Intercultural Education in the Post-Primary School - National Council ...

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FIGURE 1What do we mean by racism?Belief that> one culture is inferioror superior to another> one culture isprimitive or lacksvalue.RacistAttitudesRACISMIndividualRacistPracticesPractices including> shunning people> name-calling> graffiti> violence.InstitutionalRacist PracticesIndirect discrimination may include> entry criteria that do not allow fornomadic lifestyle> indiscriminate use of standardisedtests on ethnic minorities that are notnormed for that ethnic group> development of service provision ina way which reflects only the majoritycommunity's culture and identity> a lack of positive action topromote equality> a lack of professional expertise or trainingin dealing with diversity in the organisation> a lack of systematic data gathering on theimpact of policies on minority groups> a lack of workable facilities for consultationand listening to minority groups.RACIST PRACTICES BY INDIVIDUALSEvidence of racist practices by individualscan be found in studies of the experiencesof ethnic minorities in Ireland. In a 2001Amnesty International survey of ethnicminorities in Ireland, 78 per cent of morethan 600 respondents from a variety ofethnic minorities living all over Irelandhighlighted that they had been a victim ofracism, most often in public places like thestreet, or in shops or pubs, and over 80 percent of the sample tended to agree thatracism is a serious problem incontemporary Ireland.In 1995, the Government’s Task Force onthe Travelling Community noted:Discrimination at the individual level ismost common when a Traveller seeksaccess to any of a range of goods, servicesand facilities, to which access is deniedpurely on the basis of their identity asTravellers. Examples abound of publichouses refusing to serve Travellers, hotelsrefusing to book Traveller weddings, bingohalls barring Traveller women, leisurefacilities barring access to Travellers, andinsurance companies refusing to providemotor insurance cover. This experience canalso include physical and verbal attacksand intimidation. (pp 70-80).8Intercultural Education in the Post-Primary School
THE CONTEXT OF INTERCULTURAL EDUCATION 1RACIST PRACTICES BY INSTITUTIONSWhile individual racist practices andattitudes are sometimes the most obviousform of racism, they are not the only formof racism. The term institutional racism isused to describe racism in the form ofdiscriminatory provisions in legislation,regulations or other formal practices.Institutional racism includes:• indirect discriminations• a lack of positive action topromote equality• a lack of professional expertise ortraining in dealing with diversity inthe organisation• a lack of systematic data gatheringon the impact of policies onminority groups• a lack of workable facilities forconsultation and listening tominority groups.Indirect racism and other types of indirectdiscrimination occur when practices orpolicies, which do not appear todiscriminate against one group more thananother, actually have a discriminatoryimpact. It can also happen where arequirement, which may appear nondiscriminatory,has an adverse effect on agroup or class of people. For example, aschool that, because it is oversubscribed,offers places first to children who have asibling there is likely to disadvantagenomadic families who move into and outof a given area. While the practice did notoriginate from the prejudiced intention ofreducing the numbers of Traveller children,this will be the effect. Such a practicewould also have the effect of reducing thenumbers of children of recent immigrantsin the school. Practices such as these aredefined as indirect racism.Indirect racism may be found in theapplication of culturally inappropriatecriteria in rules or regulations. Forexample, if the entry criteria for a society,club or school required people to beresident in an area, this may discriminateagainst nomadic families. Indirect racismmay also be found in the development ofprovision which reflects only the majorityculture or which assumes that everyonebelongs to that culture. For example, ifinformation or services are made availablein a way that assumes that everyone willhave a good proficiency in the language ofthe majority, those who have difficultywith that language may be discriminatedagainst. If clinical testing or interviewing isonly carried out in the language of themajority or in a way which reflects theculture of the majority, or using criteriawhich are derived in respect of themajority population, incorrect judgementsmay be reached concerning members ofminority groups.DISCRIMINATION AND INTERCULTURALISM INLAW AND POLICYIn recent years, the Irish Government hasworked to challenge racism and topromote intercultural practices in Ireland.To these ends, it has introduced bothlegislation and initiatives. These have• provided a framework for people tochallenge racism and discrimination inIreland across a range of grounds• promoted equality and interculturalismthrough education and publicawareness.A National Action Plan Against Racism(NPAR) has been developed by theGovernment. This was a key commitment,which arose from the World ConferenceAgainst Racism, which was held inDurban, in South Africa, in 2001. Thiswill include an education action planagainst racism.Intercultural Education in the Post-Primary School 9
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GLOSSARYPositive profilingA form of
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BIBLIOGRAPHYIreland, Department of
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CLASSROOM RESOURCES FOR INTERCULTUR
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CLASSROOM RESOURCES FOR INTERCULTUR
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NCCANational Council for Curriculum
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