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• Reviewing and revising policy, legislation, utilization and any other activities and institutionsthat may need to be updated.• Restructuring of the executive agency.• Introducing a structured training programme to meet the needs of both the executive agencyand personnel from the private sector, refurbishing the Mushandike staff training college,• Support to CAMPFIRE/CBNRM and the private commercial wildlife sector• Rehabilitation of the protected areas and support to the field force including equipment,transport, communication etc. in order to make the law enforcement force and the parkmanagers effective in the field again.8. Donor AssistanceRehabilitating the wildlife sector in Zimbabwe and assisting it to better serve the nation in general anddisadvantaged rural people in particular is a major challenge. It is an aspect of national development in whichpoor parts of Zimbabwe globally have an inherent comparative economic advantage. Growth in thispromising sector has been halted and reversed in recent years by destructive political elements with adetermination to cling to power at all costs. While considerable damage has been done it can be repairedand growth restarted in a viable and ethical wildlife industry relatively quickly, but this will need considerableoutside assistance in the form of both funding and expertise.Donors traditionally tend to focus on state/communal/NGO sectors and to avoid the private sector. But theprivate sector has borne the brunt of the damage in the past few years and is going to need help to play itsrole in reconstruction.It is a venture with a high chance of success in environmental conservation, national and local incomegeneration, and the alleviation of poverty in geographically disadvantaged areas. It is the sort of situation inwhich donor assistance is likely to be cost effective in a high profile demonstration of measures to advancethe welfare of poor people while also conserving the biosphere and the biodiversity on which futureprosperity on a broad geographical front is likely to depend. It is a matter of helping to restore, upgrade andimplement a home grown institutional framework that has already been successfully but needs help to takeoff afresh. The former wildlife sector probably earned the equivalent of over US$300 million p.a. andbenefited at least 5% of the total population of Zimbabwe who received cash directly from the industry. It isdoubtful if the surviving remnants of the industry are earning as much as US$100 million. The aim should beto restore the lost US$200 million in earnings and to grow this figure and those benefiting directly fromwildlife.Tourism is one of the sectors of an economy that can most quickly be turned around and thus play animportant role in the reconstruction of the country.It is desirable that interested donors should start now to plan for a wildlife sector support programme andshould not wait until a democratic government is in place. As soon as possible they should committhemselves to a joint co-ordinated effort to achieve the desired objectives and should form themselves into asteering team. It is also desirable that this team should plan and agree its strategy for action early enough tobe in a position to take immediate action as soon as possible. This is necessary for ensuring that thetransitional period of damaging confusion between governments is minimised. To this end the donors shouldalso identify a pool of key technical assistance personnel who can be fully briefed in confidence andmobilised for deployment in Zimbabwe as soon as possible after the formation of a new government. Giventhe high level of indigenous experience which once existed in the country, it is more important to revive thisand bring it back into the sector instead of employing expatriate staff from abroad.AbbreviationsCAMPFIRE – Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous ResourcesCBNRM – Community Based Natural Resources ManagementCEO – Chief Executive OfficerDNP – Department of National Parks and Wildlife ManagementNPA - National Park and Wildlife Management AuthorityIUCN – World Conservation Union82
The authorsDr. Graham Child was the Director of the Department of National Parks and Wildlife Management inZimbabwe from 1971 to1986 . He has been an independent wildlife consultant since retirement and has awide experience international experience in all aspects of wildlife and protected area managementDr. Rolf D. Baldus has worked for 13 years in wildlife management, CBNRM and the rehabilitation ofdegraded protected areas in Eastern Africa. In Zimbabwe he was responsible for planning a donor fundedwildlife project in the early nineties (www.wildlife-baldus.com)“People and Wildlife” e.V. is a registered NGO and charity in Germany. Its objective is to foster communitybased wildlife conservation in Africa.DisclaimerThe paper reflects the personal opinion of the authors only and not necessarily the views of institutions theywork for. We thank a number of persons who have received and commented on earlier drafts, withoutbearing any responsibility for the content.Kenya: The Example Not to FollowBy Ian ParkerFor multiple reasons, over the past 110 years or so, Kenya has had more influence on internationalconservation policy than any other African country. Among them are openness of terrain, visibility ofabundant animals, temperate climate, the British aristocracy, Hollywood and Hemingway. At least until 1910the sale of ivory and income from sport hunters accounted for more than half the country's income andKenya was probably the world's first country where sustained wildlife-based tourism played a reallysignificant part in its economy.Recreational hunting was the principal form of tourism from 1890 until the early 1960s, after which“motorized game viewing x package tourism” displaced it. In the 1970s the Kenya Game Department and itssuccessor - the Wildlife Conservation & Management Department (WCMD) - became so corrupted that in1977 all hunting was banned. Few realize that the cause of the ban was not recreational hunting, but huntingin all its forms, including problem animal control and commercial cropping through which the Department rana massive trade. Be that as it may, the industry that set up Africa's wildlife based tourism and had beensustained for over seven decades was closed down. From that point on, Kenya became an example