Black fungal extremes - CBS

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Se l b m a n n e t a l.Fig. 3. Recurvomyces mirabilis. A. 1- celled conidia and ramoconidia. B–D. Septate and branched conidiophores; branches forming right angle and bent down. E. Conidiophorewith recurved hyphal branching. F. Conidiogenous cells producing conidia by enteroblastic proliferation. G. Schyzolytic conidial secession. H. Swelling cells. Scale bar = 10µm.microspora, Catenulostroma abietis (Butin & Pehl) Crous & U.Braun and C. germanicum Crous & U. Braun. The strain TRN128 from Mediterranean rock is found in a paraphyletic position.Pseudotaeniolina globosa is a member of the same clade, whilethe endemic Antarctic Friedmanniomyces species are membersof a neighbouring clade which includes Mycocalicium victoriaeCBS 109663 and the lichenicolous fungus Hobsonia santessonii,without any known teleomorph. Five further undescribed Antarcticstrains, among which was CBS 122539, constituted a sister clade(Fig. 2), and phenetically all showed conidial dehiscence withbasauxically expanding connectives; we here describe a newgenus, Elasticomyces Zucconi & Selbmann for this group. Another,separate cluster of four strains from Antarctic and Mediterraneanrocks was found around CBS 119434, strains microscopically eithershowing recurved conidial branches or a reduced, meristematicmorphology; for which we describe a new genus, RecurvomycesSelbmann & de Hoog. The halo- respectively acidophilic Hortaeaspecies, H. werneckii and H. acidophila, were located at clearlyseparate positions. The same clade included also the plantpathogenicteleomorph species Teratosphaeria ohnowa (Crous &M.J. Wingf.) Crous & U. Braun occurring on leaves of Myrtaceae.A basal cluster comprised some strains, among which Scytalidiumacidophilum CBS 270.74 was selected as outgroup. The cladecontained the plant-pathogenic Mycosphaerella nubilosa (Cooke)Hansf. and, as sister clade, a group of acidophilic fungi whichincluded the ex-type strain of Scytalidium acidophilum Sigler & J.W.Carmich. CBS 270.74, isolated from acidic soil, was found to beidentical to that species. No teleomorph relationships are knownfor this group. S. acidophilum was found to be identical to strainsof the the invalidly described genus “Acidomyces” B.J. Baker et al.That genus is validated below as Acidomyces B.J. Baker et al. exSelbmann et al.DESCRIPTIONSRecurvomyces Selbmann & de Hoog, gen. nov. – MycoBankMB511293.Ad fungos anamorphos, hyphomycetes pertinens. Coloniae in agaro maltoso lentecrescentes, compactae, velutinae, nigrae vel olivaceo-nigrae. Mycelium ex hyphislongis, levibus, pallide brunneis et crassitunicatis compositum. Hyphae torulosaeinterdum productae, brunneae, crassitunicatae, enteroblastice proliferantes.Conidiophora macronematosa vel semi-macronematosa, saepe ramosa, cum ramislateralibus saepe angulo recto dispositis deorsumque inflexis. Conidia enteroblastica,schizolytice secedentia. Ramoconidia interdum producta. Teleomorphosis ignota.Species typica: Recurvomyces mirabilis Selbmann & de Hoog, sp. nov.10
Dr o u g h t m e e t s a c i dAnamorphic fungi, hyphomycetes. Colonies very slowly growing,compact, heaped, black or olive-black. Mycelium composed of long,smooth, yellowish brown and thick-walled hyphae. Torulose hypaesometimes present, brown, thick-walled, smooth to verrucose,enteroblastically proliferating. Conidiophores macronematousor semi-macronematous, often branched with lateral branchesmostly at roughly right angle and bent down. Conidia producedby enteroblastic proliferation released by schizolytic secession.Ramoconidia sometimes present.Teleomorph: Unknown; phylogenetic affinity to the ascomyceteorder Capnodiales.Type species: Recurvomyces mirabilis Selbmann & de Hoog, sp.nov.Recurvomyces mirabilis Selbmann & de Hoog, sp. nov. –MycoBank MB511294, Figs 3–5.Coloniae in agaro maltoso acervatae, compactae, margine regulari atque plano,velutinae, nigrae vel olivaceo-nigrae, reversus nigrum, lente crescentes, posttres menses usque ad 18 mm diam. Mycelium ex hyphis longis, levibus, pallidebrunneis et crassitunicatis, apicem versus gradatim pallidioribus et subtiliustunicatis, subhyalinis, interdum anastomoses ferentibus, septatis, ramosiscompositum. Torulosae