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8 G. ViselgaFIGURE 2. The relationship between soil hardness in the middle of an interrow and the number ofpasses of tractor’s MTZ-82 earthing-up and planting aggregatesFIGURE 3. Effect of mulching on soil hardness in potato furrows before potato liftingFIGURE 4. Effect of soil loosening (a), mulching and cultivation methods (b) on weed incidence
Inveatigations on soil conservation and precision... 9When loosening by a combinedaggregate and planting separately, theamount of clods over 30 mm in diametercollected during potato lifting was 28.5%lower and on average 18.4% lower in allthe experimental treatments than in thecontrol.While setting modernisation trends offield crop production a special attentionshould be drawn to the reduction ofenergy costs. It is equal to the reductionof production costs and enhancement ofprofitability. It goes without saying thaton cultivated, not compacted soils energycosts are always lower. Therefore, all thethree mentioned trends are interrelated.Replacement of organic fertilisersby mulching of green manure crops andgrowing of ecological production are alsoways to save energy costs, as these meansis increased, as it is possible to narrowinterrows and protection zones of somecrops and not to pack the soil. It is atechnology of the future.The operation width of the gantrysystem implements when perpendicularmounted on the beam depends on theirdistance up to the revolution centre Rpand the beam l. The smallest divergenceof the operation width from the designone that is equal to 0.18 m (Fig. 5) willbe when the implements are under thebeam, i.e. l = 0. But in some cases itis difficult to do l = 0 in practice, thenthe implements should be turned bythe radius angle α πarctg R pl= −2depending on the turn. At that time theoperation width of the plough will can becalculated according to equation:b =2 23bp+ anbp+ an+ Rp+ l + 2 3 2 22 244result in lower energy consumption, lowersoil compaction and better suppressionof weeds. Technologies of precisionand gantry agriculture are completelynew. Experimental results of circle andshuttle gantry systems [Viselga 1998]have shown that wheel skidding is aslow as 1%, and soil loosening energycosts can be reduced as much as 20%.Installed power according to the resultsof our tests makes up only 3–5 kW, andfor ploughing and cultivation only about240 kWh/ha is used. In gantry agriculturethe amount of production per area unit2 22 2 an− bp− Rp + l +4⎛2 2( Rp+ l⎜) sin arctg ⎜⎜⎝⎞2bp⎟+2 2an− bp⎟⎠where: a n – the length of the ploughshareblade, b p – the design width of the plough.When the turn radius of gantryimplements is (3–6) m, one side of theprofile of the potato furrow, closer tothe rotation centre, has the smaller areathan the other side of the profile (Fig. 6).When the implements move away fromthe centre, on the contrary, the area of theperipheral side of the furrow profile issmaller than the area of the other side ofthe furrow profile: when the turn radiusis (9–12) m, the furrow asymmetry is13%, and when it is (15–18) m, the
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Page 7: Inveatigations on soil conservation
Page 11 and 12: Inveatigations on soil conservation
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Page 15 and 16: Precision and energy parameters of
Page 21: Precision and energy parameters of
Page 24 and 25: 24 A. Lisowski et al.62.8, 59.4 and
Page 26 and 27: 26 A. Lisowski et al.TABLE 2. Param
Page 28 and 29: 28 A. Lisowski et al.in three and t
Page 30 and 31: 30 A. Lisowski et al.według normy
Page 33: Economic effi ciency of growing and
Page 36 and 37: 36 J. Jánský, I. ŽivělováTABLE
Page 41 and 42: Effect of storage conditions on bio
Page 43 and 44: Effect of storage conditions on bio
Page 47 and 48: Investigations on drying of new pum
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Page 53 and 54: Analysis of optimal values of air s
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60 M. Klimkiewicz- units and parts
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62 M. Klimkiewiczwhere: S(x l,…,
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64 M. KlimkiewiczTABLE 5. Matrix of
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Annals of Warsaw University of Life
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Properties and structure of spheroi
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Properties and structure of spheroi
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74 G. Elmasry, N. Wang, C. Vigneaul
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Hyperspectral imaging for chilling
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Experimental verifying of mathemati
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Experimental verifying of mathemati
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96 J. Kára, Z. Pastorek, R. Adamov
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98 J. Kára, Z. Pastorek, R. Adamov
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100 J. Kára, Z. Pastorek, R. Adamo
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New fermentation source in the tech
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Agricultural business extension aid
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