of whatnot to do.While the primary reasons for stopping hunting were administrative and political, they were understandablywelcomed by the anti-hunting fraternity. Kenya was the world's first country to totally ban hunting (except forgame birds) and as such is the jewel in the anti-use crown. The hunting ban was initially intended to betemporary - a point Government repeatedly stated and of which evidence exists in both files and mediaarchives. The anti-hunting parties made the translation of temporary to permanent a major priority.The solution to corruption in WCMD was to have sacked all who were corrupt. Stopping hunting wentnowhere near the root of the problem. Corruption fostered incompetence and inefficiency which, in turn,ensured WCMD (1975 to 1989) and its successor, the Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS, 1989 to present) wouldbe perennially bankrupt and 'influenceable' by anyone prepared to spend money on it. And this is what theanimal rightists have done. It suited them to have a corrupt, centralized and autocratic body responsible forwildlife because it was simple to control.With its dependence on 'help', KWS seems to think it must dance to tunes played by the animal rightspipers. This has effectively blocked investment in sustainable use of wild animals - other than for viewingover which KWS can exercise no control. Such sustainable use as was briefly allowed, understandably,involved little investment. No one wanted to put money into developing a resource whose use was controlledby KWS. More seriously, reluctance to countenance hunting has aggravated human/wild animal conflict thatcosts the country a huge amount annually. Many Members of Parliament from wildlife districts doubt the83
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Dedicated to the People and the Wil
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Hunting in South Africa: Facts - Ri
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Warthog $600 $80 $299 $300 $114 n/a
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a) Trophy fees for overseas hunters
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Bailey (1993) 16 estimates leopard
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and adequate training programs with
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Clearly, 30.5 million Rand addition
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• Use of appropriate hunting prot
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for the triple bottom line approach
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Apart from existing and proposed na
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a result of these concerted actions
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countries to cooperate across borde
Page 30 and 31: years there have been three differe
Page 32 and 33: The interference does not only affe
Page 34 and 35: http://www.iucn.org/themes/ssc/susg
Page 36 and 37: Hunting for Conservation in Cameroo
Page 38 and 39: Tourist Hunting: How Tanzania Can B
Page 40 and 41: • The leading role that sport hun
Page 42 and 43: hunters, organizers and entertainer
Page 44 and 45: Although commercial trophy hunting
Page 46 and 47: We note that Packer’s proposal fo
Page 48 and 49: ecruit safari operators with a long
Page 50 and 51: corruption in the province. Once ag
Page 52 and 53: grass so the available browse (bush
Page 54 and 55: wildlife on their own," said Dr. Ko
Page 56 and 57: Tanzania Development Partners Group
Page 58 and 59: quality and age of key species bein
Page 60 and 61: As mentioned earlier, the first ste
Page 62 and 63: The characteristics of hunting tour
Page 64 and 65: from the use of a species can provi
Page 66 and 67: eplaced by holistic triple-bottom-l
Page 68 and 69: What Do You Know About Conservation
Page 70 and 71: conservation based on international
Page 72 and 73: is exceeded game populations have t
Page 74 and 75: Until 1960 wildlife was in serious
Page 76 and 77: The aim must be to halt and root ou
Page 78 and 79: • Incentives are offered as a rew
Page 80: similar instruments. Such capital i
Page 85 and 86: Hunting Benefits BiodiversityRolf B
Page 87 and 88: finds a much larger male. Since he
Page 89 and 90: The “Fortress Mentality” of col
Page 91 and 92: Hunting is a controversial topic, o
Page 93 and 94: are considered to compete for poten
Page 95 and 96: Bwabwata National ParkThe Bwabwata
Page 97 and 98: The visiting hunters will be accomm
Page 99 and 100: Not many members of the South Afric
Page 101 and 102: Symposium, SSC Chair Holly Dublin s
Page 103 and 104: tourist hunting was prepared yet wa
Page 105 and 106: Why SCP?The Tanzanian Government fi
Page 107 and 108: Government Made CBC a Cornerstone o
Page 109 and 110: • Poaching: strong upward trend
Page 111 and 112: ecology from the University of Cali
Page 113 and 114: WWF on “Hunting for Conservation
Page 115 and 116: Moving Ahead (Extracts)Editorial Co
Page 117 and 118: conservation arena, I have undertak
Page 119 and 120: The Influence of Trophy Measurement
Page 121 and 122: A total of 91 samples were collecte
Page 123 and 124: The hunting industry is important n
Page 125 and 126: Photo 4: Buffalo Bull approx. 8 Yrs
Page 127 and 128: Photo 8: Current SCI Number 5 is of
Page 129 and 130: CIC Measuring Method129
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I know about hunting too. As a ward
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guide them in the hunt as best he p
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ewilderment as most of the hunting
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After Steve Smith’s untimely deat
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owe it to ourselves. We owe it to c
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“Use it or loose it” - Consumpt
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safari, or advised booked clients t
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the sector is suffering from sub-op
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It is suggested that such donations
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‣ Key-Excerpts from the speech by
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Southern African countries that eng
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But that however, is only part of t
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