The Ecology of Tidal Freshwater Marshes of the - USGS National ...
The Ecology of Tidal Freshwater Marshes of the - USGS National ...
The Ecology of Tidal Freshwater Marshes of the - USGS National ...
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Page.......6.1 Species Composition ................................... 666.2 Latitudinal Distribution .............................. 676.3 Daily and Seasonal Variability ........................ 676.4 Ecological Relationships .............................. 68CHAPTER 6 COMMUNITY COMPONENTS: AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES 66CHAPTER 7 . COMMUNITY COMPONENTS: BIRDS ........................ 71Introduction ..........................................Fl oating and Di ving Waterbi rds ........................Wading Birds ..........................................Rails and Shorebirds ..................................Birds <strong>of</strong> Prey .........................................Gulls. Terns. Kingfishes. and Crows ...................Arboreal Birds ........................................Ground and Shrub Birds ................................Energy Flow and Avian Community Dynamics ..............CHAPTER 8 . COMMUNITY COMPONENTS: MAMMALS ...................... 818.1 Species Occurrence .................................... 818.2 Roles in Marsh <strong>Ecology</strong> ................................ 818.3 Economic Value ........................................ 85CHAPTER 9 . VALUES. ALTERATIONS. AND MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ....... 869.1 Value to Man .......................................... 869.2 Connections with Adjacent Ecosystems .................. 889.3 Alterations by Man .................................... 889.4 Potential for Sewage Assimilation ..................... 899.5 Best Management Practices .............................. 90CHAPTER 10 . COMPARISON OF TIDAL FRESHWATER MARSHES ANDSALT MARSHES ....................................... 9110.1 A General Comparison ................... ., .......... 9110.2 Physical Cornpari sons .................................. 9110.3 Biological Comparisons ................................ 9110.4 Comparison with Nontidal <strong>Freshwater</strong> <strong>Marshes</strong> ........... 95REFERENCES ....................................................... 96APPENDIX A: PLANTS OF THE TIDAL FRESHWATER MARSH ................ 114APPENDIX B: FISH OF THE TIDAL FRESHWATER MARSH .................. 120APP.ENDIX C: AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF THE TIDALFRESHWATER MARSH .................................a*. 142APPENDIX D: BIRDS OF THE TIDAL FRESHWATER MARSH ................. 149APPENDIX E: FIAMMALS OF THE TIDAL FRESHWATER MARSH 174...............
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