Levy_S-Hackers-Heroes-Computer-Revolution

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virtual copy of Pac-Man!But the judge refused to grant Atari a preliminary injunction to force On-Line tostop marketing Jawbreaker. He looked at the two games, figured he could tell thedifference, and ruled that, pending a full trial, On-Line should be allowed to keepmarketing Jaw-breaker. Atari's lawyers seemed stunned.David had temporarily smitten Goliath. Still, Ken Williams was not as thrilledwith the decision as one might have expected. Because On-Line had its owngames, and its own copyrights. It was becoming clear to Ken Williams that in thebottom of his heart he identified with Atari's point of view much more than hecared about the Hacker Ethic. "If this opens the door to other programmers rippingoff my software," he told Al Tommervik immediately after the decision, "whathappened here was a bad thing." He would settle the lawsuit before it came to trial.
17Summer CampKEN Williams came to rely on people like John Harris, Third Generation hackersinfluenced not so much by Robert Heinlein or Doc Smith as by Galaxian,Dungeons and Dragons, and Star Wars. A whole subculture of creative, gamedesigninghacker-programmers was blooming, beyond the reach of executiveheadhunters. They were mostly still in high school.To lure young programmers to Coarsegold, Williams took out ads in the LosAngeles Times tempting programmers to "Boot into Yosemite." Typical of thereplies was a man who told Ken, "My son's a great Apple programmer and wouldlike working with you." "Why don't you let me talk to your son?" Ken asked. Theman told him that his son didn't come across well on the phone. At the jobinterview at Oakhurst, the man insisted on answering all the questions for his son, asmall, round-eyed, sixteen-year-old blond who had peach-fuzz on his cheeks andseemed intimidated by the entire situation. None of this mattered when Kendiscovered the kid was capable of grasping the intricacies of Apple assemblylanguage. Ken hired him for three dollars an hour.Slowly, Ken Williams began to fill up the house he bought in the Sierra Sky Rancharea, just beyond Oakhurst where Route 41 starts climbing to elevations of overfive thousand feet. Besides free rent, there were Ken's impromptu graphicstutorials. Ken was now known as a certified Apple wizard. He could turn on hishacker inquisitiveness almost on whim. He refused to accept what othersconsidered generic limitations on the Apple. He would use page-flipping, exclusiveor-ing,masking technique ... anything to get something up on the screen. Whenlooking at someone else's program, he could smell a problem, circle around it, getto the heart of the matter, and come up with a solution.On-Line's corporate headquarters in 1981 was the second floor of a dark brownwood-frame structure on Route 41 whose ground floor housed a stationery storeand a little print shop. You entered the office after climbing a flight of stairs on theoutside of the building; you had to go outside past the staircase to go to thebathroom. Inside the office were a group of desks, fewer desks than there were
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HACKERSHeroes of the Computer Revol
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Contents●●●●●●●●●
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hero.Hackers like Richard Greenblat
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Steve DompierHomebrew member who fi
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"Uncle" John McCarthyAbsent-minded
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Dan SokolLong-haired prankster who
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Part OneTrue HackersCambridge:The F
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these machines to punch holes in th
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The clubroom was dominated by the h
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That spring of 1959, a new course w
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of course, was what those Signals a
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officious priests. The technician i
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Deutsch's comments would turn out t
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At that time, only a few people in
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Carroll's poem with the line "The t
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2The Hacker EthicSOMETHING new was
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that easy flow of information.Mistr
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instruction which contained the num
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focus, made their lives adventurous
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occupying valuable space within the
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3SpacewarIN the summer of 1961, Ala
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was a brand-new firm called Digital
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Dennis had written the original of
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The TMRC hackers were not the only
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exerted on others were totally outl
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All of this was actually a signific
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that often formed in the aftermath
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heavy star would be in the center,
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F. J. Corbate, who would seek some
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changed irrevocably the day in 1954
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doing. Then you can see your offspr
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709, or working routines with a new
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hacking them, he would. He would si
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They went back loaded with Chinese
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Though some hackers led somewhat ac
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Despite these odd personal traits,
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impossible was a useful LISP on a P
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opponent could get out of this was
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Dance, phone lines, dance!And the s
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oxes" hardware devices to make ille
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showed up on the ninth floor to wor
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Gosper's forte, and he did some ear
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the companionship of fellow hackers
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master key was a magic sword to wav
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sanctified objects, things you nurt
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6Winners and LosersBY 1966, when Da
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instead of sailing past the end of
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like a pair of antlers. It looked,
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made the same stupid mistake. Only
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"Well, it has them, it's just that
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their PDP-6, and you had one loser
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on a data disk accessible by the co
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system, Greenblatt and the rest exe
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create useful concepts and tools to
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7LIFETHEY would later call it a Gol
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seriously. These were the days of t
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Sometimes the hacker failure to be
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later: "It was sort of necessary fo
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explored in the Adventure world wer
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and weird patterns established in t
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etter program. Greenblatt howled in
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The world.As much as the hackers tr
