The Ecology of Tidal Freshwater Marshes of the - USGS National ...

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TABLESNumber12345678910111213141516171819202 la2 1bPageAcreages of tidal freshwater marshes on the east coast ... 3Concentrations of chemicals in marsh soils andinterstitial water ....................................... 10Water qua1 i ty parameters ................................. 11Cominon tidal freshwater marsh plants ..................... 15Species composition of marshes along the Patuxent River .. 29Sal ini ty to1 erances of submerged aqua tics ................ 34Peak standing crop and annual production estimates ....... 38Twogroupsof plantsbased on rates of decomposition ..... 42Typical tidal freshwater zoopl ankton ..................... 43Representative benthic macrofauna from tidal freshwater .. 52Characteristics of anadromous and semianadromous fishes .. 57Patterns of use of tidal freshwater habitat by fishes .... 60Numerically dominantfishes in tidal freshwaters ......... 61Fishes reported to spawn in tidal freshwater ............. 62Fishes using tidal freshwaters as nurserygrounds ........ 63Popul ation densities and biomass of turtl es andother vertebrates ........................................ 68Efficiency of secondary production ....................... 69Distribution of waterfowl in various regions ofVirginia ................................................. 74Percentage of total species found in tidal freshwaterinupperChesapeakeBay .................................. 74Breadth of diet of waterfowl in tidal freshwater ......... 76Resident mammal s in tidal freshwater marshes ............. 81Mammal s using tidal freshwater marshes on feedingforays ................................................... 81Harvest of furbearers by marsh type ...................... 85Commercial fish harvest from the tidal Potomac River ..... 86Commercial fish harvest from the entire Potomac River .... 86Hypothetical comparison of tidal freshwater and sal tmarshes .................................................. 92vii
Page 2 and 3: LibraryNational Wetlands Restarch C
Page 4 and 5: PREFACEThis report is part of a ser
Page 6 and 7: Page.......6.1 Species Composition
Page 12 and 13: CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION1.1 DEFINITI
Page 14 and 15: Table 1. Conservative estimates of
Page 16 and 17: eaches of coastal rivers such as th
Page 18 and 19: Figure 4a. Tidal freshwater marsh o
Page 20 and 21: intermediate in appearance and have
Page 22: 1.8 HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITYThe
Page 25 and 26: freshwater marshes of these respect
Page 27 and 28: Tab1 e 4.(Continued).G e n e r a l
Page 29 and 30: Table 4,(Concluded).G e n e r a l H
Page 31 and 32: Wild RicePickerelweedArrow-ArumFigu
Page 33 and 34: Giant Cutgrass/ycrass community typ
Page 35 and 36: Cordgrassii Wax-MyrtleI IFigure 12.
Page 37 and 38: an invisible, suspended mat of vege
Page 39 and 40: water movement may (1) impair the a
Page 41 and 42: Table 5.Concluded.SpeciesSalinity r
Page 43 and 44: (Shima et al. 1976; Whigham et al.
Page 45 and 46: Table 6. Salinity tolerances of var
Page 47 and 48: In a year long study of soil algae
Page 49 and 50: Table 7. Peak standing crop and ann
Page 51 and 52: Table 7.ConcludedPeak standing crop
Page 53 and 54: aboveground (sterns) bi omass (R: S
Page 55 and 56: -6.0 -0.55PERCENTNITROGEN(AFDW)5.0
Page 57 and 58: tinue to be exported, but at a slow
Page 59 and 60:
MAFISH VEGETATION TERRESTRIAL CARBO
Page 61 and 62:
CHAPTER 4. COMMUNITY COMPONENTS: IN
Page 63 and 64:
Table 10. Representative benthic ma
Page 65 and 66:
CHAPTER 5. COMMUNITY COMPONENTS: FI
Page 67 and 68:
important forage species for larger
Page 69 and 70:
SpawningResidence timeFish Spawning
Page 71 and 72:
Table 12. Patterns of use of tidal
Page 73 and 74:
Table 14. Fishes reported to spawn
Page 75 and 76:
Appendix B. Wherever possible, publ
Page 77 and 78:
CHAPTER 6, COMMUNFY COMPONENTS: AMP
Page 79 and 80:
until the ainbient temperature reac
Page 82 and 83:
CHAPTER 7. COMMUNITY COMPONENTS: BI
Page 84 and 85:
The seasonal pattern of waterfowl u
Page 86 and 87:
FreshwaterLower Reedville Back Hog
Page 88 and 89:
