Levy_S-Hackers-Heroes-Computer-Revolution

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conscience. For information address Doubleday, New York,New York.The trademark Delta® is registered in the U.S. Patent andTrademark Office.ISBN: 0-385-31210-5Manufactured in the United States of America Publishedsimultaneously in CanadaFebruary 199410 987654321 RRH
Contents●●●●●●●●●PrefaceWho's WhoPart One: True Hackers1. The Tech Model Railroad Club2. The Hacker Ethic3. Spacewar4. Greenblatt and Gosper5. The Midnight Computer Wiring Society6. Winners and Losers7. LIFEPart Two: Hardware Hackers8. Revolt in 21009. Every Man a God10. The Homebrew Computer Club11. Tiny BASIC12. Woz13. SecretsPart Three: Game Hackers14. The Wizard and the Princess15. The Brotherhood16. The Third Generation17. Summer Camp18. Frogger19. Applefest20. Wizard vs. WizardsEpilogue: The Last of the True HackersAfterwordAcknowledgmentsNotes
Page 1: HACKERSHeroes of the Computer Revol
Page 5 and 6: hero.Hackers like Richard Greenblat
Page 7 and 8: Steve DompierHomebrew member who fi
Page 9 and 10: "Uncle" John McCarthyAbsent-minded
Page 11 and 12: Dan SokolLong-haired prankster who
Page 13 and 14: Part OneTrue HackersCambridge:The F
Page 15 and 16: these machines to punch holes in th
Page 17 and 18: The clubroom was dominated by the h
Page 20 and 21: That spring of 1959, a new course w
Page 22 and 23: of course, was what those Signals a
Page 24 and 25: officious priests. The technician i
Page 26 and 27: Deutsch's comments would turn out t
Page 28 and 29: At that time, only a few people in
Page 30 and 31: Carroll's poem with the line "The t
Page 32 and 33: 2The Hacker EthicSOMETHING new was
Page 34 and 35: that easy flow of information.Mistr
Page 36 and 37: instruction which contained the num
Page 38 and 39: focus, made their lives adventurous
Page 40 and 41: occupying valuable space within the
Page 42 and 43: 3SpacewarIN the summer of 1961, Ala
Page 44 and 45: was a brand-new firm called Digital
Page 46 and 47: Dennis had written the original of
Page 48 and 49: The TMRC hackers were not the only
Page 50 and 51: exerted on others were totally outl
Page 52 and 53:
All of this was actually a signific
Page 54 and 55:
that often formed in the aftermath
Page 56 and 57:
heavy star would be in the center,
Page 58 and 59:
F. J. Corbate, who would seek some
Page 60 and 61:
changed irrevocably the day in 1954
Page 62 and 63:
doing. Then you can see your offspr
Page 64 and 65:
709, or working routines with a new
Page 66 and 67:
hacking them, he would. He would si
Page 68 and 69:
They went back loaded with Chinese
Page 70 and 71:
Though some hackers led somewhat ac
Page 72 and 73:
Despite these odd personal traits,
Page 74 and 75:
impossible was a useful LISP on a P
Page 76 and 77:
opponent could get out of this was
Page 78 and 79:
Dance, phone lines, dance!And the s
Page 80 and 81:
oxes" hardware devices to make ille
Page 82 and 83:
showed up on the ninth floor to wor
Page 84 and 85:
Gosper's forte, and he did some ear
Page 86 and 87:
the companionship of fellow hackers
Page 88 and 89:
master key was a magic sword to wav
Page 90 and 91:
sanctified objects, things you nurt
Page 92 and 93:
6Winners and LosersBY 1966, when Da
Page 94 and 95:
instead of sailing past the end of
Page 96 and 97:
like a pair of antlers. It looked,
Page 98 and 99:
made the same stupid mistake. Only
Page 100 and 101:
"Well, it has them, it's just that
Page 102 and 103:
their PDP-6, and you had one loser
Page 104 and 105:
on a data disk accessible by the co
Page 106 and 107:
system, Greenblatt and the rest exe
Page 108 and 109:
create useful concepts and tools to
Page 110 and 111:
7LIFETHEY would later call it a Gol
Page 112 and 113:
seriously. These were the days of t
Page 114 and 115:
Sometimes the hacker failure to be
Page 116 and 117:
later: "It was sort of necessary fo
Page 118 and 119:
explored in the Adventure world wer
Page 120 and 121:
and weird patterns established in t
Page 122 and 123:
etter program. Greenblatt howled in
Page 124 and 125:
The world.As much as the hackers tr
Page 126 and 127:
mainframe machine in the basement o
Page 128 and 129:
He loved the idea of electronics. H
Page 130 and 131:
But the war was just beginning. For
Page 132 and 133:
month he rented a room. It was belo
Page 134 and 135:
expose people, especially kids, to
Page 136 and 137:
Harbor, about thirty miles south of
Page 138 and 139:
liberal arts colleges. Nelson was a
Page 140 and 141:
I like to think(it has to be!)of a
Page 142 and 143:
9Every Man a GodJ.N June 1974, Lee
Page 144 and 145:
microprocessor.Lee Felsenstein, in
Page 146 and 147:
if he wanted to get involved in bui
Page 148 and 149:
elieve it an acronym for "Man In Th
Page 150 and 151:
kinds of gratification that a human
Page 152 and 153:
would come out of these systems was
Page 154 and 155:
company to help out in the crunch,
Page 156 and 157:
dreaming of things to put in it to
Page 158 and 159:
things done.Bob Albrecht did not li
Page 160 and 161:
Fred Moore had set up a table in th
Page 162 and 163:
charted the musical scale and writt
Page 164 and 165:
Bob Marsh understood that this was
Page 166 and 167:
Homebrew reviewers would examine ca
Page 168 and 169:
could run some real programs on the
Page 170 and 171:
Moore explicitly identified the pur