hypae interdum productae, brunneae, crassitunicatae,leves vel verrucosae, partibus inflationis 4.5–7.5 µm crassis, proliferatione apicalienteroblastica ortae. Conidiophora ex mycelio superficiali orientia, macronematosavel semi-macronematosa, mononematosa, erecta, brevia, septata, levia,crassitunicata, brunnea, apicem versus gradatim pallidiora et tenuitunicata, exproliferatione enteroblastica percurrente orientia, saepe ramosa, cum ramislateralibus saepe angulo recto dispositis, deorsum inflexis. Cellulae conidiogenaepolyblasticae, integratae, terminales vel intercalares, tenuitunicatae, brunneae,enteroblasticae, post schizolyticam secessionem conidiorum tenui cicatricepraeditae. Conidia enteroblastica, sicca, solitaria, 0–1-septata, subhyalina veldilute brunnea, tenuitunicata, levia, ellipsoidea vel obovoidea, raro modice adseptum constricta, ad apicem rotundata, plano hilo basilari incospicuo praedita postschizolyticam secessionem, 7.2–11.2 × 2.5–4.7 µm. Propagula liberata e partibusterminalibus conidiophororum vel cellulis conidiogenis orientia; ramoconidia etiamproducta, saepe 1-septata, brunnea, crassitunicata, forma irregulare, quae a latereenteroblastica conidia gignere possunt. Teleomorphosis ignota.Holotypus: CBS H-20178, cultura ex-typo CBS 119434 = CCFEE 5264, in PromontorioPugnae Navalis, Terra Victoriae Meridionalis, Antarctica, isolatus ex arenari saxo.L. Zucconi legit, 24.I.2004.Cultural characteristics: Description based on strain CBS 119434at 10 °C.Colonies on MEA and PDA heaped, with flat and regular margin, onOA remaining almost completely flat; growth very slow: diameterafter two mos 18 mm on MEA2, 16.5 mm on OA, 15 mm on PDA,and 5 mm on CzA. Colony obverse olive-black, compact, felty;reverse black. Mycelium composed of long, smooth, yellowishbrown and thick-walled hyphae, paler and thinner-walled towardsthe subhyaline apices, septate, branched, with occasionalanastomoses. Torulose hyphae sometimes present, brown,thick-walled, smooth to verrucose, with swellings 4.5–7.5 µmwide, formed by enteroblastic apical proliferation. Conidiophoreserect, semi-macronematous, mononematous, short, septate,smooth, thick-walled, brown, paler and thinner towards the apex,developing from percurrent enteroblastic proliferations of shortsimple conidiophores, repeatedly branched, with lateral branchesmostly at roughly right angle and bent downward. Conidiogenouscells polyblastic, integrated, terminal or intercalary, thin-walled,brown, producing conidia by enteroblastic proliferation, with slightabscission scars remaining after schizolytic conidial secession.www.studiesinmycology.orgConidia enteroblastic, dry, solitary, 0–1-septate, subhyaline toyellowish brown, thin-walled, smooth, ellipsoidal to obovoidal,sometimes slightly constricted at the median septum, rounded atthe apex and with a flat scar at the base, 7.2–11.2 × 2.5–4.7 µm;conidial secession schizolytic. Terminal parts of conidiophoresor apical conidiogenous cells generally breaking off producingpropagules; ramoconidia also present, formed by schizoliticsecession, mostly 1-septate, brown, thick-walled, irregular in shape,laterally producing conidia by enteroblastic proliferation.Teleomorph: Unknown.Holotype: CBS H-20178, culture ex-type CBS 119434 = CCFEE5264, Battleship Promontory, McMurdo Dry Valleys, SouthernVictoria Land, Antarctica, isolated from sandstone. Leg. L. Zucconi,24 Jan. 2004.Strains examined: CBS 119434; CCFEE 5480; CCFEE 5391; CBS117957.Elasticomyces Zucconi & Selbmann, gen. nov. – MycoBankMB511296.Ad fungos anamorphos, hyphomycetes pertinens. Coloniae compactae, coactae,cumulatae, nigrae, lente crescentes. Mycelium ex hyphis longis, septatis, ramosis,tenuitunicatis, hyalinis vel pallide pigmentatis compositum. Hyphae fertilesobscuriores et magis crassitunicatae, repetite ramosae, septatae, fissione ad septain conidia disarticulantes. Arthroconidia catenata, uni- vel pluricellularia, cylindrica,utrimque secessione schizolytica truncata. Teleomorphosis ignota.Species typica: Elasticomyces elasticus Zucconi & Selbmann, sp. nov.Anamorphic fungi, hyphomycetes. Colonies compact, felted,clumped, black, slow growing. Mycelium composed of long,branched, septate, thin-walled, colourless or yellowish to