Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW.

Economic effi ciency of growing and technological processes for cereals 35TABLE 4. Characteristics of costs and revenues for winter wheat in the sample file of organic farmersIndicator Average Minimal value Maximal value MedianSeeds 1 787.60 750.00 2 440.00 1 600.00Fertilizers 1 307.10 875.00 5985.00 1 859.00Other direct material costs 35.00 0.00 520.00 24.00Direct material costs in total 3 129.71 1 625.00 8 945.00 3 483.00Costs of growing technology 5 643.39 948.00 21 518.00 4 343.00Indirect costs 1 618.16 x x 5 048.00Costs in total 10 391.26 7 407.00 24 203.00 12 874.00Marginal contribution –443.46 x x 5 043.70Costs of major product (CZK/t) 6 178.08 2 332.64 8 048.37 4 315.59Per hectare yield (t/ha) 2.03 1.14 4.15 3.10Average farmers’ price (CZK/t) 4 110.33 3 199.99 5 000.04 4 151.52is by 276 CZK less than it is set inrecommended technological process.Marginal contribution presented bymedian is in the sample file higher thanthe average shown in Table 2, i.e. by1062 CZK per one hectare. It is causedby higher per hectare yield and lowervariable costs.Even when the comparison of thesample file of organic farmers withthe set recommended value is for thesample file favorable, in comparisonto conventional farmers is organicallygrown winter wheat by far less efficient,which is possible to deduce from data inTable 5.Total per hectare costs shown byorganic farmers have by 3972 CZKlower average value than companies inconventional system of farming. In themeans of median it is less by 1489 CZK.The main reason for lower costs is theabsence in use of chemical protectivemeans by organic farmers as well asman-made fertilizers, which is clear fromindexes in Table 6.TABLE 5. Structure of average costs andrevenues of winter wheat in conventional systemof farmingCosts per 1 haIndicatorof harvestedarea (CZKSeeds 1 078Fertilizers 2 509Other direct material costs 2 659Direct material costs in total 6 246Costs of growing technology 5 824Indirect costs 2 293Costs in total 14 363Marginal contribution 3 155Costs of major product (CZK/t) 2 667Per hectare yield (t/ha) 4.74Average farmers’ price (CZK/t) 3 212Different per hectare yield is exposedinto costs per one ton of grain. Perhectare yield is in this sample file oforganic farmers in the range of 1.14 till4.15 tons per hectare, while in the systemof conventional farming it is in average4.74 tons. Different is average farmers’price as well, in the sample file of organic