Evidence-based mental health promotion resource - health.vic.gov.au

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Evidence-based mental health promotion resource57Intervention – Community education campaignsCommunity education campaigns are those implemented through media outlets.They are generally broad in scope and aim to increase knowledge and awareness.Specific population group/settingThese interventions are intended for whole of a community, with the aim of increasingawareness and educating against violence.EffectivenessThere appears to be limited evaluation of the effectiveness of community-wideeducation campaigns. No reviews of these types of intervention were identified.The Western Australian Government has funded a long term media strategy, ‘Freedomfrom Fear’, to ensure the safety of women, children and other victims of intimate partnerviolence. The strategy is based on the premise that legal threats and sanctions, whileimportant, do not remove the fear of recurring domestic violence (Donovan, Paterson& Francas 1999). Evaluation revealed improvements in men’s awareness about whereto seek assistance if they are, or could be, violent (Donovan et al. 2000; Gibbons &Paterson 2000). In addition, evaluation revealed a strong correlation between thenumber of calls to the men’s domestic violence helpline and the advertising schedule.The strength of this correlation is not provided.Implementation issuesAdequate planning to evaluate mass media interventions is required to contribute to theevidence base.ReferencesDonovan, RJ, Francas, M, Paterson, D & Zappelli, R 2000, ‘Formative research formass media based campaigns: Western Australia’s freedom from fear campaigntargeting male perpetrators of intimate partner violence’, Health Promotion Journal ofAustralia, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 78–83.Donovan, RJ, Paterson, D & Francas, M 1999, ‘Targeting male perpetrators of intimateviolence: Western Australia’s “Freedom from Fear” campaign’, Social MarketingQuarterly, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 128–44.Gibbons, L & Paterson, D 2000, ‘Freedom from fear campaign against domesticviolence: an innovative approach to reducing crime’, Paper presented at ReducingCriminality: Partnerships and Best Practice convened by the Australian Instituteof Criminology in association with the Western Australian Ministry of Justice, theDepartment of Local Government, the Western Australian Police Service and SaferWA, Perth, 31 July – 1 August.
58 Evidence-based mental health promotion resourceIntervention – Programs developed for at-risk populationsThe most successful interventions appear to be those developed for population groupswho are at particular risk, or have a history, of perpetrating violence against others.Empirical evidence suggests that poor parent–child relationships and marital conflictincrease the risk that children will develop major behavioural and emotional problems,including juvenile crime and anti-social behaviour (Sanders 2003; Sanders, Markie &Turner 2003).Specific population group/settingActivity has focused on two population groups: children at risk of developing violentbehaviour, and their parents. Settings have included home visitation, preschools andsocial support services. Justice-based programs are beyond the scope of this review.Effectiveness• Home visitation programs appear to be effective at preventing child abuse (HealthEducation Authority 2001; Kellermann et al. 1998). Further monitoring is needed toassess the effect on youth violence.• Family therapy has had moderate to good effects in improving family functioning andreducing behavioural problems in children (Health Education Board for Scotland2001; Kellermann et al. 1998). In Australia, the Positive Parenting program (TripleP) has been successful in improving parenting skills, reducing reported behaviouralproblems in children and improving parental wellbeing and relationship satisfaction(Sanders, Markie & Turner 2003).• Early childhood education programs have had both long term and short termeffects on reducing youth crime participation (Health Education Authority 2001;Kellermann et al. 1998). One such program, the Syracuse family developmentresearch project, combined early childhood education, parent education and linksto social services. Long term follow-up revealed only 6 per cent of participants hada juvenile record by age 15 years, compared with 22 per cent of controls. Thesuccess of the Perry Preschool program is also well documented (Anderson et al.2003). Participants were followed up to age 27 years. Significant improvements inhigh school graduation, employment status and home ownership were noted amongparticipants compared with non-participants. In addition, significant reductions inteen pregnancies, delinquency, arrests and receipt of social services were identifiedamong participants.• Behavioural and skill development programs have been identified as effectivein reducing or preventing youth violence. Individual therapy or casework is lesseffective or not effective, while cognitive behavioural therapy has had positive resultsin reducing violent crime (Health Education Board for Scotland 2001).
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