Gem and Ornamental

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~igare 7.8 Hmn s m m m under mad-polam (ma-d).In crosection, for example in buttons carved h m the tip of thehorn, the h s amcture has a fumy appearance, possibly withrings of differing eolour (Fig. 7.9).In plastic imitations, there is a complete la& of amcture, and anycolour variation will appear as random swirls or blobs (Fii. 7.10).It may be possible to see air bubbles in plastic imita-. They donot occur in natural horn.
118 GBMs AND ORNAMWTAL MATBEUAZS OF ORGANIC ORIGINFigure 7,9Horn button, showing structure.Figure 7,lOPlasric button, showing swiils of wlour.Pressed or embossed horn has soft and rounded edges (Fig. 7.6).* Carved horn may show marks from the carving tools. Edges andcomers will be much aharper than with pressed horn.M c e deterhation is not a reliable indication of dx nature of thematerial as both plastic and hom dull wi& age and both mtch edy.Piquk work, sod worl ' 'p, or a good finish would all beindicators that an item is made from horn or tortoismhell, ratherthm plastic.
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Gem and OrnamentalMaterials of Orga
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Contents
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Introduction
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Photo credits
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AMBER AND COPAL 3Figure 1.1-Insect
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AMBER AND COPAL 5F M1.5 Poorly pres
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AMBHR AND COPAL 7Figure 1.7 Piece o
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10 GEMS AND ORNAMIWTAL MATBEUAZS OF
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12 GEMS AND ORNAMENTAL MA- OF ORGAN
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14 GaMs AND ORNAMENTAL ~~ OF ORGANI
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20 GHMS AND ORNAMlNTAL MATBRIAIS OF
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22 GEMS AND ORNAMHNTAL MATERMIS OF
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24 GEMS AND ORNAMENTAL MATERIMS OF
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AMBER AND COPAL 29Figure 1.34 Piece
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AMBER AND COPAL 35- - -Figure 1,37
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Figure 1.39 Amber and ivmy casket,
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40 GEMS AND ORNAMHNTAL MATERMIS OF
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42 GEMS AND ORNAMENTAL MATBElIALS O
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F I 2.6 Jet simuht showing uneven c
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Figure 2.9Vulcanite chain linlc whi
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Figure 2,12tesLJet simulant bead, a
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54 GaMs AND ORNAMENTAL ~~ OF ORGANI
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58 GaMs AND ORNAMENTAL MIXRIMS OF O
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The fedes dso any tu& though theirs
Page 80: mything hm fish and birds to the la
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Page 88: Figure 3.9'Ivorine' plah he&, imimt
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Page 100: 4 Bone
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Page 108 and 109: 5 Antler
Page 113 and 114: Figure 5*3 Tupilakof reindeer antle
Page 117 and 118: 6 Rhino horn
Page 119: 104 GaMs AND ORNAMHNTAL MATERMIS OF
Page 123 and 124: 7 Horn
Page 126 and 127: HORN 111
Page 128: Figme 7.4Various modem horn items.F
Page 135 and 136: aq ppo g 'my1103 3emdmw Po02 ta apt
Page 138: Figure 7.13 Horn p d t by Mme Bone.
Page 141 and 142: 126 GEM AND ORNAMENTAL MATERMU OF O
Page 144 and 145: Greens me larger than hawksbills an
Page 146 and 147: Figure 8.8w=.Detail of pmsed card c
Page 148 and 149: Figure 8.11 Tomkhell dressing table
Page 150: Figure 8.13colour .Plastic imimtiug
Page 157 and 158: 9 Pearl
Page 160 and 161: Figure 9.2 Broken blister pearl in
Page 163 and 164: America. The pearls were plentiful,
Page 165 and 166: 150 GHMs AND 0-AL MA- OF ORGANIC OR
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Page 170 and 171: Figure 9,12 DyedChinese &&waterpear
Page 172 and 173: masn q~w q ma^ umqmd pamapnu pamp n
Page 175 and 176: Figure 9,17Cultured pearl, ahowing
Page 178: Figure 9.22Coated p hk bead with wo
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10 Shell
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Figure 10.2Cowrie ahells: natural a
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Figure 10.5Three opercula (magn5ed)
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178 GEMS AND ORNAMENTAL MAlXRlMS OF
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180 GaMs AND ORNAMHNTAL MATBRIALS O
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of the shell is lost. It is usually
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184 GHMs AND ORNAMENTAL MATERIALS O
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××
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11 Coral
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Tlis order covers soft corals, but
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198 GBMs AND ORNAMENTAL MATBRIALS O
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200 G W AND ORNAMENTAL MATERIMS OF
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202 G W AND ORMAMENTAL MA-OF ORGANI
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204 GEMS AND OKNAMENTAL MATERIMS OF
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206 GHhZs AND ORNAMENTAL MllRUU OF
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210 GaMs AND ORN-AL MATERIM3 OF ORG
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212 GaMs AND ORN-AL MATERIAIS OF OR
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12 Miscellaneous organics
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222 GEMS AND 0-AL MA- OF ORGANIC OR
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Figure 12.5 Chinme lacquer brooch (
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Figure 12.8Vegetable ivorg structur
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MIScELIANROUS ORGANICS 233Figme 12.
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Figum 12.12 Two demtive cups of osi
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Figare 13,lShellac Union case.Shell
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244 GEMS AND OKNAMENTAL MATERIMS OF
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246 GaMs AND 0-AL MATERIMS OF ORGAN
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Glossary×
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