Mathematics and transfusion medicine - Blood Transfusion

Morelati F et al.Table IV - Results of HPA typing and a comparison with frequencies reported in other European countriesAllele frequency (%)HPA antigen Observed (1) Italy the Netherlands Finland Wales Germany Austria(Fratellanza 2005) (Simsek 1993) (Kekomaki 1995) (Sellers 1999) (Kiefel 1993) (Holensteiner 1995)HPA-1a 0.832 0.838 0.846 0.86 0.825 0.834 0.852HPA-1b 0.167 0.162 0.154 0.14 0.175 0.166 0.148HPA-2a 0.879 0.85 0.934 0.91 0.902 0.940 0.918HPA-2b 0.12 0.15 0.066 0.09 0.098 0.060 0.082HPA-3a 0.701 0.658 0.555 0.59 0.607 0.616 0.612HPA-3b 0.298 0.342 0.445 0.41 0.393 0.384 0.388HPA-5a 0.859 0.920 0.902 0.95 0.903 0.889 0.892HPA-5b 0.14 0.080 0.098 0.05 0.097 0.111 0.108(1) Centro Trasfusionale e di Immunoematologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Rigenerativa, Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milano (Italy)References1) Dzik WH. New technology for transfusion safety. Br JHaematol 2007; 136: 181-90.2) Serious Hazards of Transfusion (SHOT), Report 2005;http://www.shotuk.org/index.htm3) Sazama K. Reports of 335 transfusion-associated deaths:1976 through 1985. Transfusion 1990; 30: 583-90.4) Plapp FV, Sinor LT, Rachel JM, et al. A solid-phase antibodyscreen. Am J Clin Pathol 1984; 82: 719-21.5) Beck ML, Rachel JM, Sinor LT, et al. Semiautomated solidphaseadherence assays for pretransfusion testing. Med LabSci 1984; 41:374-81.6) Rolih SD, Eisinger RW, Moheng MC, et al. Solid-phaseadherence assays: alternative to conventional blood banktests. Lab Med 1985; 16:766.7) Morelati F, Revelli N, Paccapelo C, et al. An automatedinstrument for mass red blood cell antigen typing. Transfusion2006; 46 (Suppl.): 125A (Abstract SP271)8) Morelati F, Paccapelo C, Villa MA, et al. Antibodyidentification tests performed by a software and a walkawayinstrument. Transfusion 2004; 44 (Suppl.):SP323F.9) Paccapelo C, Morelati F, Villa MA, et al. Identificazione dianticorpi eritrocitari con uno strumento automatico. XXXVIConvegno Nazionale di Studi di Medicina Trasfusionale dellaSocietà Italiana di Medicina Trasfusionale eImmunoematologia 2004 (Abstract COM 083).10) Morelati F, Paccapelo C, Revelli N, et al. The identificationof red cell antibodies by an automated system. Transfusion2006; 46(Suppl.):146A (Abstract SP341).11) Rachel JM, Sinor LT, Tawfik OW, et al. A solid-phase redcell adherence test for platelet cross-matching. Med Lab Sci1985; 42:194-5.12) Rebulla P, Morelati F, Revelli N, et al. Outcomes of anautomated procedure for the selection of effective plateletsfor patients refractory to random donors based on crossmatchinglocally available platelet products. Br J Haematol2004; 125: 83-9.13) Barcellini W, Clerici G, Montesano R, et al. In vitroquantification of anti-red blood cell antibody production inidiopathic autoimmune haemolytic anaemia: effect of mitogenand cytokine stimulation. Br J Haematol 2000; 111: 452-60.14) Barcellini W, Montesano R, Clerici G, et al. In vitro productionof anti-RBC antibodies and cytokines in chronic lymphocyticleukemia. Am J Hematol 2002; 71:177-83.15) Daniels G. Human Blood Groups (2nd ed.), Blackwell Science,Oxford (2002).16) Daniels G. Molecular blood grouping. Vox Sang 2004;87(Suppl. 1): S63–S66.17) Yamamoto F. Molecular genetics of ABO. Vox Sang 2000;78 (Suppl. 2): 91-103.18) Avent ND, Reid ME. The Rh blood group system: a review.Blood 2000; 95:375-87.19) Reid ME, Rios M, Yazdanbakhsh K. Application of molecularbiology techniques to transfusion medicine. Semin Hematol2003; 37:166-176.20) Cartron JP. Molecular basis of red cell protein antigendeficiencies. Vox Sang 2000; 78: 7-23.21) Denomme GA. The structure and function of the moleculesthat carry human red blood cell and platelet antigens. TranfMed Rev 2004; 18: 203-31.22) Miller SA, Dykes DD, Polesky HF. A simple salting outprocedure for extracting DNA from human nucleated cells.Nucleic Acid Res 1988; 16:1215.23) Chester MA, Olsson ML. The ABO blood group gene: alocus of considerable genetic diversity. Transfus Med Rev2001;15:177–200.24) Yamamoto F, McNeill PD, Hakomori S. Human histo-bloodgroup A2 transferase coded by A2 allele, one of the Asubtypes, is characterized by a single base deletion in thecoding sequence, which results in an additional domain at thecarboxyl terminal. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1992;187: 366–74.64Blood Transfus 2007; 5: 58-65 DOI 10.2450/2007.0006-07058-65_Morelati.p65 6409/07/2007, 9.20