbiotamodulation through probiotics or prebiotics is popular inEurope, North America and Asia, but it seems to me that theIvorian children studied here could be major benefactors of aharmless intervention.David also gives us an example of how functional microbialassessments are needed rather than just compositional. Theclostridia were seen to exert varying effects upon inflammation⇢
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Page 6 and 7: 6What is abrand ?It would be imposs
Page 8 and 9: 8EDITORIALOur history between two c
Page 10 and 11: 10 SIGHT AND LIFE STATEMENTSight an
Page 12 and 13: 12 SIGHT AND LIFE STATEMENTcolonic
Page 16 and 17: 16THE IMPORTANCE OF VITAMIN AThe Im
Page 18 and 19: 18 THE IMPORTANCE OF VITAMIN Afor t
Page 20 and 21: 20 THE IMPORTANCE OF VITAMIN ARetin
Page 22 and 23: 22 THE IMPORTANCE OF VITAMIN ADespi
Page 24 and 25: 24 THE IMPORTANCE OF VITAMIN Afigur
Page 26 and 27: 26 THE IMPORTANCE OF VITAMIN Afigur
Page 28 and 29: 28 THE IMPORTANCE OF VITAMIN A30. M
Page 30 and 31: 30THE FEASIBILITY OF DELIVERING VIT
Page 32 and 33: 32 THE FEASIBILITY OF DELIVERING VI
Page 38 and 39: 38FROM AGRICULTURE TO HORTICULTURE
Page 40 and 41: 40 FROM AGRICULTURE TO HORTICULTURE
Page 42 and 43: 42 FROM AGRICULTURE TO HORTICULTURE
Page 44 and 45: 44IRON FORTIFICATION - NEW REVELATI
Page 46 and 47: 46 IRON FORTIFICATION - NEW REVELAT
Page 56 and 57: 56 OPINION 1 / 2depending upon spec
Page 58 and 59: 58A DAY IN THE LIFE OF JOHANN C JER
Page 60 and 61: 60 A DAY IN THE LIFE OF JOHANN C JE
Page 62 and 63: 62ewsFourth AfricaNutritional Epide
Page 64 and 65: 64 THE FIRST GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON B
Page 66 and 67: 66 THE FIRST GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON B
Page 68 and 69: 68 NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN CAROTENOIDS
Page 70 and 71: 70 NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN CAROTENOIDS
Page 72 and 73: 72Reportfrom GogounouBlessings at t
Page 74 and 75: 74 REPORT FROM KATHMANDUReportfrom
Page 76 and 77: 76 REPORT FROM KATHMANDUPregnant wo
Page 78 and 79: 78 REPORT FROM RATANAKKIRIReport fr
Page 80 and 81: 80nd Life Special Research Grant 20
Page 82 and 83: 82 WHAT'S NEWEach Task Force is fin
Page 84 and 85: 84 WHAT'S NEWgroups; distribution c
Page 86 and 87: 86 WHAT'S NEWFood and nutrition sec
Page 88 and 89: 88 WHAT'S NEWricesYet Again …09Ri
Page 90 and 91: 90 WHAT'S NEWA2Z: The USAID Micronu
Page 92 and 93: 92 WHAT'S NEW4ne Collaboration Join
Page 94 and 95: 94WHAT'S NEW17Atmala’s Medal of S
Page 96 and 97: 96Comments on the Comparison of the
Page 98 and 99: 98Editor’s note: Sight and Life r
Page 100 and 101: 100 PUBLICATIONSOmega-3Fatty Acids
Page 102 and 103: Sharingknowledgefor improvednutriti
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Buildingbridgesfor betternutrition.
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Sight and Life Magazine 1/2011

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