GPS for Dummies.pdf - Engineering Surveyor

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12 Part I: All About Digital Maps Making mapsCartography is the art and science of makingmaps. Until the 1960s, maps were made the timehonored,traditional way:1. Draw an original map by hand, based on landsurvey measurements and other information.2. Print as many copies as you need.That changed with the advent of computers,satellite imagery, and Global Positioning System(GPS), which made making maps much easier.Most paper maps now are generated or producedon a computer.Read on to discover the many types of digital maps.Static mapA static map is the simplest form of digital map. Often it’s a paper map that’sbeen scanned and turned into a BMP (bitmap) or JPG (graphic) file. Asidefrom displaying it, printing it, and perhaps making a few edits, what you cando with the map is limited.Static maps used to be the only type; often, a static map is all you need.Smart mapSmart digital maps (as shown in Figure 1-1) may look like static maps, butdata is associated with map locations. The data can be as basic as the latitudeand longitude of a point, or as detailed about vegetation, soil type, andslope.Spatial or geospatial data is associated with a place. The place can besmaller than a meter or as large as a country. Spatial data can be storedtwo ways: Embedded in a map graphic file Separate files with references to the locationsTIFF (Tagged Image File Format) is a popular format for storing graphics files.The GeoTIFF extension embeds geographic tags into map images. If you viewa GeoTIFF file with a standard graphics program, it looks like an ordinary map.A program that uses the data tags can access the spatial data associated witheach pixel in the image.
Chapter 1: Getting Started with Digital Maps13888888248832183983151638283068212735172334212333114109Figure 1-1:A smartmap hasassociateddata.Mapping ProgramsAlthough many different kinds of mapping programs are available, you canclassify map programs in two types: consumer programs and GeographicInformation System (GIS) software. Here is a quick look at each type.Consumer programsA consumer mapping program is software that displays street maps, topographicmaps, marine charts, or aeronautical charts. Such mapping programs
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Page 6 and 7: GPS For Dummies ®Published byWiley
Page 9 and 10: Author’s AcknowledgmentsFirst off
Page 11: Contents at a GlanceIntroduction ..
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In this part . . .You get practical
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146Part III: Digital Mapping on You
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In this part . . .All Dummies books
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LAP PACE352Part V: The Part of Tens
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A number of personal GPS products a
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360GPS For DummiesCOM port, 157-159
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362GPS For DummiesDescartes, René
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364GPS For Dummies• G •Galileo
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378GPS For Dummies• T •Tagged I
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380GPS For Dummiestrack (continued)
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382GPS Navigation For Dummiesweathe
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A world of resources to help you gr
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Helping you expand your horizons an
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We take the mystery out of complica
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