Intercultural Education in the Post-Primary School - National Council ...

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1THE CONTEXT OF INTERCULTURAL EDUCATIONThe more people who are on the margins the weaker is the centre…we all have a stake in building a future which respects and celebratesdiversity—a generous sharing Ireland that encompasses manytraditions and cultures and creates space for all its people.(President Mary McAleese, 24 February 2000)The growth of immigration into Irelandsince the mid-1990s has brought the issueof ethnic and cultural diversity to theforefront and has encouraged discussionaround diversity. However, it would not beaccurate to suggest that Ireland has onlyrecently experienced diversity. Significantminority ethnic, linguistic and religiousgroups have long been part of Irish society.Ireland has a long history of culturaldiversity that has contributed to makingIreland the country it is today. In a widersense, membership of a European andglobal community has also played asignificant role in the experience of beingIrish. In the context of growing diversity,and growing awareness of diversity, issuesof discrimination, particularly racialdiscrimination, have come into focus. Antidiscriminationhas been written into Irishlaw and into education policy. All thesefactors combine to provide the backgroundwithin which these guidelines operate.ETHNIC AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY IN IRELANDThe growth in ethnic and cultural diversityin Ireland in recent years has arisen for anumber of reasons, including increasedmovement from other EU countries (Table2), as well as increases in asylum seekers(Table 4) and in those issued work permits(Table 3). This diversity is not, however, anentirely new phenomenon: Ireland has, infact, a long history of cultural diversity.Table 1: Place of birth of people usually livingin Ireland in Census figures,1991 and 2002Place of Birth 1991 2002Ireland 93.9 % 89.6 %Northern Ireland 1.0 % 1.3 %Great Britain 3.8 % 5.1 %Other EU 0.4 % 0.9 %USA 0.4 % 0.6 %Other Countries 0.6 % 2.5 %Total 100 % 100 %2Intercultural Education in the Post Primary School
THE CONTEXT OF INTERCULTURAL EDUCATION 1Table 2: Estimated immigration to Ireland of people of EU nationality1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002UK 8,300 8,200 8,300 7,900 7,100 7,000 5,100Rest of EU 5,000 5,500 5,800 6,800 7,100 5,800 6,100Note: A substantial number of those included in the above statistics are not immigrants in the strict sensebut returning Irish migrants. The figure for returning Irish migrants peaked in 1999, at 55 per cent of allmigrants. At present is it under 40 per cent.As EU citizens, Irish people enjoy the rightto move to other EU states. Other EUcitizens, including the 10 countries thatjoined the EU in May 2004, also enjoy thesame right, and many have chosen to liveand work in Ireland. From May 2004 toApril 2005 85,114 people from the tenaccession countries were allocated PersonalPublic Service Numbers (PPS No) inIreland. We cannot be certain that all thosepeople are now working in Ireland but itwould be the intention of the majority ofthose applying for PPS Nos to work. Thismovement of people across Europeanborders has contributed to a culturalexchange between European countries aswell as affording people an opportunity toidentify the similarities that underlie ourEuropean identity.During the economic boom years of thelate 1990s and early 2000s, significantlabour shortages developed which had anegative impact on economic growth.The number of workers from EU countrieswas not sufficient to meet the economy’slabour needs. As a result, work permitswere issued to non-EU citizens to fillspecified jobs. Apart from EU citizensliving in Ireland, significant numbers ofmigrant workers have come to Irelandfrom countries such as Russia, Romania,the Philippines, South Africa and theUkraine.Table 3: Employment migration to Ireland fromoutside the EU2000 18,000 work permits issued2001 36,000 work permits issued2002 40,000 work permits issued2003 47,551 work permits issued2004 34,067 work permits issuedAnother group of recent immigrants toIreland comprises those who are seekingasylum. The asylum process is designed toprotect those who have a well-founded fearof persecution in their country of origin. Inorder to protect such people, the right toask for asylum was written into theUniversal Declaration of Human Rights.Those who are granted asylum are knownas refugees. The numbers of asylum seekersand refugees internationally grew duringthe 1980s and early 1990s. In the UK, forexample, the number of asylum seekersgrew from 2,905 in 1984 to 22,005 in1990 and 44,845 in 1991. In Ireland, atthe same time, the number of peopleseeking asylum rarely rose above 50. In1991 it stood at 31.Intercultural Education in the Post-Primary School 3
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INTERCULTURAL EDUCATION ACROSS THE
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APPROACHES AND METHODOLOGIES 6• a
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APPROACHES AND METHODOLOGIES 6CLASS
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LANGUAGE AND INTERCULTURALISM 8LEAR
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GLOSSARYPositive profilingA form of
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BIBLIOGRAPHYIreland, Department of
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CLASSROOM RESOURCES FOR INTERCULTUR
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CLASSROOM RESOURCES FOR INTERCULTUR
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NCCANational Council for Curriculum
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