the life cycle performance of sustainable renovation concepts

LCC tools are used to determine the total costs of an object over its total lifetime(Ravemark, 2003). Is his report „State of the art study of LCA and LCC tools‟, Ravemarkdescribes LCC to be particularly suited to the evaluation of design alternatives thatsatisfy a required performance level, but that may have different investments, operating,maintenance, or repair costs; and possibly different life spans. Ravemark also states thatan LCC calculation is particularly relevant when high initial costs are traded for reducedfuture cost obligations. According to Ravemark, a life cycle cost analysis is an economicanalysis technique that allows comparisons on investment alternatives having differentcost streams.In this report Ravemark (2003) also describes that due to the fact that the life cyclecosts of an object are very problem dependent, there are no general LCC tools that existand are applicable to various objects or problems.3.7 CONCLUSION - CONCEPT MODELAs stated before, paragraphs 3.4, 3.5, and 3.6 provide information that results in theidentification of factors of influence on the performance of sustainable renovationconcepts. Figure 23 shows the research components that are described in the previousthree paragraphs. The elaborated components are elements 1 and 2 in figure 23.1. Literature study2. Evaluation existing tools3. Interviews4. Model testingModeldevelopmentFIGURE 23 - RESEARCH COMPONENTS ELABOR ATED IN PARAGRAPHS 3.4, 3.5 & 3.6ModelapplicationBased on the elaborated research components in this chapter, a first concept of theperformance evaluation model is developed. Figure 24 provides a schematic overview ofthis concept model. Chapter 4 presents the identified factors of research components 3 &4 (see figure 25, page 45).Life CyclePerformanceLife CycleCostsLife CycleEnvironmentalImpactQualityEnergyPerformanceCoefficientMainfactorsExternal factorsFinancial factorsAssemblyLife cycleHealthUser quality1 st levelsubfactorsDisposalFuture valueDevelopmentenergy priceDiscount rateMaterialsProcessing &manufacturingTransport2 nd levelsubfactorsInitial investmentEnergy useOperating costsMaintenance costsReplacement ofelementsDisposal costsFIGURE 24 – CONCEPT MODEL BASED ON RESEARCH COMPONENTS 1 & 244