palebrown hyphae. Fertile hyphae more pigmented and thicker-walled,repeatedly branched at roughly right angle, septate, forming conidiaby fragmentation. Arthroconidia catenate, one or pluricellular,cylindrical, with truncated ends due to schizolytic secession.Teleomorph: Unknown.Phylogenetic affinity to the ascomycete order Capnodiales.Type species: Elasticomyces elasticus Zucconi & Selbmann, sp.nov.Elasticomyces elasticus Zucconi & Selbmann, sp. nov. –MycoBank MB511297, Figs 6, 7.Coloniae in agaro maltoso compactae, coactae, partim immersae, margineplerumque irregulari, cumulatae, obversum reversumque nigra, lente crescentes,post duos menses usque ad 15 mm diam. Mycelium ex hyphis longis, septatis,levibus, tenuitunicatis, luteolis vel pallide brunneis, ramosis, anastomosantibus,3.5–5.3 µm latis compositum. Hyphae fertiles brunneae, crassitunicatae, ad angulorecto repetite ramosae, septatae, primum leves, demum crenulatae, fissionead septa in numerosa brevia segmenta, ex uno vel pluribus conidiis composita,disarticulantes, interdum connectivo coniuncta. Arthroconidia catenata, plerumquebicellularia, rarius unicellularia, levia vel crenulata, cylindrica, truncata et magiscrassitunicata ad apices secessione schizolytica, modice ad septum constricta,12.5–16 × 3.5–5.3 µm.Cellulae intercalares chlamydosporarum similes interdumorientes, parietibus crassis et brunneis. Teleomorphosis ignota.Holotypus: CBS H-20177, cultura ex-typo CBS 122538 = CCFEE 5313, Insula Kay,Terra Victoriae Settentrionalis, Antarctica, isolatus ex thallo Usneae antarcticae. L.Zucconi legit, 30.I.2004.11
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Page 7 and 8: PREFACEThe terms "black fungi" or "
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Page 32 and 33: Za l a r e t a l.Table 1. List of a
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Page 36 and 37: Za l a r e t a l.Fig. 2. Consensus
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Va u p o t i č e t a l.cerevisiae)
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Va u p o t i č e t a l.Fig. 3. Mor
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Va u p o t i č e t a l.HMG-CoA red
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Pl e m e n i ta s e t a l.entire en
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Pl e m e n i ta s e t a l.glycerol
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Pl e m e n i ta s e t a l.Fig. 1. T
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Pl e m e n i ta s e t a l.diversity
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available online at www.studiesinmy
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Ti n e a n i g r aFig. 1. Map showi
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Ti n e a n i g r aand Polynesia (Ue
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On o f r i e t a l.Table 1. Test pa
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On o f r i e t a l.Analyses of resp
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On o f r i e t a l.Fig. 6. Percenta
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On o f r i e t a l.2005). The abili
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A r o c k-i n h a b i t i n g a n c
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De n g e t a l.Table 1. Strains use
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De n g e t a l.Table 3. Primer sequ
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De n g e t a l.10098CBS 157.67 Exop
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De n g e t a l.Table 5. Number of m
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Co n i o s p o r i u m o n s k i nT
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e n v i r o nm e n ta l is o l at i
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homogentisate 165, 171, 173Hortaea
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CBS Biodiversity SeriesNo. 6: Alter
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Studies in Mycology (ISSN 0166-0616
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Satow MM, Attili-Angelis D, Hoog GS
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Black fungal extremes - CBS

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