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The economic value of a forest UNESCO Module 9: Forests for the future Trees are valuable. The wood they provide has many uses. How can you estimate the value of a tree? and of a forest? Measuring the diameter of a tree: Measuring the height of a tree: Hold the rod at armslength.Standatasuitable distance from the tree/so that A and B match the top and bottom of the tree. Measure from your feet to the tree. Calculating the volume of a tree: Compare its shape to a cylinder. V= 7r r h Make yourmeasurement 1.3m above theground Grip the rod so that the end just touches your cheek. Heightoftree Find a tree. Use the techniques shown above to estimate its volume. Why is your answer only an estimate? PageS ",
I UNESCO Module 9: .Fofests for the future 1ha 100m Estimating the area of the forest, and the number of trees: 1 Use a map, or make measurements on the ground. ' 2 A square, each side of which has a length of 100 m, has an area of 10000 m 2 (1 hectare). 3 Its perimeter is 400 m. 4 Count the trees in a small area, say 20 m x 20 m. Work out how many there are in a hectare. Today, satellite photographs are taken to show all the forests of Finland. They can be analysed to find out how densely forested the country is, and how fast the trees are growing. The natural coniferous forests of Finland have been regenerated by wildfires at intervals of 100-300 years. Now, satellite photos show that the forests are a mosaic of old, middle-aged and young areas. The forest managers want the forests to be exploited in a sustainable way, so that there will be useful forests long into the future. When they fell trees, they must emulate the effect of fire. They cut small areas, less than 4 hectares, and then replant them. The oldest forests, especially wilderness areas, should stay intact for nature conservation. • Use the ideas shown aboveto estimate the area of the forest, the number of trees it contains, and the volume of timber. • Contact a timber firm, or look for prices in a financial newspaper. How much is each cubic metre of timber worth ? • Each 1000 m" of coniferous trees produces about 40 m" of useful wood each year. What is the value of the wood produced by your forest each year? P~e6 ---- 1ha
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• UNESCO Inaworld increasingly sh
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Contents The/Origins and Purpose of
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( ) has involved practising teacher
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The Meaning of Scientific and Techn
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I \ < l 3 Fuels for the future 4 Pr
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,."1 l r ~ Formative
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~ ) • \ \.. • • Evaluating th
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UNESCOResource Kit Science & Techno
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Scientific & Technological Literacy
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There are two parts ·to each modul
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Acknowledgements Module I Name of U
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Acknowledgements (continued) 26 Wor
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Outline of the modules (continued)
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Cars and energy UNESCOModule 1: Car
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Electric vehicles UNESCO Module 1:
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UNESCO Module 1: Cars and energy -'
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UNESCOModule 2: Oetting to school -
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UNESCO Module 2: Oetting to school
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UNESCO Nodule 2: Oetting to school
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UNESCO Module 2: Oetting to school
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UNESCOModule 2: Oettinq to school-
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Fuels for the future Which fuel is
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UNESCO Module 3: Fuels for the futu
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Page 76 and 77: The ethanol debate UNESCO Module 4:
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Page 81 and 82: UNesCOModule 4: Problems with fossi
Page 84 and 85: UNESCOModule 5: Oremulsion - an alt
Page 86 and 87: --- UNESCO Module 5: Oremulsion - a
Page 88 and 89: You live near the Switch Power Stat
Page 90 and 91: UNESCO Module 5: Oremulsion - an al
Page 92 and 93: The water cycle Control UNESCO Modu
Page 94 and 95: The water cycle The diagram shows t
Page 96: UNESCO Module 6: The water cycle *
Page 101 and 102: UNESCOModule 6: The water cycie= Te
Page 103 and 104: UNESCO Module 7: Sources of fresh w
Page 105 and 106: UNESCO Module 7: Sources of fresh w
Page 107 and 108: UNESCO Module 7: Sourcesoffreshwate
Page 109 and 110: UNESCOModule 7: Sources offresh wat
Page 111 and 112: UNESCO Module 8: Managing water res
Page 113 and 114: UNESCO Module 8: Managing water res
Page 118 and 119: Forests for the future UNESCOModule
Page 120 and 121: A forest survey 1 mature conifers 2
Page 124: Healthy conifers UNESCO Module 9: F
Page 127 and 128: Notes on the activities UNESCO Modu
Page 129 and 130: UNESCO Nodule] 0: Tropical rain for
Page 131 and 132: UNESCOModule 10: Tropicalmin forest
Page 133 and 134: UNESCO Module 10: Tropical rain for
Page 135 and 136: UNESCO Module 11: Wood asafuel-----
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Page 140 and 141: UNESCOModule 12: Wood as a structur
Page 142: Problems with humidity UNESCO Modul
Page 145 and 146: UlYESCOModu/e 12: Wood as a structu
Page 147 and 148: UNESCO Module 13: Materials made fr
Page 149 and 150: UNESCO Module 13: Materials made fr
Page 151: UNESCO Module 13: Materials made fr
Page 155 and 156: UNESCOModule14: Understanding biodi
Page 157 and 158: UNESCO Module ·14: Understanding b
Page 159 and 160: UNESCO Module14: Understanding biod
Page 161 and 162: UNESCO Module 14: Understanding bio
Page 163 and 164: UNESCO Module 15: Cloning sheep Clo
Page 165 and 166: UNESCO Module 15: Cloning sheep 008
Page 168 and 169: UNESCOModule 15: Cloning sheep - Te
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UNESCO Module 16: Investigating pol
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Air pollution - instruction sheet M
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Pollution in the house anpeting UNE
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--------------- UNESCO Module 17: S
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Noise pollution UNESCO Module 18: N
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UNESCO Module 18: Noise pollution -
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UNESCO Nodule 19: Combined heat and
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UNESCO Module 19: Combined heat end
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UNESCO Module 19: Combined heat and
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Solar heating The Trading Post UfYE
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UNESCOModule 20: Solar heating Sola
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UNESCO Module 20: Solar beatinq »
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UNESCO Nodule 21: Photovoltaic syst
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UNESCO Module 21: Photovoltsic syst
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UNESCO Module 21: Photovoltaic syst
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Refrigeration for medical vaccines
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Solar powered sport at a Spanish sc
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An optical fibre link for • Vietn
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UNESCO .Module 21: Photovoltaic sys
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UNESCO Module 22: Using wind power
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UNESCO Module 22: Using wind power
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Alcohol in your body The effects of
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Burning up alcohol UNESCOModule 23:
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Testing the quality of food UNESCO
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Looking for Impurlties in food mate
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UNESCOModule 24: Testing the qualit
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UNESCO Module 25: Understandinq ecl
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A Koman account UNESCO .Module 25:
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_________ UNESCO Module 25: Underst
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Working with numbers UNESCO Module
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Making a million UNESCO Module 26:
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Paces and spaces UNESCO Module 26:
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The Global Village: Population UNES
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Appendix 1 Project 2000+ steering C
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