Black fungal extremes - CBS

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Yu r l o va e t a l.112ОС2Fig. 1. The effect of the aromatic substrates on pigment production by strainsstudied. The left half only of the plate was inoculated (O), the right half servingas a control (С) for spontaneous oxidation of aromatic substrates. Cups 1, 2,3 contained 0.1 mL of a solution of aromatic substrates.33The average intensity of pigmentation,%40strates on pigment production by BYF strains studied.3530as inoculated (O), the right half serving as a control (С) for spontaneous25. Cups 1, 2,203 contained 0.1 ml of a solution of aromatic substrates.151050syringaldazine4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvix acidphenyllactic acidpyrogallic acidresorcinolp-phenylenediaminetyrosinepyrocatecholphloroglucinol3,4-dihydroxyphenylalaninehomogentisic acidguaiacolFig. 2. The average intensity of pigmentation of some strains by presence of different phenoliс substracts.Substrates of o-diphenoloxidases (EC 1.10.3.1.): 4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvic acid, L-β-phenyllactic acid, tyrosine, pyrocatechol, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and homogentisicacid are indicated in red colour.Point inoculation of each fungus was made centrally on the platein Petri dishes (inoculation was made by a suspension of sevenday-oldculture cultivated on 2 % MEA at 24 °C). The cultures weregrown in the dark at 24 °C for 21 d. The intensity of growth andpigmentation was estimated visually, and the intensity of growthand pigmentation of strain Aureobasidium pullulans CBS 105.22= VKM F-179 cultivated on 4 % MEA was accepted as 100 %. Alltests were performed three times in duplicate.Thin-layer chromatography (TLC)Fourteen-day-old Petri dish cultures of A. pullulans VKM F-179= CBS 105.22, A. pullulans VKM F-370, A. pullulans VKPMF-371, A. pullulans var. aubasidani VKPM F-448, grown on CzAwith (10–50 µg/mL ) or without tricyclazole, were cut into smallfragments (about 1 cm 3 ) and extracted in 150 mL acetone for 8 h.The extracts were subsequently filtered, evaporated under reducedpressure and the remaining aqueous solutions extracted twice withequal volumes of ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate fractions werecollected, combined, and residual water was removed over NaSO 4.After the ethyl acetate was evaporated under reduced pressure,each sample was reconstituted with 1 mL of ethyl acetate to provideconcentrated solutions for chromatographic evaluation (Taylor etal. 1987, Kogej et al. 2004). The concentrated extracts and thestandards of flaviolin, 2-hydroxyjuglone (2-HJ), scytalone, 1,3,8-trihydroxynaphthalene (1,3,8-THN), 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalenewere spotted on silica gel-coated TLC plates with fluorescentindicator (Merck) and developed with ether-hexane-formic acid(60:39:1). Once separated, metabolites from the extracts wereobserved in daylight and under ultraviolet (UV) light at 254 and365 nm for characteristic colours and R fvalues. The plates werethen sprayed with an aqueous solution of 1 % FeCl 3. Once theywere dried, they were again evaluated for colours that appeared indaylight (Taylor et al. 1987, Kogej et al. 2004).42
Pi gm e n t f o r m at i o n in b l a c k y e a s t-l i k e f u n g iThe intensity of pigmentation, %100908070A60504030201001. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 2. 4. 5. 6. 11. 8. 9. 10.A.pullulans SPChPhA 129(11) K. lini CBS 121.25The intensity of pigmentation,%90807060B504030201001.2.3.12.9.8.1.2.3.12.9.8.2.3.12.9.8.2.3.12.4.11.9.10.2.3.6.9.8.10.A.pullulansVKPM F-371A.pullulansVKM F-1125A.pullulansVKM F-179A.pullulansVKPM F-448A.pullulansSPChPhA2320The intensity of pigmentation,%C90807060504030201003. 3. 11. 1. 3. 11. 5. 2. 5. 9.A.pullulansVKPMF-370A.pullulansVKM F-2204A.pullulansVKM F-2205H.dematioides H.macrosporumVKM F-2836 VKM F-2452Fig. 3. The intensity of pigmentation of some strains cultivated on media with different aromatic substrates.Y-axis: intensity of pigmentation, %.А. Second group; B. Third group; C. Fourth group.The intensity of pigmentation of strains Exophiala nigra F-2137 = CBS 535.94 (T) and E. prototropha CBS 534.94 (first group), when cultivated on all 12 aromatic substratesused, was listed as 100 %.Substrates of o-diphenoloxidases (EC 1.10.3.1.): 4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvic acid, L- β-phenyllactic acid, tyrosine, pyrocatechol, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and homogentisicacid are indicated in red colour.1. phenylenediamine; 7. 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine;2. syringaldazine; 8. L-β-phenyllactic acid;3. pyrogallic acid; 9. 4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvic acid;4. phloroglucinol; 10. homogentisic acid;5. resorcinol; 11. pyrocatechol;6. tyrosine; 12. guaiacol.www.studiesinmycology.org43
Page 1: Studies in Mycology 61 (2008)Black
Page 4 and 5: Studies in MycologyThe Studies in M
Page 7 and 8: PREFACEThe terms "black fungi" or "
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Page 11 and 12: Dr o u g h t m e e t s a c i dTable
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Page 36 and 37: Za l a r e t a l.Fig. 2. Consensus
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Page 56 and 57: Yu r l o va e t a l.AcetateMelanin(
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Page 80 and 81: Pl e m e n i ta s e t a l.diversity
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Ce l l u l a r r e s p o n s e s t
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Ce l l u l a r r e s p o n s e s t
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On o f r i e t a l.Table 1. Test pa
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On o f r i e t a l.Analyses of resp
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On o f r i e t a l.Fig. 6. Percenta
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On o f r i e t a l.2005). The abili
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available online at www.studiesinmy
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A r o c k-i n h a b i t i n g a n c
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De n g e t a l.Table 1. Strains use
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De n g e t a l.Table 3. Primer sequ
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De n g e t a l.10098CBS 157.67 Exop
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De n g e t a l.Table 5. Number of m
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Co n i o s p o r i u m o n s k i nT
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e n v i r o nm e n ta l is o l at i
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Origin o f Ex o p h i a l a d e r m
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Sat o w e t a l.Table 1. Compositio
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s u b s t r at e s p e c i f i c i
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Bi o d i v e rs i t y o f t h e g e
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homogentisate 165, 171, 173Hortaea
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CBS Biodiversity SeriesNo. 6: Alter
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Studies in Mycology (ISSN 0166-0616
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Satow MM, Attili-Angelis D, Hoog GS
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Black fungal extremes - CBS

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