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mainframe machine in the basement o
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He loved the idea of electronics. H
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But the war was just beginning. For
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month he rented a room. It was belo
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expose people, especially kids, to
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Harbor, about thirty miles south of
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liberal arts colleges. Nelson was a
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I like to think(it has to be!)of a
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9Every Man a GodJ.N June 1974, Lee
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microprocessor.Lee Felsenstein, in
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if he wanted to get involved in bui
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elieve it an acronym for "Man In Th
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kinds of gratification that a human
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would come out of these systems was
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company to help out in the crunch,
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dreaming of things to put in it to
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things done.Bob Albrecht did not li
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Fred Moore had set up a table in th
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charted the musical scale and writt
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Bob Marsh understood that this was
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Homebrew reviewers would examine ca
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could run some real programs on the
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Moore explicitly identified the pur
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SLAC, he talked of video displays,
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of the concept at work. One person'
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themselves to the hacker pursuit of
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after the meeting, Solomon was tell
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eaders), you would have a way to wr
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held at Albuquerque a year after th
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you steal your software. Hardware m
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fun," he later explained. Knowing s
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But by then the possibility of maki
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The computer is more interesting th
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The convivial approach I suggest wo
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amok. Marsh would often interrupt L
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profile, its typewriter-style built
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to get on various time-sharing comp
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oards); a 30-chip TV display. Skill
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He turned to computer programming,
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that use one less chip than the las
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Years later, the people attending t
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favorable to the prices HP was payi
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computers. Now that hackers like Wo
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"Silicon Gulch," as he called it. O
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So the Apple people were prepared t
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proper stream and go with it until
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Page 220 and 221: The former "Captain Crunch" was in
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Page 224 and 225: energies were divided between that,
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Page 228 and 229: Part ThreeGame HackersThe Sierras:T
Page 230 and 231: faded blue T-shirt. He had driven u
Page 232 and 233: A more important relationship to Ke
Page 234 and 235: Ken had gotten a taste of this more
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Page 238 and 239: For most of her life Roberta Willia
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Page 242 and 243: Ken and Roberta bought the first co
Page 244 and 245: porno books.An excursion to the loc
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Page 250 and 251: of its founders. You almost had to
Page 252 and 253: 16The Third GenerationTHERE were st
Page 254 and 255: where you try to get a guy to the t
Page 256 and 257: screen; "user definable characters"
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Page 260 and 261: Ken had. already been marketing a P
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Page 264 and 265: If Ken Williams released a game tha
Page 266 and 267: law was in a case in which some pri
Page 270 and 271: employees. People played a continuo
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Page 276 and 277: At that time Warren was working at
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Page 280 and 281: Ken Williams took the concerns of h
Page 282 and 283: was really easy to talk to. We talk
Page 284 and 285: Line community.Ken was hugely proud
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Page 288 and 289: The instant that John Harris ended
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Page 292 and 293: This was quite a step from the earl
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Page 296 and 297: A week before Dick arrived, Ken was
Page 298 and 299: whole company to come to the site o
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Page 308 and 309: While still in high school, he land
Page 310 and 311: Ken basically wanted a fairly relia
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This message managed to find its wa
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They noticed right away because Fro
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that the action was switching to tr
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20Wizard vs. WizardsIN December of
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things look good on television. Tat
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now I just spend my time skiing the
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The author of the twelfth bestselli
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even the furniture, upside down wer
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things to Ken about On-Line that he
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The company's energy became focused
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The techniques, algorithms, and cro
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e more precarious than it had first
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hacker paradise, the Tech Square mo
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around the country all because the
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could easily handle the considerabl
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minimum.Noftsker considered this un
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in with the bad guys here. But I'm
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with concern when he spoke of Stall
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Generation hacker. With many more g
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Afterword: Ten Years After"I think
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to avoid attending future Hacker Co
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(though not gender specific) called
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Joseph We-izenbaum, Randy Wigginton
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* Gosper's memo is part of "Hakmem,
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Delta, 1979).* "The winning isn't a
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