Page 172 and 173:
SLAC, he talked of video displays,
Page 174 and 175:
of the concept at work. One person'
Page 176 and 177:
themselves to the hacker pursuit of
Page 178 and 179:
after the meeting, Solomon was tell
Page 180 and 181:
eaders), you would have a way to wr
Page 182 and 183:
held at Albuquerque a year after th
Page 184 and 185:
you steal your software. Hardware m
Page 186 and 187:
fun," he later explained. Knowing s
Page 188 and 189:
But by then the possibility of maki
Page 190 and 191:
The computer is more interesting th
Page 192 and 193:
The convivial approach I suggest wo
Page 194 and 195:
amok. Marsh would often interrupt L
Page 196 and 197:
profile, its typewriter-style built
Page 198 and 199:
to get on various time-sharing comp
Page 200 and 201:
oards); a 30-chip TV display. Skill
Page 202 and 203:
He turned to computer programming,
Page 204 and 205:
that use one less chip than the las
Page 206 and 207:
Years later, the people attending t
Page 208 and 209:
favorable to the prices HP was payi
Page 210 and 211:
computers. Now that hackers like Wo
Page 212 and 213:
"Silicon Gulch," as he called it. O
Page 214 and 215:
So the Apple people were prepared t
Page 216 and 217:
proper stream and go with it until
Page 218 and 219:
13SecretsTED Nelson's speech was no
Page 220 and 221:
The former "Captain Crunch" was in
Page 222 and 223:
consuming passion was the resurrect
Page 224 and 225:
energies were divided between that,
Page 226 and 227:
Osbome while he and the others were
Page 228 and 229:
Part ThreeGame HackersThe Sierras:T
Page 230 and 231:
faded blue T-shirt. He had driven u
Page 232 and 233:
A more important relationship to Ke
Page 234 and 235:
Ken had gotten a taste of this more
Page 236 and 237:
nonetheless ... and then extemporan
Page 238 and 239:
For most of her life Roberta Willia
Page 240 and 241:
was hard to control the writing mec
Page 242 and 243:
Ken and Roberta bought the first co
Page 244 and 245:
porno books.An excursion to the loc
Page 246 and 247:
player's little tank. Jewell sugges
Page 248 and 249:
Margot and Al, in her words, "becam
Page 250 and 251:
of its founders. You almost had to
Page 252 and 253:
16The Third GenerationTHERE were st
Page 254 and 255:
where you try to get a guy to the t
Page 256 and 257:
screen; "user definable characters"
Page 258 and 259:
dozens of new software companies th
Page 260 and 261:
Ken had. already been marketing a P
Page 262 and 263:
home and reprogrammed the graphics.
Page 264 and 265:
If Ken Williams released a game tha
Page 266 and 267:
law was in a case in which some pri
Page 268 and 269:
virtual copy of Pac-Man!But the jud
Page 270 and 271:
employees. People played a continuo
Page 272 and 273:
peppermint schnapps which was On-Li
Page 274 and 275:
a sort of rehabilitation project on
Page 276 and 277:
At that time Warren was working at
Page 278 and 279:
opportunity and he should take it.
Page 280 and 281:
Ken Williams took the concerns of h
Page 282 and 283:
was really easy to talk to. We talk
Page 284 and 285:
Line community.Ken was hugely proud
Page 286 and 287:
easily as John Harris had lent his
Page 288 and 289:
The instant that John Harris ended
Page 290 and 291:
and patterned after Billboard's rec
Page 292 and 293:
This was quite a step from the earl
Page 294 and 295:
tweaking a marketing plan here, deb
Page 296 and 297:
A week before Dick arrived, Ken was
Page 298 and 299:
whole company to come to the site o
Page 300 and 301:
Line hackers gathered at places lik
Page 302 and 303:
Guinness Book of World Records cham
Page 304 and 305:
magazine show. NBC shot the requisi
Page 306 and 307:
subsidized by some institution. The
Page 308 and 309:
While still in high school, he land
Page 310 and 311:
Ken basically wanted a fairly relia
Page 312 and 313:
Apple bestseller. But when Lord Bri
Page 314 and 315:
estseller. After flying the young a
Page 316 and 317:
important Applefests. For one thing
Page 318 and 319:
This message managed to find its wa
Page 320 and 321:
They noticed right away because Fro
Page 322 and 323:
that the action was switching to tr
Page 324 and 325:
20Wizard vs. WizardsIN December of
Page 326 and 327:
things look good on television. Tat
Page 328 and 329:
now I just spend my time skiing the
Page 330 and 331:
The author of the twelfth bestselli
Page 332 and 333:
even the furniture, upside down wer
Page 334 and 335:
things to Ken about On-Line that he
Page 336 and 337:
The company's energy became focused
Page 338 and 339:
The techniques, algorithms, and cro
Page 340 and 341:
e more precarious than it had first
Page 342 and 343:
hacker paradise, the Tech Square mo
Page 344 and 345:
around the country all because the
Page 346 and 347:
could easily handle the considerabl
Page 348 and 349:
minimum.Noftsker considered this un
Page 350 and 351:
in with the bad guys here. But I'm
Page 352 and 353:
with concern when he spoke of Stall
Page 354 and 355:
Generation hacker. With many more g
Page 356 and 357:
Afterword: Ten Years After"I think
Page 358 and 359:
to avoid attending future Hacker Co
Page 360 and 361:
(though not gender specific) called
Page 362 and 363:
Joseph We-izenbaum, Randy Wigginton
Page 364 and 365:
* Gosper's memo is part of "Hakmem,
Page 366 and 367:
Delta, 1979).* "The winning isn't a
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