7.4 RAILS AND SHOREBIRDSFigure 28.
Page 90 and 91:
close to these marshes. This may no
Page 92 and 93:
CHAPTER 8. COMMUNITY COMPONENTS: MA
Page 94 and 95:
Leaves of marsh plants are seldom,
Page 96 and 97:
stood. We do not know if any carniv
Page 98 and 99:
Important sport fishes include stri
Page 100 and 101:
Figure 31. Abandoned ricefields. Ph
Page 102 and 103:
CHAPTER 10. COMPARtSON OFTIDAL FRES
Page 104 and 105:
Table 24.Continued.Characteristics
Page 106 and 107:
10.4 COMPARISON WITH NOWTIDAL FRESG
Page 108 and 109:
seabirds in the St. Lawrence Estuar
Page 110 and 111:
1976. An atlas of Delaware's wetlan
Page 112 and 113:
Fox, B.W. 1982. flabitat utilizatio
Page 114 and 115:
supplemental stocking of striped ba
Page 116 and 117:
R.J. Diaz, E.J. Clairain, and L.J.
Page 118 and 119:
plain. Pages 175-212 in M.L. Wass,
Page 120 and 121:
Schneider, 8. 1978. Equal ization o
Page 122 and 123:
Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1977. An inventory
Page 124 and 125:
Whi ttaker, R.H. 1980. Communi ties
Page 126 and 127:
Gramineae continued:-arostF;r canad
Page 128 and 129:
Cera tophyllaceaeCerato~hvll~ demer
Page 130 and 131:
Composi taeVernoni a noveboracensis
Page 132 and 133:
APPENDIX B.Fishes of tidal freshwat
Page 134 and 135:
NameGeographicrangeSalinityrangePPt
Page 136:
NameCyprinidae -minnows, carpsClpri
Page 139 and 140:
NameGeographicrangeSalinityrangePPt
Page 141 and 142:
GeographicrangeSalinityrangePPtRela
Page 143 and 144:
Name GeographicrangeSalinity Relati
Page 146 and 147:
edear sunfishLeDomisDunctatusspotte
Page 148 and 149:
I),Haemulidae -gruntsNameQrthoDrisr
Page 150 and 151:
NameBothidae -lefteye floundersGeog
Page 152 and 153:
THE VERTEBRATE FAUNA (except fish)
Page 154 and 155:
Family / Species Region Food habits
Page 156:
-LFamily / Species Region StatusGre
Page 159 and 160:
Family / SpeciEastern ribbon snake{
Page 161:
Region Season Status Habitats Food
Page 164 and 165:
WADINGBIRDSFamily / Species Region
Page 166 and 167:
RAILS AND SHOREBIRDSFamily / Specie
Page 168 and 169:
Family / Species Region Season Stat
Page 170 and 171:
Page 172 and 173:
Family / SpeciesRegionSeasonStatusH
Page 174 and 175:
Family / Species Region SeasonHairy
Page 176 and 177:
I.Family / Species Region Season St
Page 178 and 179:
Family / SpeciesRegionSeasonStatusH
Page 180 and 181:
em G ian *mo >.Id m e-L Z ar*U 34s
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
Family / SpeciesRegionSeason Status
Page 186 and 187:
Family / Species Region Status Food
Page 188 and 189:
Family / Species Region Status Food
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