Levy_S-Hackers-Heroes-Computer-Revolution

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would give the user ultimate leave to get his hands on the world.TX-0Filled a small room, but in the late fifties this $3 million machine wasworld's first personal computer for the community of MIT hackers thatformed around it.Jim WarrenPortly purveyor of "techno-gossip" at Homebrew, he was first editor ofhippie-styled Dr. Dobbs Journal, later started the lucrative Computer Faire.Randy WiggintonFifteen-year-old member of Steve Wozniak's kiddie corps, he helped Woztrundle the Apple II to Homebrew. Still in high school when he becameApple's first software employee.Ken WilliamsArrogant and brilliant young programmer who saw the writing on the CRTand started Sierra On-Line to make a killing and improve society by sellinggames for the Apple computer.Roberta WilliamsKen Williams' timid wife who rediscovered her own creativity by writing"Mystery House," the first of her many bestselling computer games.Stephen "Woz" WozniakOpenhearted, technologically daring hardware hacker from San Josesuburbs, Woz built the Apple Computer for the pleasure of himself andfriends.
Part OneTrue HackersCambridge:The Fifties and Sixties1The Tech Model Railroad ClubJUST why Peter Samson was wandering around in Building 26 in the middle of thenight is a matter that he would find difficult to explain. Some things are not spoken.If you were like the people whom Peter Samson was coming to know and befriendin this, his freshman year at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the winterof 1958-59, no explanation would be required. Wandering around the labyrinth oflaboratories and storerooms, searching for the secrets of telephone switching inmachine rooms, tracing paths of wires or relays in subterranean steam tunnels ... forsome, it was common behavior, and there was no need to justify the impulse, whenconfronted with a closed door with an unbearably intriguing noise behind it, toopen the door uninvited. And then, if there was no one to physically bar access towhatever was making that intriguing noise, to touch the machine, start flickingswitches and noting responses, and eventually to loosen a screw, unhook atemplate, jiggle some diodes and tweak a few connections. Peter Samson and hisfriends had grown up with a specific relationship to the world, wherein things hadmeaning only if you found out how they worked. And how would you go aboutthat if not by getting your hands on them?
Page 1 and 2: HACKERSHeroes of the Computer Revol
Page 3 and 4: Contents●●●●●●●●●
Page 5 and 6: hero.Hackers like Richard Greenblat
Page 7 and 8: Steve DompierHomebrew member who fi
Page 9 and 10: "Uncle" John McCarthyAbsent-minded
Page 11: Dan SokolLong-haired prankster who
Page 15 and 16: these machines to punch holes in th
Page 17 and 18: The clubroom was dominated by the h
Page 20 and 21: That spring of 1959, a new course w
Page 22 and 23: of course, was what those Signals a
Page 24 and 25: officious priests. The technician i
Page 26 and 27: Deutsch's comments would turn out t
Page 28 and 29: At that time, only a few people in
Page 30 and 31: Carroll's poem with the line "The t
Page 32 and 33: 2The Hacker EthicSOMETHING new was
Page 34 and 35: that easy flow of information.Mistr
Page 36 and 37: instruction which contained the num
Page 38 and 39: focus, made their lives adventurous
Page 40 and 41: occupying valuable space within the
Page 42 and 43: 3SpacewarIN the summer of 1961, Ala
Page 44 and 45: was a brand-new firm called Digital
Page 46 and 47: Dennis had written the original of
Page 48 and 49: The TMRC hackers were not the only
Page 50 and 51: exerted on others were totally outl
Page 52 and 53: All of this was actually a signific
Page 54 and 55: that often formed in the aftermath
Page 56 and 57: heavy star would be in the center,
Page 58 and 59: F. J. Corbate, who would seek some
Page 60 and 61: changed irrevocably the day in 1954
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doing. Then you can see your offspr
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709, or working routines with a new
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hacking them, he would. He would si
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They went back loaded with Chinese
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Though some hackers led somewhat ac
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Despite these odd personal traits,
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impossible was a useful LISP on a P
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opponent could get out of this was
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Dance, phone lines, dance!And the s
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oxes" hardware devices to make ille
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showed up on the ninth floor to wor
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Gosper's forte, and he did some ear
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the companionship of fellow hackers
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master key was a magic sword to wav
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sanctified objects, things you nurt
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6Winners and LosersBY 1966, when Da
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instead of sailing past the end of
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like a pair of antlers. It looked,
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made the same stupid mistake. Only
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"Well, it has them, it's just that
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their PDP-6, and you had one loser
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on a data disk accessible by the co
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system, Greenblatt and the rest exe
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create useful concepts and tools to
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7LIFETHEY would later call it a Gol
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seriously. These were the days of t
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Sometimes the hacker failure to be
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later: "It was sort of necessary fo
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explored in the Adventure world wer
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and weird patterns established in t
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etter program. Greenblatt howled in
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The world.As much as the hackers tr
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mainframe machine in the basement o
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He loved the idea of electronics. H
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But the war was just beginning. For
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month he rented a room. It was belo
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expose people, especially kids, to
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Harbor, about thirty miles south of
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liberal arts colleges. Nelson was a
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I like to think(it has to be!)of a
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9Every Man a GodJ.N June 1974, Lee
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microprocessor.Lee Felsenstein, in
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if he wanted to get involved in bui
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elieve it an acronym for "Man In Th
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kinds of gratification that a human
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would come out of these systems was
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company to help out in the crunch,
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dreaming of things to put in it to
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things done.Bob Albrecht did not li
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Fred Moore had set up a table in th
Page 162 and 163:
charted the musical scale and writt
Page 164 and 165:
Bob Marsh understood that this was
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Homebrew reviewers would examine ca
