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As mentioned in Chapter 1, improving the quality of the watershedsin the Programme areas was one of the primary objectives of SCDP.Most of the watersheds were degraded because of human activitiesand fragile geology of the hills. Watershed and wetlandencroachment had increased because of the needs of growingpopulation. These problems needed to be addressed responsibly. Thereasons for conservation and the benefits of conservation activitiesthat could accrue had to be explained adequately. Only then couldone expect communities to become interested in the programme.Social mobilisation was the major element facilitating holisticnatural resource management.The objectives of the Programme towards environmentalmanagement were as follows:n To create environmental awareness among the poor for betteruse and management of natural resources.n To establish multi-purpose forest nurseries and plantations andto introduce alternative energy sources such as micro hydroelectricity,biogas, and solar energy.n To support community-based biodiversity conservationinitiatives.
4.1 Restoring Degraded LandDeforestation was a major threat to the integrity of the watersheds in the Programmeareas. Some actions to address the threat were urgently needed. Therefore, manyenvironmental activities focused on reforestation of degraded areas and on reducing thecommunities' dependence on forest products. CBOs used seed grant support to purchaseseedlings and seeds which were used to replant degraded areas such as riverbanks andsteep slopes.Greening the Terai:Phulbari communityplantation site in KailaliSCDP, District Forest Office and Soil and Water Conservation Office in the Programmedistricts collaborated in preparing forest inventories, training for nursery caretakers,implementing plantation plans, supporting the process of handing over forest managementresponsibilities to communities and soil and watershed conservation throughout the year.35CBOs in all six districts planted seedlings of different species (fruit, fodder, and timber) inmore than 600 hectares of land consisting of community forests, private holdings andbarren communal lands (riverbanks and roadsides). Most of the planted areas have beenprotected by the CBOs. For example, some CBOs in Kailali are providing salaries of watchmenwhom they have hired to protect the seedlings. Table 5 shows the plantation area in hectares,in different districts where the Programme was implemented. Though scientific study hasnot been conducted to determine the survival rate of seedlings planted, it is estimated to bearound 60-70%.Initially community members would havevery little motivation to initiateTable 5: Plantation areasconservation efforts. Community Activists District PlantationareaTotal forestarea in districts% by SCDPSupportneed to be able to convince the CBO members(hectares)(hectares)*that planting degraded areas and Dang 147 197,273 0.07conserving forests is worth the effort andthat in the long run benefits will outrun thecosts. The CA should also be able to convinceHumlaKailaliMyagdi0.52763874,78323,10919,9970.001.190.19Okhaldhunga 32 47,347 0.07the community that some short-termSurkhet 109 177,855 0.06benefits, particularly those derived fromTotal 602.5 540,364 1.58unsustainable use of natural resources, will *Source: Nepal District 2002. National Development InstituteProfileReflections on Nepal Capacity 21 Initiative: Achievements and Lessons Learned (1996-2003)
Page 1 and 2: HMG/NNepalSUSTAINABLECOMMUNITYDEVEL
Page 3 and 4: Hum Gurung/SCDPCover Photo: Durpa V
Page 5 and 6: Chapter FiveEconomic Development ..
Page 7 and 8: Abbreviations and AcronymsviACAP An
Page 9 and 10: ;fd'bflos lbuf] ljsf; sfo{qmdSustai
Page 11 and 12: 1INTRODUCTION
Page 13 and 14: SCDP adopted the approaches of Capa
Page 15 and 16: 2LAUNCHING SCDP
Page 17 and 18: Figure 1: Sustainable Community Dev
Page 19 and 20: The main features of SCDP's operati
Page 21 and 22: compromising the quality. In additi
Page 23 and 24: can penetrate well in the communiti
Page 25 and 26: development. Furthermore, the SDCs
Page 27 and 28: whose tasks were to manage the grou
Page 29 and 30: 3SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Page 31 and 32: 3.1 Building Social CapitalSCDP int
Page 33 and 34: location specific strategies to con
Page 35 and 36: more vocal and their general awaren
Page 37 and 38: sufficiency. Large-scale irrigation
Page 39 and 40: A total of 110 kilometres (Surkhet
Page 41 and 42: front. Almost all the above activit
Page 43: 4ENVIRONMENT ANDNATURAL RESOURCESMA
Page 47 and 48: implemented in all VDCs in Okhaldhu
Page 49 and 50: Dang and Okhaldhunga district co-or
Page 51 and 52: Initiatives on the ground included
Page 53 and 54: installed. In case of solar energy,
Page 55 and 56: 5ECONOMICDEVELOPMENT
Page 57 and 58: Community-based Organisations (CBOs
Page 59 and 60: Guchi mushrooms(Morchella conica):
Page 61 and 62: the largest chunk of the investment
Page 63 and 64: A local woman engaged inweaving woo
Page 65 and 66: or official documents. If systemati
Page 67 and 68: 6POLICIES ANDSTRATEGIES
Page 69 and 70: At the district and national levels
Page 71 and 72: VDCs did not possess the conceptual
Page 73 and 74: The intention was also to pilot imp
Page 75 and 76: Ex. DDC member fromMugu district sh
Page 77 and 78: who is literate. It was published i
Page 79 and 80: 7LESSONS LEARNEDAND CONCLUSIONS
Page 81 and 82: 7.1 Institutionalisation of CBOsAt
Page 83 and 84: 7.2 Coordination with other UNDP-su
Page 85 and 86: would have been in a position to in
Page 87 and 88: Development projects need adaptive
Page 89 and 90: would provide positive externalitie
Page 91 and 92: ANNEXES
Page 93 and 94: Annex II: Training on Environment a
Page 95 and 96:
Annex V: Training and Capacity buil
Page 97 and 98:
Digo Bikashko Lagi Sthaniya kshamat
Page 99 and 100:
ANNEX VII: Programme Implementation
Page 101:
HMG/N NepalSUSTAINABLECOMMUNITYDEVE
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