Gem and Ornamental

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2 Jet
40 GEMS AND ORNAMHNTAL MATERMIS OF ORGANIC ORIGINFigure 2.1 Various jets, d d s e frwn bottom: Whitby half polished on topof Whitby rough, M&an hulf polished, %can rough, Ukrunian rough,Chinese polished.+Whenlack of air prevented further decay. Later, geologid changes causedthe seabed to lift above sea level so that we now find jet on land.Jet occurs in small seams of around 2C25 un thick and less thana metre long.Whitby jet occurs in both 'hard' and 'soft' qualities. The latter isunsuitable for working as it is slightly brittle and may at some timed. Although the reason f%r the differences is uncertain, there aretheories that sofk jet may have been formed in ksh water, or thatit may be younger. It is also possible that soft jet contains moresulphur, which prevents the material from hard* in the sameway. A jet work can see immediately which material he is dealingwith, though people with less eence may h d it mdt.Whitby jet also o c m ag 'plank' or 'core' jet. Tlis refera to the wayit has been Wed: either completely httened or with a silici5edcore.There is little smcture to be seen in jet, though in rare e e n sof rough material it is possible to see the mual growth rings of theorighd tree, which have been compressed to flat lines.found on a beach jet h a a dull, water-worn appearance (Fii.
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Gem and OrnamentalMaterials of Orga
Page 6 and 7: Contents
Page 8: Introduction
Page 13 and 14: Photo credits
Page 18 and 19: AMBER AND COPAL 3Figure 1.1-Insect
Page 20 and 21: AMBER AND COPAL 5F M1.5 Poorly pres
Page 22: AMBHR AND COPAL 7Figure 1.7 Piece o
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Page 35 and 36: 20 GHMS AND ORNAMlNTAL MATBRIAIS OF
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Page 44: AMBER AND COPAL 29Figure 1.34 Piece
Page 50 and 51: AMBER AND COPAL 35- - -Figure 1,37
Page 52: Figure 1.39 Amber and ivmy casket,
Page 57: 42 GEMS AND ORNAMENTAL MATBElIALS O
Page 60 and 61: F I 2.6 Jet simuht showing uneven c
Page 62: Figure 2.9Vulcanite chain linlc whi
Page 66 and 67: Figure 2,12tesLJet simulant bead, a
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Page 73 and 74: 58 GaMs AND ORNAMENTAL MIXRIMS OF O
Page 77: The fedes dso any tu& though theirs
Page 80: mything hm fish and birds to the la
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Page 88: Figure 3.9'Ivorine' plah he&, imimt
Page 91 and 92: +Even,76 GEMS AND ORNAMWTAL MA- OF
Page 95 and 96: 80 GBMs AND ORN-AL MATERMIS OF ORGA
Page 100: 4 Bone
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88 GEMS AND ORNAMWTAL MA- OF ORGANI
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5 Antler
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Figure 5*3 Tupilakof reindeer antle
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6 Rhino horn
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104 GaMs AND ORNAMHNTAL MATERMIS OF
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7 Horn
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HORN 111
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Figme 7.4Various modem horn items.F
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~igare 7.8 Hmn s m m m under mad-po
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aq ppo g 'my1103 3emdmw Po02 ta apt
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Figure 7.13 Horn p d t by Mme Bone.
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126 GEM AND ORNAMENTAL MATERMU OF O
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Greens me larger than hawksbills an
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Figure 8.8w=.Detail of pmsed card c
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Figure 8.11 Tomkhell dressing table
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Figure 8.13colour .Plastic imimtiug
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9 Pearl
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Figure 9.2 Broken blister pearl in
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America. The pearls were plentiful,
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150 GHMs AND 0-AL MA- OF ORGANIC OR
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152 GEMS AND OKNAMENTAL ~~ OF ORGAN
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Figure 9,12 DyedChinese &&waterpear
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masn q~w q ma^ umqmd pamapnu pamp n
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Figure 9,17Cultured pearl, ahowing
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Figure 9.22Coated p hk bead with wo
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10 Shell
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Figure 10.2Cowrie ahells: natural a
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Figure 10.5Three opercula (magn5ed)
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178 GEMS AND ORNAMENTAL MAlXRlMS OF
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180 GaMs AND ORNAMHNTAL MATBRIALS O
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of the shell is lost. It is usually
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184 GHMs AND ORNAMENTAL MATERIALS O
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××
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11 Coral
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Tlis order covers soft corals, but
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198 GBMs AND ORNAMENTAL MATBRIALS O
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200 G W AND ORNAMENTAL MATERIMS OF
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202 G W AND ORMAMENTAL MA-OF ORGANI
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204 GEMS AND OKNAMENTAL MATERIMS OF
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206 GHhZs AND ORNAMENTAL MllRUU OF
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210 GaMs AND ORN-AL MATERIM3 OF ORG
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212 GaMs AND ORN-AL MATERIAIS OF OR
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12 Miscellaneous organics
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222 GEMS AND 0-AL MA- OF ORGANIC OR
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Figure 12.5 Chinme lacquer brooch (
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Figure 12.8Vegetable ivorg structur
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MIScELIANROUS ORGANICS 233Figme 12.
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Figum 12.12 Two demtive cups of osi
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Figare 13,lShellac Union case.Shell
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244 GEMS AND OKNAMENTAL MATERIMS OF
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246 GaMs AND 0-AL MATERIMS OF ORGAN
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Glossary×
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Gem and Ornamental

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