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could run some real programs on the
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Moore explicitly identified the pur
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SLAC, he talked of video displays,
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of the concept at work. One person'
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themselves to the hacker pursuit of
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after the meeting, Solomon was tell
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eaders), you would have a way to wr
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held at Albuquerque a year after th
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you steal your software. Hardware m
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fun," he later explained. Knowing s
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But by then the possibility of maki
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The computer is more interesting th
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The convivial approach I suggest wo
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amok. Marsh would often interrupt L
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profile, its typewriter-style built
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to get on various time-sharing comp
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oards); a 30-chip TV display. Skill
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He turned to computer programming,
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that use one less chip than the las
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Years later, the people attending t
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favorable to the prices HP was payi
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computers. Now that hackers like Wo
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"Silicon Gulch," as he called it. O
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So the Apple people were prepared t
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proper stream and go with it until
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13SecretsTED Nelson's speech was no
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The former "Captain Crunch" was in
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consuming passion was the resurrect
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energies were divided between that,
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Osbome while he and the others were
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Part ThreeGame HackersThe Sierras:T
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faded blue T-shirt. He had driven u
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A more important relationship to Ke
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Ken had gotten a taste of this more
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nonetheless ... and then extemporan
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For most of her life Roberta Willia
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was hard to control the writing mec
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Ken and Roberta bought the first co
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porno books.An excursion to the loc
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player's little tank. Jewell sugges
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Margot and Al, in her words, "becam
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of its founders. You almost had to
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16The Third GenerationTHERE were st
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where you try to get a guy to the t
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screen; "user definable characters"
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dozens of new software companies th
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Ken had. already been marketing a P
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home and reprogrammed the graphics.
Page 264 and 265:
If Ken Williams released a game tha
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law was in a case in which some pri
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virtual copy of Pac-Man!But the jud
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employees. People played a continuo
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peppermint schnapps which was On-Li
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a sort of rehabilitation project on
Page 276 and 277:
At that time Warren was working at
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opportunity and he should take it.
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Ken Williams took the concerns of h
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was really easy to talk to. We talk
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Line community.Ken was hugely proud
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easily as John Harris had lent his
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The instant that John Harris ended
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and patterned after Billboard's rec
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This was quite a step from the earl
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tweaking a marketing plan here, deb
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A week before Dick arrived, Ken was
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whole company to come to the site o
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Line hackers gathered at places lik
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Guinness Book of World Records cham
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magazine show. NBC shot the requisi
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subsidized by some institution. The
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While still in high school, he land
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Ken basically wanted a fairly relia
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Apple bestseller. But when Lord Bri
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estseller. After flying the young a
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important Applefests. For one thing
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This message managed to find its wa
Page 320 and 321:
They noticed right away because Fro
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that the action was switching to tr
Page 324 and 325:
20Wizard vs. WizardsIN December of
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things look good on television. Tat
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now I just spend my time skiing the
Page 330 and 331:
The author of the twelfth bestselli
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even the furniture, upside down wer
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things to Ken about On-Line that he
Page 336 and 337:
The company's energy became focused
Page 338 and 339:
The techniques, algorithms, and cro
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e more precarious than it had first
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hacker paradise, the Tech Square mo
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around the country all because the
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could easily handle the considerabl
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minimum.Noftsker considered this un
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in with the bad guys here. But I'm
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with concern when he spoke of Stall
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Generation hacker. With many more g
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Afterword: Ten Years After"I think
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to avoid attending future Hacker Co
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(though not gender specific) called
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Joseph We-izenbaum, Randy Wigginton
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* Gosper's memo is part of "Hakmem,
Page 366 and 367:
Delta, 1979).* "The winning isn't a
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